This project is an attempt to present a visual representation of gender variation. Not everyone identifies as either "male" or "female." Likewise not everyone's gender corresponds to their biological sex. Gender variation is a difficult concept to both understand and explain, in part because our vocabulary only offers the binary opposites "male" and "female". Words used to describe someone outside this gender dichotomy are confusing, used inconsistently or derogatory in nature. The project proposes that gender is a continuum and offers a possible visual representation. My hope is that this effort will enable us to better conceptualize the in-between experience as a precursor to developing more meaningful language around this topic. The written document includes a review of literature, an explanation of methods used to create the project, discussion of the results, and a final overview. The actual creative project itself is a short video found on the accompanying DVD. / Department of Telecommunications

This research presents a new way to improve inclusiveness for the variety of transgender self-identities in clinical settings. The spectrum of transgender identities were clustered into two groups: the fixed -- representing transgender individuals who preferred identification with the gender binary male or female, and the fluid -- representing transgender individuals that favor openness and flexibility on the gender continuum. Furthermore, different scales, the Memorial University of Newfoundland's Scale of Happiness (MUNSH) (Kozma, & Stones, 1980) and Bradley's Well-Being Scale (BWB) (Bradley, 1994), Self-Confidence Scale (Oakley, 1996, 1998) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (Cohen, 1994) were investigated for their reliability with transgender clients. The fixed and fluid transgender groups were then used as the key criterion for investigating differences in quality of life (QOL), self-confidence, stress and counselling satisfaction. Using combined quantitative as well as qualitative methodology, data was analyzed for a sample of 145 transgender people. Mean age was 42.27. Quality of life for the fluid transgender group was <extremely low,> the group difference was not significant Stress was expectedly very high in both groups, but interestingly self-confidence was also high. The mean difference between the fixed (M=17.44) and fluid (M=20.82) transgender groups was statistically significant. One in four transgender individuals identified either as <neutral> or <dissatisfied to very dissatisfied> with their counselling experience. The dissatisfaction was higher in the fluid transgender group. One hundred eleven transgender participants (111) completed seven open-ended questions and 11 participated in a semi-structured, face-to-face interview process, guided by thirteen questions. The stories of the participants demonstrated how a gender specific upbringing affects transgender individuals through: themes of shame, guilt, and anger. While, transgender individuals developed survival techniques such as daydreaming and fantasizing, negative coping methods such as alcohol abuse, drug abuse and self-harm were also common. Family was identified as the dominant factor in reinforcing gender appropriate behaviour. To improve clinical care these findings should be taken into consideration.

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Orientador: Maria Regina Momesso / Banca: Jorge Leite Júnior / Banca: Paulo Rennes Marçal Ribeiro / Resumo: Essa pesquisa é fruto do desejo de compreensão dos discursos sobre expressões, corpo, subjetividades, materialidades dos enunciados de gênero, especificamente os relacionados às identidades de transhomens. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi descrever relações discursivas que constroem o corpo do transhomem, tanto as relações imersas a verdades e saberes, quanto as permeadas por controle, disciplina e poder que se materializam nesses corpos. Na perspectiva teórica utilizou-se a Análise de Discurso (AD) Francesa com ênfase na Teoria de Michel Foucault. Isto posto, os discursos aqui presentes foram delimitados afim de tomar um ponto de partida para a análise discursiva, evidenciamos a questão da patologização da identidade transgênera, descrevendo como esse ponto se articula e se reproduz dentro da vivência de transhomens. Sendo assim, compreende-se por pessoas transgêneras indivíduos que não apresentam identificação entre sexo biológico e gênero, sendo transhomens sujeitos biologicamente femininos, com percepção de identidade masculina. Optou-se por realizar esta pesquisa no Estado do Pará, na cidade e região metropolitana de Belém, haja vista a familiaridade da pesquisadora com a região. Esta pesquisa foi realizada nos moldes da pesquisa de Campo de natureza qualitativa, com utilização de um questionário socioeconômico e um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. As entrevistas foram realizadas na Secretaria de Estado de Justiça e Direitos Humanos (SEJUDH), em auditório ce... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Resumen: Esta investigación es fruto del deseo de comprensión de los discursos sobre expresiones, cuerpo, subjetividades, materialidades de los enunciados de género, específicamente los relacionados a las identidades de transhombres. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue describir relaciones discursivas que construyen el cuerpo del transhomem, tanto las relaciones inmersas a verdades y saberes, como las permeadas por control, disciplina y poder que se materializan en esos cuerpos. En la perspectiva teórica se utilizó el Análisis de Discurso (AD) Francés con énfasis en la Teoría de Michel Foucault. En este sentido, los discursos aquí presentes fueron delimitados a fin de tomar un punto de partida para el análisis discursivo, evidenciamos la cuestión de la patologización de la identidad transgénera, describiendo cómo ese punto se articula y se reproduce dentro de la vivencia de transhombres. Siendo así, se comprende por personas transgénero individuos que no presentan identificación entre sexo biológico y género, siendo transhombres sujetos biológicamente femeninos, con percepción de identidad masculina. Se optó por realizar esta investigación en el Estado de Pará, en la ciudad y región metropolitana de Belém, teniendo en cuenta la familiaridad de la investigadora con la región. Esta investigación fue realizada en los moldes de la investigación de Campo de naturaleza cualitativa, con utilización de un cuestionario socioeconómico y un guión de entrevista semiestructurada. Las entrevi... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Mestre

