The diploma thesis Jan Zábrana, translator and poet - translating poetry while inspired by it? examines the relationship between the original works of Jan Zábrana and his translations, taking into account the similar thematic and formal inclinations of all the authors and the sociocultural context, preventing Jan Zábrana from publishing his own poetry. Based on the analysis of three variants of Zábrana's poem collections Utkvělé černé ikony, Stránky z deníku and Samosoud and his translations of poems by Allen Ginsberg, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Gregory Corso and Kenneth Patchen, the thesis aims at finding the tendencies and models present both in Zábrana's original poems and his translations.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamos automatinės vertimo sistemos, pagrindiniai jų veikimo principai ir šių sistemų integracijos būdai. Detaliai aprašoma populiarių šiuo metu statistinių vertimo sistemų struktūra, pateikiami šių ir tradicinių (taisyklėmis paremtų) sistemų privalumai ir trūkumai. Pristatomos visos šiuo metu egzistuojančios automatinio vertimo sistemos lietuvių ir anglų kalbų porai, išaiškinami jų privalumai ir trūkumai. Lingvistiniu požiūriu nagrinėjamos lietuvių ir anglų kalbos, išvardinami šių kalbų panašumai, skirtumai ir sunkumai, kylantys verčiant iš vienos kalbos į kitą. Taip pat pateikiami įvairūs automatinio vertimo įvertinimo būdai, įskaitant populiarų BLEU įvertinimo metodą. Išvardinamos ir analizuojamos užsienio autorių siūlomos automatinio vertimo sistemų integracijos architektūros. Apžvelgiami sumaišymo tinklai, kurie naudojami kuriant integruotą vertimo sistemą. Pateikiama originali mišriosios vertimo sistemos įgyvendinimo metodika. Integruota sistema yra praktiškai įgyvendinama. Šios sistemos ir kitų vertimo sistemų anglų ir lietuvių kalbų porai rezultatai yra įvertinami ir palyginami. Atlikus teorinę automatinio vertimo sistemų apžvalgą ir praktiškai įgyvendinus mišriąją vertimo sistemą, pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados ir siūlymai. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, automatinio vertimo sistemų analizė, mišriųjų automatinio vertimo sistemų analizė, mišriosios automatinio vertimo sistemos sukūrimas, išvados, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Master’s thesis analyses machine translation systems, their principles of operation and the methods used in integrating these systems. The structure of popular statistical machine translation systems, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of such systems is described in detali. The existing machine translation systems for the Lithuanian-English language pair along with their abilities and shortcomings are presented. Lithuanian and English languages are analysed from the linguistic perspective. The similarities and differences between these languages, as well as the difficulties, arising in translating the text from one language to another are discussed. Moreover, different machine translation evaluation methods, including the popular BLEU metric, are reviewed. Various architectures for integrating multiple machine translation systems, offered by foreign authors, are presented and analysed. Confusion networks, which are used in integrating machine translation systems, are discussed. An original method of implementing the hybrid machine translation system is offered. The hybrid system is implemented in practice. The translation results obtained from the created system and the existing systems for the Lithuanian-English language pair are assessed and compared. Finally, after performing the theoretical review of machine translation systems and implementing the hybrid system, conclusions and recommendations are provided. The thesis consists of 6 parts: introduction, the... [to full text]

In my master's thesis I inquire into Jaroslav Vrchlický's translation of French poetry. In five chapters I analyse Vrchlický's translations of the poems by the Parnasists José-Maria de Heredia, Sully Prudhomme, Leconte de Lisle and François Coppée; the fifth is the romantic author Victor Hugo. The analyses are preceded by a bibliographic-descriptive part, an overview of Vrchlický's studies related to the poet in question and reception of Vrchlický's translations in contemporary periodicals. The summarizing chapters describe Vrchlický's translation method and the relationship of F. X. Šalda as the leading figure of contemporary literary criticism to Jaroslav Vrchlický. A substantial part of the work is a bibliographical index of Vrchlický's translations of French poetry published in books and journals as well as a list of his critical studies. As information source we have used the digitalized card catalogue Retrobi available online at the website of the Institute of Czech Literature, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.

