Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-26T10:24:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rafael Sousa Rodrigues.pdf: 2935295 bytes, checksum: c8d29737cc1dbea08ea979f5566e42bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-26T10:25:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rafael Sousa Rodrigues.pdf: 2935295 bytes, checksum: c8d29737cc1dbea08ea979f5566e42bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The implementation of governmental programs of decentralization of water access and management stands as an important chapter in the recent trajectory of state intervention in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Public policies such as the One Million Cisterns Program (P1MC) and the One Land and Two Waters Program (P1 + 2), proposed by the Articula??o Semi?rido Brasileiro (ASA -Articulation in the Brazilian Semi-arid), undergo, currently, a process of consolidation as innovative experiences of social participation in the formulation and implementation of public policies. Several technologies developed as a result of historical processes of interaction established between sertanejo peasants and nature in the semi-arid region, or generated in the realm of civil society organizations or research institutions, started to be developed as an alternative to the hegemonic model of State intervention centered in large scale development projects oriented by the concept of ?drought combat?. ASA was a fundamental actor in the recovery, systematization, valuing and development of several technologies, presented as an alternative to large scale engineering works historically advocated by public policies. ASA's work and the critique of social organizations against the criticism of the drought combat model placed the technological issue at the center of public debate. In a context of enhancing interactions between civil society and the State, enabled by the political democratization of the country, this debate reached the spaces of policy formulation. In the present work, we will try to understand the trajectory of construction of public policies oriented by the approach of coexistence with the semi-arid and how the interactions established between the public power and civil society organizations, influenced the generation, dissemination and institutionalization of the technologies proposed by P1MC and P1 + 2. As conceptual references, we used approaches related to the field of Social Studies on Science and Technology, particularly social constructivism and the Muti-level Perspective. Research methods encompassed interviews with key stakeholders involved in the process of formulation and implementation of the studied policies, analyzing, as well, audit documentation, meeting minutes and technical and executive projects related to the various phases of implementation of the programs analyzed. The research findings show that the interaction between civil society and the State in the legislation process constitutes a key arena in the pattern making and manualization procedures of the technologies of coexistence with the semi-arid / A implanta??o de programas governamentais de descentraliza??o do acesso ? ?gua figura como um cap?tulo importante na trajet?ria recente de interven??o estatal no semi?rido brasileiro. Propostas pela Articula??o Semi?rido Brasileiro (ASA), pol?ticas como o Programa Um Milh?o de Cisternas (P1MC) e o Programa Uma Terra e Duas ?guas (P1+2) v?m se consolidando, no per?odo mais recente, como experi?ncias inovadoras de participa??o social na formula??o e implementa??o de pol?ticas p?blicas. Nesse processo, diversas tecnologias desenvolvidas na intera??o hist?rica dos camponeses sertanejos com a natureza semi?rida, ou geradas no ?mbito de organiza??es da sociedade civil e institui??es de pesquisa passaram a ser implementadas como alternativas ao modelo de interven??o estatal hegem?nico, centrado nas grandes obras de ?combate ? seca?. A cria??o da ASA foi um ator fundamental no resgate, sistematiza??o, valoriza??o e desenvolvimento de muitas tecnologias alternativas ao modelo das grandes obras preconizado, historicamente, pelas pol?ticas governamentais. A atua??o da ASA e a cr?tica das organiza??es sociais ao modelo de combate ? seca colocaram a quest?o tecnol?gica no centro do debate p?blico. Em um contexto de crescentes intera??es entre a sociedade civil e o Estado, oportunizado pelo processo de democratiza??o pol?tica do pa?s, este debate alcan?ou os espa?os de formula??o de pol?ticas. No presente trabalho, buscaremos compreender como se deu a trajet?ria de constru??o das pol?ticas p?blicas orientadas pelo enfoque da conviv?ncia com o semi?rido e como as intera??es estabelecidas entre o poder p?blico e as organiza??es da