Transphobia research has focused on predictors and correlations of prejudice toward transgender people. Consistently, male participants have higher transphobic attitudes compared to female participants in various studies. Further, males are overrepresented in crimes against transgender people. However, these studies were correlational and causation cannot be determined. Masculinity researchers outside of psychology have discussed maintenance of masculine privilege as a motivator for oppressive beliefs and actions. Thus, the goal of this study was to provide an experimental study of causes for increased transphobic attitudes in men, based on sociological and gender studies’ research on hegemonic masculinity. To test this, participants were given false feedback that masculinity score was either “feminine” (the experimental group) or “similar to their age group” (the control group). Results of the present study indicated participants in the experimental group reported nearly statistically significantly greater transphobia than those in the control group, p = .047. Although the findings were not significant, further research is needed to validate these findings. The study provides implications for future research on causes of transphobic attitudes and behaviors through sociological frameworks of power and privilege in the context of gender.

Submitted by Sylvia Maria Godoy Amorim (sylmagorim@gmail.com) on 2018-04-19T22:12:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FINAL_PDF.pdf: 1625156 bytes, checksum: 3ae3be9fe69b5b0584d5b8f23558ed1a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Carolina Lourenco null (carolinalourenco@fclar.unesp.br) on 2018-04-20T11:58:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 amorim_smg_me_arafcl.pdf: 1625156 bytes, checksum: 3ae3be9fe69b5b0584d5b8f23558ed1a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T11:58:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 amorim_smg_me_arafcl.pdf: 1625156 bytes, checksum: 3ae3be9fe69b5b0584d5b8f23558ed1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / A sociedade contemporânea legitima o comportamento heterossexual tendo como parâmetro de normalidade, as relações entre sexos opostos. Assim sendo, cria-se uma obrigação de que todas as pessoas devam ter o sexo biológico como fator determinante do gênero, e compulsoriamente, precisam desejar alguém do sexo oposto para manter suas práticas sexuais. Estas práticas apontam para a dimensão de algo múltiplo, ou seja, de um processo que se constrói continuamente trazendo em si, um incômodo social, que se configura na medida em que os padrões heteronormativos fortemente instituídos são confrontados. As barreiras impostas à expressão de identidades ou à reafirmação de uma concepção polarizada, ou seja, binária ainda reforça uma educação pautada em separação entre o masculino e o feminino. Neste contexto, inúmeras dificuldades são enfrentadas por pessoas transgêneras que esbarram na invisibilidade, na negação de direitos básicos de cidadania e no descaso de políticas públicas sinalizando enfrentamentos hostis e excludentes no processo de construção de suas identidades. A escola, enquanto espaço cultural supostamente neutro, não acompanha as respostas e questionamentos em relação à diferença, principalmente no que se refere ao gênero. A falta de informação desse contexto leva alunos e educadores a seguir padrões convencionais que direcionam o trato às diferenças de gênero a produzirem estigmas, preconceito, discriminação e transfobia. Assim sendo, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral, elaborar um jogo que possa ser utilizado para se trabalhar o respeito à diversidade sexual e de gênero junto a alunos e equipes educativas. Buscou-se problematizar questões referentes à inclusão das diferenças nos espaços escolares possibilitando assim, um novo olhar da escola com relação à presença destes estudantes. / The contemporary society legitimates heterosexual behavior, having as a parameter of normality, relations between opposing sexes. Thereby, an obligation is created that all people should have the biological sex as a decisive factor of the gender, and compulsorily, they must desire someone of the opposite sex to maintain their sexual practices. These practices point to the dimension of something multiple, a process that is continually built up, bringing with it a social nuisance, which is configured in the measure in which strongly instituted heteronormative patterns are confronted. The barriers imposed on the expression of identities or the reaffirmation of a polarized or binary conception still reinforce an education based on a separation between the masculine and the feminine genders. In this context, innumerable difficulties are faced by transgendered people who are confronted with invisibility, denial of basic citizenship rights, and in the disregard of public policies, signaling some hostile and exclusionary confrontations in the process of building their own identities. The school, even as a supposedly neutral cultural space, does not keep up with the answers and questions regarding the difference, especially when referring to the genre. The lack of information in this context leads students and educators to follow conventional standards that direct the treatment of gender differences in the production of stigma, prejudice, discrimination and transphobia. Therefore, this research, aimed to elaborate a game based on the perceptions of transsexual people about their school trajectories, especially regarding prejudice and discrimination experiences, develop a game that can be used to work respect for sexual and gender diversity with students and educational teams. Issues related to the inclusion of differences inside school spaces were problematized, thus allowing a new look of the school regarding the presence of these students.