Orientador: Pedro Ângelo Pagni / Banca: Divino José da Silva / Banca: Tânia Sueli Antonelli / Banca: César Donizetti Pereira Leite / Banca: Alexandre Simão de Freitas / Resumo: Esta tese analisa e discute o problema da identidade de gênero e a sexualidade como temas transversais ao currículo escolar. Focaliza como questão central os corpos desviantes, particularmente os transgêneros, como agenciadores de uma crítica ao governo identitário das diferenças na escola. Para tanto, entre o espaço acadêmico e nossa experiência singular de professor, testemunhamos nossas próprias buscas acerca da identidade e das diferenças gênero dentro desse (cis)tema binário de vidas e corpos, ressaltando o comum durante todo o trajeto percorrido. Reconstruindo esse testemunho, enfocamos corpos trans que transgridem as normalizações habitualmente estabelecidas a partir do paradigma da diferença identitária dos corpos. De narrativas de pessoas transgêneras até nosso próprio testemunho, vislumbramos nesse percurso um comum ingovernável, que se apresenta como um ethos e possibilita uma ruptura (cis)têmica, emergindo como um acontecimento e como um foco de resistência ao governo identitário dos corpos produzidos pela escola. Nessa trajetória partimos da perspectiva foucaultiana de intelectual específico para fazer um relato de si, em diálogo com as obras de Paul Beatriz Preciado, Judith Butler e Letícia Lanz, que deram foco à questão da transgeneridade. Assim, procuramos problematizar a binarização dos corpos pela biopolítica neoliberal com vista a naturalizá-los e argumentamos pela tese da não-binaridade dos corpos trans, como ethos, facultando uma ruptura ética na formação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This thesis analyzes and discusses the problem of gender identity and sexuality as transversal themes to the school curriculum. As a central issue, it focuses on deviant bodies, particularly transgenders, as agents of a critique of the identity government of differences in school. For this purpose, between academic space and our unique experience as teacher, we witnessed our own search for identity and gender differences within this binary (cis) theme of lives and bodies, emphasizing the common throughout the course. Rebuilding this testimony, we focus on trans bodies that transgress the normalizations usually established from the paradigm of the difference of identities of bodies. From narratives of transgender people to our own testimony, we see in this path an ungovernable common, which presents itself as an ethos and enables a (cis) temic rupture, emerging as an event and as a focus of resistance to the identity government of the bodies produced by the school. In this trajectory we start from Foucault's perspective as a specific intellectual to produce of himself a self-report, in dialogue with the works of Paul Beatriz Preciado, Judith Butler and Letícia Lanz, who focused on the question of transgeneration. Thus, we seek to problematize the binarization of bodies by neoliberal biopolitics in order to naturalize them and argue for the thesis of non-binarity of trans bodies, as ethos, providing an ethical rupture in human formation and demanding a reconfiguration of the di... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

This qualitative interview study was designed to explore with Trans-Spectrum college students, including graduates, current students, and dropouts, how they have conceptualized and made meaning of their experiences in traditionally Red States since the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election. This study resulted in recommendations that would enable administrators in both community colleges and four-year institutions to implement specific practices to improve learning environments and access to resources for Trans-Spectrum college students. The researcher based this study on three principal assumptions: (1) there is a population of Trans-Spectrum college students in these Red States. Although no data exist on the number of transgender students in higher education per state, these students must exist. (2) Trans-Spectrum college students in these Red States face an array of challenges every day both on and off campus from bullying and family struggles to financial struggles to suicidality. (3) The 2016 U.S. Presidential Election had a negative impact on these participants’ college experiences. Interviews conducted with 25 participants comprised the primary data for this study. Participants included students presently attending community college; students presently attending four-year institutions; recent graduates of both community colleges and four-year institutions; and students who departed college. A document review also yielded data. The findings regarding the experiences of Trans-Spectrum college students in Red States since the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election were: (1) A strong majority of participants described their overall college experiences as being shaped by an uncertain and unpredictable learning environment. (2) A strong majority of participants indicated that the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election had a compromising effect on their safety and well-being on campus and in their community. (3) All participants described experiencing issues related to access to resources, campus-wide illiteracy on trans issues, and race and gender identity, while an overwhelming majority of participants described having mental health issues. A strong majority reported incidents of being bullied on campus and in the college community. (4) An overwhelming majority of participants identified a support system as a significant factor in helping them learn to overcome their challenges. The key recommendations that emerged from this study were: (1) Community Colleges should create an Intake Form on which students have the option to self-identify in terms of sexual orientation and gender identity. This will enable these colleges to track data on completion, persistence, and retention of Trans-Spectrum students. (2) Both community colleges and four-year institutions should invest more in mental health services and consider investing more resources in on-campus mental health personnel and resources. (3) Both community colleges and four-year institutions should build community partnerships to provide more resources for Trans-Spectrum students.