sociedade civil influenciaram o processo de gera??o, dissemina??o e institucionaliza??o das tecnologias propostas pelo P1MC e P1+2. Para tanto utilizamos enfoques situados no campo dos Estudos Sociais da Ci?ncia e da Tecnologia, com destaque para o construtivismo social e a Perspectiva Multin?vel. Em termos metodol?gicos, realizamos entrevistas com atores-chave, diretamente envolvidos no processo de formula??o e implementa??o das pol?ticas estudadas, analisando, tamb?m, um extenso conjunto de documentos, incluindo auditorias, minutas de reuni?es e projetos t?cnicos e executivos referentes ?s diversas fases de implanta??o dos programas analisados. A pesquisa constatou que a intera??o entre a sociedade civil e o Estado na constru??o destas pol?ticas ? um espa?o fundamental no processo de modeliza??o e manualiza??o das tecnologias de conviv?ncia com o semi?rido

Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-18T11:29:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1956067 bytes, checksum: 845c3d0cd5113c8498d955af9cdcd907 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-18T11:29:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1956067 bytes, checksum: 845c3d0cd5113c8498d955af9cdcd907 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this thesis, we deal with a particular geometric scalar tensor theory, which is a version of the Brans-Dicke gravitation, formulated in aWeyl integrable space-time. This formulation is done using the Palatini's variation procedure. The main point of our work is to perform two particular applications of the geometrical Brans-Dicke theory. The rst one is the study of geometric fase transition phenomena, that's related to a continuous change in the space-time structure of the universe from a Riemann's geometry to a Weyl's geometry, or in the inverse sense, from Weyl's geometry to Riemann's geometry. This phenomena seems to take place when the universe starts to expand in a accelerated rate. The second one is the investigation of classical and quantum behaviour of a anisotropic n-dimensional universe . To nd solutions that display the dynamical compacti cation of non observed extra dimensions is the main motivation to study such universe. / Nesta tese, reapresentamos uma teoria escalar tensorial geométrica, que é uma versão da gravitação de Brans-Dicke formulada em um espaço-tempo de Weyl integrável. Com esta teoria fazemos duas aplicações especí cas. Uma delas para o estudo de um fenômeno, que chamamos de transição de fase geométrica, uma mudança contínua na estrutura geom étrica do espaço-tempo. Este fenômeno parece ocorrer quando o universo se expande aceleradamente. A segunda aplicação reside no estudo clássico e quântico do comportamento de um modelo de universo n-dimensional anisotrópico. A motivação para esta investigação é a busca de soluções que exibem o compactação dinâmica das dimensões extras, que não são observadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TaffarelMT_DISSERT.pdf: 2213102 bytes, checksum: 779f70cd3a9747e4f3a386630bd3d1cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-09 / Funda??o de Apoio ? Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte / Oilseeds are a high-value natural resource, due to its use as a substitute for petroleum. However, the storage time can reduce seed viability and oil quality. Therefore, scientific efforts have been made to provide a increment of storage time, germination rates and plant establishment of high-value oilseeds. The seedling establishment depends of the plant pass over the functional transition stage, characterized by a metabolic change from heterotrophic condition to autotrophic one. The storage oil mobilization is performed by β-oxidation process and the glyoxylate cycle. Also, the functional transition involves acclimation to photosynthetic condition, which generally includes the participation of antioxidant system and the reactive oxygen species, the latter are produced in various reactions of primary and secondary metabolism. In the present study, Catalase was inhibited during the functional transition of sunflower and safflower, after were performed many analyzes to elucidate the effects caused on the SOD and APX antioxidant systems. Also, were checked the changes in expression pattern of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes markers, ICL and MLS. It was observed that after CAT inhibition, the SOD and APX antioxidant systems allow the seedling establishment. Besides, was verified that both oilseeds can be accelerate the reverse mobilization and the photosynthetic establishment when Catalase activity has dramatically decreased / As sementes oleaginosas armazenam ?leos, um recurso natural de alto valor econ?mico devido a sua aplicabilidade