abstract: Despite the population of transgender individuals in the United States doubling from 2011 to 2016, this population is one of the most understudied in psychological science. Of the available research, the associations between gender congruence, defined as an individual’s body matching their gender identity, and well-being have been examined, particularly demonstrating positive associations between gender congruence and overall life satisfaction. However, there remains a dearth of research on the possible associations between gender congruence and relational well-being - particularly sexual satisfaction - and possible moderating effects of the internal negative feelings regarding one’s identity (internalized transphobia). To address these gaps in the literature, this study gathered data from 165 binary transgender men. While there was not an effect of gender congruence on sexual satisfaction, internalized transphobia was found to moderate this association such that individuals who reported high internalized transphobia and high gender congruence reported the highest sexual satisfaction. Results of this study highlight the existing literature on the negative associations between internalized transphobia and well-being for transgender individuals. Implications for counselors are discussed, including advocacy efforts and implementation of techniques to facilitate growth and resilience to help transgender clients navigate the negative effects of internalized transphobia. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Counseling 2020

This study investigates the influences for, methods of, and impact of sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) on transgender individuals. SOCE uses methods such as religious practices, behavioral modification, cognitive reframing, and counseling as ways to change sexual orientation from homosexual to heterosexual (Fjelstrom, 2013). This phenomenological, multiple case study analysis examines individual cases of SOCE to find cross-sectional themes among participants. The study identified participants who were influenced to undergo SOCE due to familial attitudes towards transgender identity. Participants described various methods used to suppress their gender identity during SOCE. They reported being negatively impacted by SOCE, experiencing issues such as loss of faith, interpersonal harm, feelings of inauthenticity, lack of trust, negative self-esteem and sexual dysfunction. This study aims to advocate for policy change regarding SOCE and to bring awareness on the use of SOCE among transgender individuals.

Black transgender men are exposed to systems of oppression such as racism and cissexism at unique intersections of marginalized racial and gender identities, yet their experiences within such systems are not well understood. In this qualitative study, 10 Black transgender men were interviewed and six major themes were identified: developing an empowered view of self, navigating double consciousness, having a target on your back, strategies of resilience, culture of silence, and finding quality care.

Yes / What’s wrong with human rights discourse and equality legislation is their creation under the guise of neutrality. The practice of human rights and equality sit within administration systems that are in general sites of production and implementation of racism, homophobia, xenophobia, sexism, transphobia and ableism. Whilst the people subject to these types of discrimination fight hard and make sacrifices to win the inclusion of their rights, whilst such privileges sit within archaic systems - can they ever be anything more than a temporary respite from oppression not a resolution?

Black transgender men are exposed to systems of oppression such as racism and cissexism at unique intersections of marginalized racial and gender identities, yet their experiences within such systems are not well understood. In this qualitative study, 10 Black transgender men were interviewed and six major themes were identified: developing an empowered view of self, navigating double consciousness, having a target on your back, strategies of resilience, culture of silence, and finding quality care.