The history of transgender identity is inextricable from the mental health industry. Since the late 1970's transgender people have required permission from mental health professionals to make medical modifications to their sex characteristics. During the time of this research, it was difficult for transgender individuals to receive the hormones or surgeries they desire without first being diagnosed with Gender Identity Disorder (GID). This study applies labeling theory to the label of GID. Labeling theory poses that if an individual is labeled with a mental illness, they will either reject or accept the label. Acceptance of the mentally ill label will cause the individual to adopt characteristics expected of the label. The intent of this study is to examine the relationship between mental health therapy and the formation of transgender identities. Utilizing labeling theory, it analyzes whether or not transgender participants of this study accepted or rejected the mental illness label of GID. It was originally posed that if transgender individuals accepted the label of GID, they would experience a shift in their gender identity. However, the overwhelming majority of the twelve participants interviewed rejected the label of GID. Even though most participants rejected the GID label, many still saw a shift in gender identity while attending therapy. This thesis proposes that there may be a link between a transgender person’s reason for entering therapy and identity shift. Those who felt obligated to go to therapy for the sole reason of gaining permission to change their sex characteristics saw no change in identity. However, those who wanted help in exploring their gender with a therapist saw identity changes while in therapy.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-05T12:58:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Suitsu de Sá.pdf: 1055980 bytes, checksum: d4825f67ff6c4968e6f3e79a0347392b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-05T12:58:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Suitsu de Sá.pdf: 1055980 bytes, checksum: d4825f67ff6c4968e6f3e79a0347392b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-17 / This dissertation aims to show that our society excludes the transgender population from the formal job market, hindering the trans employee from the right to work. Starting from this point, we will show the main personality rights that are disrespected on the professional relationships involving transgender employees. Then, we will enlist some ways that could change said situation and promote the right to work to the transgender population, in conditions of dignity, with respect to all the kinds of gender identity. To achieve such goal, we'll use brazilian and foreign doctrine, as well as statistics researches and jurisprudence, to show the importance of the recognition - and celebration - of said differences, in order to allow to each and every one the right to work, regardless of one’s gender identity / Esta dissertação procura demonstrar que a sociedade atual exclui a população transgênero do mercado de trabalho formal, tolhendo o direito ao trabalho às pessoas trans. Partindo desta constatação, serão destacados os principais direitos da personalidade que são desrespeitados nas relações de emprego envolvendo trabalhadoras e trabalhadores transgênero. Por fim, serão apresentados alguns meios de se mudar esse cenário e promover o direito ao trabalho à população transgênero, em condições dignas, que respeitem a identidade da pessoa obreira. Para tanto, valer-nos-emos de doutrina brasileira e estrangeira, bem como pesquisas estatísticas e jurisprudenciais, a fim de demonstrar a importância de se reconhecer – e celebrar – as diferenças para, de fato, permitir o exercício do direito ao trabalho por todos os indivíduos, independentemente de sua identidade de gênero

O reconhecimento da identidade de gênero e o uso do nome social são algumas das principais pautas do movimento trans e LGBTI e contribuem para a diminuição da opressão e exclusão desse grupo social. Essas demandas foram parcialmente atendidas com a publicação do Decreto Nº 8.727, que dispõe sobre o uso do nome social e o reconhecimento da identidade de gênero de pessoas trans em órgãos públicos federais, suscitando diversas reações-respostas nas diferentes esferas sociais. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os discursos sobre a identidade de pessoas trans em textos online, mais precisamente a partir das relações dialógicas entre o Decreto Nº 8.727, de 28 de abril de 2016, e notícias do jornalismo online. Nesta análise, foram considerados dados de pesquisa, além do referido decreto, dez notícias do jornalismo online, publicadas entre abril de 2016 e agosto de 2017, que tematizam questões relativas ao uso do nome social e ao reconhecimento da identidade de gênero, buscando verificar que relações de diálogo se tecem entre os enunciados e o Decreto Nº 8.727. A ancoragem teórico-metodológica da pesquisa teve como embasamento os estudos do Círculo de Bakhtin (BAKHTIN, 2012[1920-1924; 2014[1927]; 2015[1930-1936]; 2014[1934-1935]; 2016[1952-1953]; 2015[1963]; 1987[1965]; 2015[1979]; BAKHTIN/VOLOCHÍNOV, 2014[1929]; VOLOCHÍNOV 2013[1930]; MEDVIEDEV, 2016[1928]), além de estudos acerca da identidade a partir da perspectiva da Linguística Aplicada e seus diálogos