como substituto aos derivados do petr?leo. Por?m, o tempo de armazenamento pode inviabilizar a semente provocando a redu??o da qualidade do ?leo e perda da viabilidade da semente. Por este motivo, esfor?os cient?ficos t?m sido realizados para proporcionar um maior tempo de armazenamento e incrementar taxas de germina??o e estabelecimento destas plantas com alto valor econ?mico. O estabelecimento da pl?ntula depende da capacidade do vegetal transpassar a etapa de transi??o funcional, caracterizada pela mudan?a do estado heterotr?fico para o autotr?fico. O consumo das reservas de ?leo depende das vias de β-oxida??o e do ciclo do glioxilato. No entanto, o processo de transi??o envolve a aclimata??o do vegetal ? condi??o de organismo fotossintetizante, que em geral conta com a participa??o fundamental do sistema antioxidante do vegetal devido ? produ??o de esp?cies reativas de oxig?nio em v?rias rea??es do metabolismo prim?rio e secund?rio. Neste estudo, a Catalase foi inibida durante a transi??o funcional de girassol e c?rtamo para analisar os efeitos provocados nos sistemas antioxidantes de APX e da SOD e verificar as modifica??es no padr?o de express?o das enzimas marcadoras do ciclo do glioxilato, ICL e MLS. Constatou-se que diante da inibi??o da Catalase o sistema antioxidante da APX e da SOD permitem o estabelecimento da pl?ntula. Verificou-se tamb?m que as duas oleaginoasas parecem acelerar a mobiliza??o de reservas e o estabelecimento fotossint?tico quando a Catalase tem a atividade drasticamente reduzida

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:15:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloBS_DISSERT.pdf: 2228867 bytes, checksum: 46ad012b7ecf9d333c9b9a88bbfb0411 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-12 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The diffusive epidemic process (PED) is a nonequilibrium stochastic model which, exhibits a phase trnasition to an absorbing state. In the model, healthy (A) and sick (B) individuals diffuse on a lattice with diffusion constants DA and DB, respectively. According to a Wilson renormalization calculation, the system presents a first-order phase transition, for the case DA > DB. Several researches performed simulation works for test this is conjecture, but it was not possible to observe this first-order phase transition. The explanation given was that we needed to perform simulation to higher dimensions. In this work had the motivation to investigate the critical behavior of a diffusive epidemic propagation with L?vy interaction(PEDL), in one-dimension. The L?vy distribution has the interaction of diffusion of all sizes taking the one-dimensional system for a higher-dimensional. We try to explain this is controversy that remains unresolved, for the case DA > DB. For this work, we use the Monte Carlo Method with resuscitation. This is method is to add a sick individual in the system when the order parameter (sick density) go to zero. We apply a finite size scalling for estimates the critical point and the exponent critical =, e z, for the case DA > DB / O processo epid?mico difusivo (PED) ? um modelo estoc?stico de n?o equil?brio que se inspira no processo de contato e que exibe uma transi??o de fase para um estado absorvente. No modelo, temos indiv?duos saud?veis (A) e indiv?duos doentes (B) se difundindo numa rede unidimensional com uma difus?o constante DA e DB, respectivamente. De acordo com os c?lculos do grupo de renormaliza??o, o sistema apresentou uma transi??o de fase de primeira ordem, para o caso DA > DB. V?rios pesquisadores realizaram trabalhos de simula??o para testar esta conjectura e n?o conseguiram observar esta transi??o de primeira ordem. A explica??o dada era que precis?vamos realizar simula??o para dimens?es maiores. Por isso, neste trabalho tivemos a motiva??o de investigarmos o comportamento cr?tico de um processo de propaga??o epid?mico difusivo com intera??o de L?vy (PEDL) em uma dimens?o. A distribui??o de L?vy tem intera??o de difus?o de todos os tamanhos levando o sistema unidimensional a um sistema de dimens?es maiores. Com isso, poderemos tentar explicar esta controv?rsia que existe at? hoje, para o caso DA > DB. Para este trabalho utilizamos o M?todo de Monte Carlo com ressuscitamento. Este m?todo consiste em acrescentar um indiv?duo doente no sistema quando o par?metro de ordem (densidade de doente) vai ? zero. Aplicamos a t?cnica de an?lise de escala de tamanho finito para determinarmos com boa precis?o o ponto cr?tico e os expoentes cr?ticos ??/v, v e z, para o caso DA > DB