Sexual and gender minorities are subjected to discrimination and stigmatization which increase vulnerability to psychological co-morbidities (Mays & Cochran, 2001). The mechanisms through which discrimination contributes to distress in lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (lgbt) communities can be partially elucidated through the minority stress model. The minority stress model argues that minorities are subjected to negative societal attitudes and discrimination that results in excessive psychosocial stress related to their minority position, which is distinct from daily stress. Meyer’s minority stress model is supported by social stress theoriesand data linking discrimination to stress in lgb samples. Researchers suggest that self-esteem buffers the negative effects of adverse experiences but tests of the moderating effect of self-esteem on the discrimination-distress relationship in ethnic and gender minorities yielded mixed results. Szymanski found that self-esteem moderates the relationship between discrimination and psychological distress in a male sexual minority sample, but this has never been tested in a gender-balanced sexual minority sample. We hypothesized that higher levels of self-esteem are associated with lower overall perceived stress in lgbt adults, and that self-esteem acts differentially in lgbt populations to moderate perceived discrimination. We found that discrimination, self-esteem and the interaction effect between discrimination and self-esteem accounted for 53 percent of the total variance in perceived stress scores, ∆R2 = .38; adj. R2 = .53, F(12, 133) = 14.47, p < .001.When we tested whether self-esteem moderated the relationship between discrimination and stress, discrimination was positively related to stress, β = .13, t(144) = 2.14, p < .05, and self-esteem was negatively related to stress, β = -.63, t(144) = -10.26, p < .001. The interaction between self-esteem and discrimination positively correlated with stress, β = .14, t(144) = 2.29, p < .05. Our findings suggest that self-esteem may alleviate the impact of discrimination on perceived stress, which has important implications for interventions designed to reduce stress in lgbt communities.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-09-13T14:21:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Kleber Mascarenhas Navas.pdf: 1182722 bytes, checksum: 4135110c5d0fa6a2ef35bd0928725028 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T14:21:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kleber Mascarenhas Navas.pdf: 1182722 bytes, checksum: 4135110c5d0fa6a2ef35bd0928725028 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis is to study the subject of trafficking in Brazilian transvestites and transsexuals for the purpose of sexual exploitation. The overall objective is to analyze and critically understand the determinations of human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation of transvestites and transsexuals in the transnational sex trade, as well as ways of coping in terms of public policy. In this sense, we analyze the movement of transvestites and transsexuals in sex markets towards southern European countries, as well as the dynamics of these displacements approaches the fraud notions, coercion or abuse of vulnerability that characterize human trafficking in order to detect crime evidence about this phenomenon. From a theoretical point of view, it is part of Dialectical Materialism history as a foundation. The methodological procedures were quantitative and qualitative approach, with field research conducted with semi-structured script interview and applied with two subject. The main results of the research show that the subject surveyed were victims of human trafficking and that in such cases, there are specific compared with those involving women and adolescents, the main victims of this phenomenon. We observed also that the faces of human trafficking in the contemporary world is reactualized and it is necessary to analyze the crisis of capital of the context in which it appears, as it influences both the dynamics of trafficking, as the confrontation policies, which are presented, most of the time, with a camouflaged speech and hiding the true character of antimigration policies / A presente tese tem como objeto de estudo o tráfico de travestis e transexuais brasileiras com a finalidade de exploração sexual. O objetivo geral é analisar e compreender criticamente as determinações do tráfico de pessoas com a finalidade de exploração sexual de travestis e transexuais no mercado transnacional do sexo, bem como as formas de enfrentamento no plano das políticas públicas. Nesse sentido, analisamos os deslocamentos de travestis e transexuais nos mercados do sexo em direção a países do sul da Europa, bem como se a dinâmica desses deslocamentos se aproxima das noções de fraude, coação ou abuso de situação de vulnerabilidade que caracterizam o tráfico de pessoas com o intuito de detectar indícios de crime acerca desse fenômeno. Sob o ponto de vista teórico, parte-se do Materialismo Histórico Dialético como fundamento. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram a abordagem quanti-qualitativa, com pesquisa de campo realizada com entrevista semiestruturada e roteiro, aplicado com duas sujeitas. Os principais resultados da pesquisa apontam que as sujeitas pesquisadas foram vítimas do tráfico de pessoas e que, nesses casos, há especificidades, quando comparados com aqueles que envolvem mulheres e adolescentes, principais vítimas desse fenômeno. Foi possível verificar, ainda, que as faces do tráfico de pessoas na contemporaneidade se reatualizam e é necessário analisar o contexto da crise do capital em que está inserido, visto que influencia tanto na dinâmica do tráfico, como nas políticas de enfrentamento, que se apresentam, na maioria das vezes, com um discurso camuflado e que esconde o verdadeiro caráter de políticas antimigratórias

Several studies have shown that religious involvement has positive effects on human life. It creates a sense of belonging and hope for the future in the life of youths, it improves married life and prevents loneliness in the lives of older adults. However for LGBTQ people the effect of religious involvement is often the complete opposite experience. The majority of the religious groups in United States of America believe homosexuality is a sin and religious involvement for LGBTQ people results in being faced with oppression, internalized homophobia, anxiety, loneliness and depression. This study, through qualitative interviews, research shows how religious homophobia and transphobia have affected the participants' mental and emotional health and how it has affected their religious life.