interdisciplinares (BHABHA, 2014; MOITA LOPES, 2003; 2006, 2010, 2013a, 2013b; RAJAGOPALAN, 2003) e também sobre as questões da transgeneridade e do gênero social (BUTLER, 2015; BENTO, 2008, JESUS, 2010a; 2010b; 2012a; 2012b; JESUS, ALVES, 2010; LOURO, 2016). Com relação às regularidades discursivas, observouse a reenunciação das teorias de gênero e sexualidade e a tentativa de neutralização por parte do discurso jornalístico, tornando opacas suas valorações. Além disso, tem-se o reenquadramento de discursos acerca da identidade de pessoas trans como estratégia discursiva por parte dos veículos de comunicação, evidenciando posicionamentos axiológicos de naturezas distintas. Nesses discursos, em alguns momentos, o Decreto Nº 8.727 e o uso do nome social eram tratados como ferramentas importantes de cidadania e visibilidade para o movimento trans, instituindo o sujeito trans como um sujeito de direito; em outros, tanto o uso do nome social quanto as vivências de gênero que extrapolam a cisnormatividade eram questionados. / The recognition of gender identity and the use of the social name are some of the main guidelines of the trans and LGBTI movement and contribute to the reduction of the oppression and exclusion of this social group. These demands were partially met with the publication of the decree, which deals with the use of social name and the recognition of the gender identity of trans people in federal public agencies, provoking diverse reactions in the different social spheres. The present work had as main objective to analyze the speeches about the identity of trans people in online texts, more precisely from the conexions between Decree N. 8.727, of April 28, 2016, and news of online journalism. In this analysis, we have selected, in addition to the aforementioned decree, ten news articles on online journalism that discuss issues related to the use of social name and the recognition of gender identity, seeking to verify that dialogue relations are woven between the statements and Decree No. 8.727. To reach our goal, we opted for theoretical-methodological anchoring in Bakhtin Circle studies (BAKHTIN, 2012 [1920-1924, 2014 [1927], 2015 [1930-1936], 2014 [1934-1935], 2016 [1952-1953 (1990), [1929], and also studies of identity from the perspective of the Applied Linguistics, (BHABHA, 2014, MOITA LOPES, 2003, 2010, 2013a, 2013b; RAJAGOPALAN, 2003) and also on issues of transgender and social gender studies (BUTLER, 2015, BENTO, 2008, JESUS , 2010a; 2010b; 2012a; 2012b; JESUS, ALVES, 2010; LOURO, 2016). The data gave rise to some regularities, such as the reenactment of theories of gender and the attempt to neutralize the journalistic discourse, making their valuations opaque. In addition, there is a reframing of discourses about the identity of trans people as a discursive strategy on the part of the communication vehicles, evidencing axiological positions of different natures. In these discourses, we noticed how Decree No. 8,727 and the use of the social name were treated as important tools of citizenship and visibility for the trans movement, instituting the trans subject as a subject of law; at the sime time, both the use of the social name and the experiences of gender that extrapolated the cisnormativity were questioned.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study is a hermeneutic phenomenology of transgenderism as it is valued and appreciated by adults who self-identify along the transgender spectrum. As a population-at-risk due to a social environment reliant on a dualistic notion of gender, transgender people are of particular concern to social workers, who are charged with identifying and building on client strengths. Yet the preponderance of the academic literature has reinforced a negative, problematic, or even pathological view of transgenderism. The literature also has tended to focus narrowly on transsexualism, leaving a gap in our knowledge of other forms of transgenderism. The present study—grounded primarily in the philosophy and methodology of Heideggerian phenomenology, but also drawing on Gadamerian hermeneutics—sought to understand the lived experience of transgenderism as it is appreciated by a range of transgender adults. A purposive sample of fifteen self-identified transgender adults who reported appreciating being transgender was recruited using snowball sampling across three Midwestern states. Each participated in an individual, open-ended interview designed to tap their lived experience with transgenderism as a valued aspect of life. Transcribed interview data were analyzed using Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenological processes as suggested by various researchers in nursing, social work, and other disciplines. The results of this study suggest that intimate connections (with one’s self, with others, and with a larger purpose) constitute the essence of the lived experience of appreciating one’s transgenderism. These findings help prepare social workers to recognize the strengths of the transgender population and to engage in culturally competent practice. In addition, this research offers new knowledge for improving social work curricular content on transgenderism and for justifying trans-inclusive social policies. The study also contributes to the overall research literature on transgenderism and qualitative methods.