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:32:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioMBN_DISSERT.pdf: 717546 bytes, checksum: 381030bb759313d7ef41203fde24db9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-14 / The central objective of a study Non-Homogeneous Markov Chains is the concept of weak and strong ergodicity. A chain is weak ergodic if the dependence on the initial distribution vanishes with time, and it is strong ergodic if it is weak ergodic and converges in distribution. Most theoretical results on strong ergodicity assume some knowledge of the limit behavior of the stationary distributions. In this work, we collect some general results on weak and strong ergodicity for chains with space enumerable states, and also study the asymptotic behavior of the stationary distributions of a particular type of Markov Chains with finite state space, called Markov Chains with Rare Transitions / O objetivo central de estudo em Cadeias de Markov N?o-Homog?neas e o conceito de ergodicidade fraca e forte. Uma cadeia ? erg?dica fraca se a depend?ncia da distribui??o inicial desaparece com o tempo, e ? erg?dica forte se ? erg?dica fraca e converge em distribui??o. A maioria dos resultados te?ricos sobre a ergodicidade forte sup?e algum conhecimento do comportamento limite das distribui??es estacion?rias. Neste trabalho, reunimos alguns resultados gerais sobre ergodicidade fraca e forte para cadeias com espa?oo de estados enumer?vel, e tamb?m estudamos o comportamento assint?tico das distribui??es estacion?rias de um tipo particular de Cadeias de Markov com espa?o de estados nito, chamadas Cadeias de Markov com Transi??es Raras

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:15:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlenePSF_DISSERT.pdf: 1687677 bytes, checksum: 1148ebf1be9615049fa1952b3098a785 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The aim of this work is to derive theWard Identity for the low energy effective theory of a fermionic system in the presence of a hyperbolic Fermi surface coupled with a U(1) gauge field in 2+1 dimensions. These identities are important because they establish requirements for the theory to be gauge invariant. We will see that the identity associated Ward Identity (WI) of the model is not preserved at 1-loop order. This feature signalizes the presence of a quantum anomaly. In other words, a classical symmetry is broken dynamically by quantum fluctuations. Furthermore, we are considering that the system is close to a Quantum Phase Transitions and in vicinity of a Quantum Critical Point the fermionic excitations near the Fermi surface, decay through a Landau damping mechanism. All this ingredients need to be take explicitly to account and this leads us to calculate the vertex corrections as well as self energies effects, which in this way lead to one particle propagators which have a non-trivial frequency dependence / Nesse trabalho derivamos e checamos a Identidade de Ward (IW) para uma teoria efetiva de baixas energias de um sistema fermi?nico acoplado a um campo de gauge U(1), em 2+1 dimens?es, na presen?a de uma superf?cie de Fermi parab?lica. As identitades deWard s?o muito importantes pois, estabelecem requisitos para que a teoria efetiva seja invariante de gauge. Veremos que a IW n?o ? preservada em ordem de 1-loop. Isto caracteriza a presen?a de uma an?malia qu?ntica. Assim, uma simetria cl?ssica ? destruida dinamicamente por flutua??es qu?nticas. O nosso sistema f?sico se encontra na vizinhan?a de um Ponto Cr?tico Qu?ntico. Portanto, as excita??es fermi?nicas, que se situam pr?ximo a superf?cie de Fermi, decaem com o tempo, produzindo assim um amortecimento de Landau. Todos esses ingredientes de um regime de forte acoplamento devem ser levados em conta. E em fun??o disso calcularemos as corre??es de v?rtice e os efeitos das auto-energias, que dessa forma fazem com que os propagadores de uma part?cula da teoria dependam da frequ?ncia de uma forma n?o-trivial

The aim of this paper is to investigate how strategies and plans for the transition to a fossil-free transport sector take environmental justice into account in these plans at a regional level. This is based on a theoretical framework of environmental justice and a legal geographical perspective. The empirical material that forms the basis of the study has been produced through qualitative content analysis of regional and municipal plans and strategies as well as semi-structured interviews with actors in the transition. In order to achieve the purpose, the strategies that emerged in the documents were examined, as well as how actors reasoned about these strategies with the help of environmental justice perspectives. The study has focused on an area where a knowledge gap has been identified in the literature. The result shows that there is no clear perspective of environmental justice in the plans and strategies in the Jönköping region and that the regional strategies needs to take more account of the just perspectives in the transition. This is achieved through different forms of justice: distributive, procedural, recognition and restorative. / Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur strategier och planer för omställningen till en fossilfri fordonssektor tar hänsyn till miljörättvisa i dessa planer på en regional nivå. Detta utifrån ett teoretiskt ramverk baserat på miljörättvisa och ett juridisk geografiskt perspektiv. Det empiriska material som ligger till grund för studien har tagits fram genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys av regionala och kommunala planer och strategier samt semistrukturerade intervjuer med aktörer i omställningen. För att uppnå syftet undersöktes vilka strategier som framträdde i dokumenten, samt hur aktörer resonerade kring dessa strategier med hjälp av perspektiv av miljörättvisa. Studien har fokuserat på ett område där en kunskapslucka har kunnat konstaterats i tidigare forskning. Resultatet visar att det saknas ett tydligt perspektiv av miljörättvisa i planerna och strategierna i Jönköpings län och att det behövs tas större hänsyn till rättviseperspektiven i dessa. Detta uppnås genom olika former av rättvisa: fördelande, deltagande, erkännande och reperativ.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Zampieri Martinati.pdf: 4869657 bytes, checksum: acf4ce5f7119bf55d063cea6eefd9b99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-12 / The transition from Childhood Education (Educa??o Infantil EI) to Elementary School (Ensino Fundamental EF) is the topic of this study, which presents as main objective to analyze this passage from the perspective of their main characters, the children and teachers. The Brazilian Law number 11.274/06 has broadened the duration of EF to 9 years, having children entering at 6 years old; and the official documents prescribe that the transition from EI to EF shall not happen in an abrupt way, because it is a potential moment of breaches and crises which may interfere on the child s bio-psychological development. Such moment shall be lived in the most productive way possible. In this sense, the issue on this research has been formulated in the following way: How has the process of school transaction from EI to the nine-year EF taken place in both schools segment?. The specific objects are: (i) analyzing the children s interpretation on their experiences in EI and EF, (ii) identifying the teachers actions regarding the passage from EI to EF; and (iii) identifying the teachers conceptions on the mandatory entrance of six-year-old children in EF. The method, of qualitative nature, is based on the school transition process, which happens in two moments: Phase I, completed with a group of 10 children between 5 and 6 years old in a Childhood Education Municipal School (Escola Municipal de Educa??o Infantil EMEI); Phase II, completed with 4 children who were part of the previous EI group, but who now are in the 1st year of EF in an Elementary Municipal School (Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental EMEF), aged between 6 and 7 years old. The research instruments have been: (i) documental analysis (of the pedagogical projects in EMEI and EMEF), (ii) questionnaire for the parents, (iii), participative observation, (iv) semi-structured interview with teachers in EMEI and EMEF, (v) (reflexive and narrative) interview with the children; and (vi) drawing. The empirical material has been recorded in video and there was a daily field registration, besides, the drawings produced by the children have been kept. The results of the research indicate the absence of reciprocal references about the school transaction in both school units, which do not exist on the pedagogical projects and on the school day-by-day. There is not a systematic work on the children s future lives in EMEI; their entrance on the EMEFs is only mentioned when the children show curiosity about their new school. They know the new school will be different, and they want to change, most likely because the elementary school is socially valued. Also, in EMEF, there are few references on the children s previous lives, and it is as if a new child was born, who must adjust to the new reality through silence and body control. In this scenario, the playing, which, in the Historical-cultural theory, is the main activity of the child, is cramped. Because of the breach, the lack of articulation and of continuity in the pedagogical work, some children have signed suffering in the process of adaptation; and others, subverting the established order, have presented frequent small playful episodes during classes, somehow attenuating the loss of playing. EI and EF children give a great importance to playing; and a systematic work on the school transaction would cause relevant contributions, moreover in EF, where there is the diminution of playful activities. Therefore there is an urgent need of articulating actions between EI and EF and investing on the initial and ongoing formation of teachers, mainly regarding playful activities from the Historical-cultural theory point of view, especially when these activities are considered to be the instrument for developing superior psychological functions. The problems noticed on the implementation of the new nine-year EF are also a consequence of how the public agencies prescribe, as in laws and regulations, but do not provide, which indicates the need for debates on what our education project for childhood really is. / A transi??o da Educa??o Infantil (EI) para o Ensino Fundamental (EF) foi o tema deste trabalho, que apresentou como principal objetivo analisar essa passagem na perspectiva de seus protagonistas, as crian?as e os professores. A Lei n? 11.274/06 ampliou a dura??o do EF para 9 anos com ingresso da crian?a aos seis anos de idade e os documentos oficiais prescrevem que a transi??o da EI para o EF n?o ocorra de maneira abrupta, pois ? um momento potencial de rupturas e crises que incidem sobre o desenvolvimento biopsicol?gico da crian?a, devendo ser vivenciada de maneira mais produtiva poss?vel. Assim, o problema da presente pesquisa foi formulado da seguinte maneira: Como se tem constitu?do o processo de transi??o escolar da EI para o EF de nove anos em institui??es de ambos segmentos? . Os objetivos espec?ficos foram: (i) analisar as interpreta??es das crian?as sobre suas experi?ncias na EI e no EF, (ii) identificar as a??es das professoras relativas ? passagem da EI para o EF e (iii) identificar as concep??es das professoras sobre a obrigatoriedade do ingresso da crian?a de seis anos no EF. O m?todo, de natureza qualitativa, foi constitu?do no processo de transi??o escolar, ocorrida em dois momentos: Fase I, realizada com um grupo de 10 crian?as de 5 e 6 anos de idade de uma Escola Municipal de Educa??o Infantil (EMEI); Fase II, feita com 4 crian?as do grupo da EI, mas, agora, ingressantes do 1? ano do EF de uma Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental (EMEF), com idades entre 6 e 7 anos. Os instrumentos de pesquisa foram: (i) an?lise documental (projetos pedag?gicos da EMEI e da EMEF), (ii) question?rio com os pais, (iii), observa??o participante, (iv) entrevista semiestruturada com as professoras da EMEI e da EMEF, (v) entrevista com as crian?as (reflexiva e narrativa) e (vi) produ??o de desenhos. O material emp?rico foi videogravado e houve o registro em di?rio de campo e tamb?m de desenhos produzidos pelas crian?as. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram aus?ncias de refer?ncias rec?procas sobre a transi??o escolar em ambas as institui??es de ensino, inexistentes nos projetos pedag?gicos e no cotidiano escolar. N?o h? um trabalho sistem?tico sobre a vida futura das crian?as na EMEI; men??es quanto ao seu ingresso em EMEFs s?o feitas apenas quando elas manifestam curiosidade sobre a nova escola. As crian?as sabem que a nova escola ser? diferente e querem mudar, muito provavelmente porque a escola de ensino fundamental ? socialmente valorizada. Tamb?m na EMEF, h? poucas refer?ncias ? vida pregressa das crian?as, pois ? como se nascesse uma nova crian?a, que tem que se ajustar ? nova realidade por meio do sil?ncio e do controle corporal. Nesse cen?rio, tolhe-se o brincar, que dentro da Teoria Hist?rico-Cultural, ? a principal atividade da crian?a. Em fun??o da ruptura, da desarticula??o e descontinuidade do trabalho pedag?gico, algumas crian?as sinalizaram sofrimento no processo de adapta??o e outras, subvertendo a ordem estabelecida, realizaram frequentes microepis?dios l?dicos em sala de aula, de certo modo, atenuando a perda do brincar. As crian?as da EI e do EF atribuem grande import?ncia ao brincar e um trabalho sistem?tico sobre a transi??o escolar traria contribui??es relevantes, sobretudo no EF, onde h? o esmaecimento da atividade l?dica. Portanto, urge a necessidade de a??es articuladoras entre a EI e o EF e o investimento na forma??o inicial e continuada de docentes, principalmente no que diz respeito ? atividade l?dica ? luz da Teoria Hist?rico-Cultural, sobretudo, quando se considera esta atividade como instrumento do desenvolvimento das fun??es psicol?gicas superiores. Os problemas evidenciados sobre a implanta??o do novo EF s?o tamb?m consequ?ncia da forma pela qual o poder p?blico prescreve, como em leis e normas, mas n?o prov?, indicando a necessidade de debates sobre qual ?, de fato, nosso projeto para a educa??o da inf?ncia.