This thesis deals with the reception of the works of Michail Bugakov by the Czech community from the 1920s to 1980s. This time frame is set by the publishing of two translations of Bulgakov's novella Fatal Eggs. Using the two translations, published over fifty years apart, this thesis attempts to demonstrate how were Bulgakov's works received by the Czech community and in what context were they understood. The thesis focuses mainly on the impact of the novel in the life and work of Michail Bulgakov. Following that, a picture of the author created by the Czech journalism and commentaries accompanying his works is shown. Through the analysis of these texts the thesis focuses on the influence of ideology on the interpretation of author's works and fate. Further focus is given to the differences of translation styles of both translators. The translatological analysis of selected samples of both translations has been conducted and upon it the methods used by each of the translators have been synthesized. Key words: Michail Bulgakov, Fatal Eggs, Kamila Značkovská-Neumannová, Alena Morávková, the picture of the author, translation method, translatological analysis

This master's thesis consists of a Czech language translation and commentary for selected chapters of Dans l'enfer des tournantes, an autobiography by Samira Bellil, a French author of Algerian descent. The commentary is divided into two parts: a presentation of literature written by French authors of Maghrebi descent, the so-called beurs, the language they use in literature and reception of their works; and an analysis of the source text and its reception, the problems encountered during the process of translation and their solutions as well as the chosen translation method. Key words: Samira Bellil, autobiography, beurs, translation, translation analysis, translation method, translation problem, translation shift, suburbs of Paris

This thesis explores Otokar Fischer's translations and their significance for the Czech translation tradition. The theoretical part addresses the status Otokar Fischer had in his time, the ample scope of activities, both creative and academic, he engaged in as well as his problematic position at the boundary between two languages and three cultures during the unstable interwar years. Then, the focus shifts on the way secondary literature, mainly from the field of translation studies, evaluates Fischer's translations. The image of Otokar Fischer and his school of translation promoted by the said literature is subject to criticism in the next chapter which also adds information the relevant books do not emphasize enough or leave out completely. The next part assesses two of the most significant translations done by Fischer - Goehte'sFaust and Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra- and also touches upon his translation of Shakespeare's Macbeth. The last section of the thesis deals with the legacy Otokar Fischer left in the Czech translation tradition and the way his students and younger generations of translators approached this legacy.

The aim of this thesis is to present an annotated literary translation of two short stories (L'arbre Yama a Barsa, ou barsaq) from the collection Histoire du pied et autres fantaisies by French author and Nobel Prize for literature winner J. M. G. Le Clézio. The first part of this thesis contains a translation of the two short stories. The second part, a commentary on the translation, includes information about the choice of the text, the author and his work, main stylistic and thematic features of the two translated texts, a list of main translation problems and strategies to solve them, the choice of the translation method and conception, the reception of Le Clézio's work in Czech literary context and an analysis of a survey among Czech publishers.

Jitka Nešporová doctoral thesis ABSTRACT The doctoral thesis focuses on the translation persona and work of Ludvík Kundera. A poet himself, he translated verse first and foremost and was able to do so from many languages, although he sometimes resorted to the use of interlinear translations. The research, however, concentrates primarily on the description, analysis and reception of his direct translations in the Czech - German language pair, which was predominant in Kundera's translation work. The thesis contributes to the understanding of the history of Czech literary translation after 1945 by describing Kundera's translation method, making accessible part of his literary estate, notably his correspondence, and providing an update to Kundera's translation bibliography. Kundera is best known as the exclusive, authorized translator of Bertolt Brecht's drama and poetry. His translations of Expressionists Georg Trakl and Gottfried Benn, for which he received the State Award for Literary Translation in 1996, are considered canonical today. The same holds true for his translations of Paul Celan's poetry and Alfred Kubin's novel Die andere Seite (The Other Side). Kundera was also the first to introduce Czech readers to the poetry of Alsatian Dadaist Hans Arp and the poetry of East German lyricist Peter Huchel....

Notre travail est une étude didactique, traductologique et linguistique. L’objectif de ce travail est de trouver une solution à l’enseignement de la traduction français-arabe/ arabe-français dans le cursus de FLE dans les universités irakiennes. Le manque d’avancée notable dans le domaine de l’enseignement de la traduction et de la mise en œuvre des procédés didactiques en classe est le fruit d’un déséquilibre entre le programme dans les départements de français et le bagage linguistique et les compétences didactiques de l’enseignant. L’intériorisation de la grammaire de la langue cible est l’un des objectifs principaux en didactique des langues. Le recours par l’enseignant de la classe de traduction à une grammaire explicite favorise-t-il ou entrave-t-il l’intériorisation de la grammaire des langues ? Il est nécessaire que la formation initiale des enseignants de langue et de traduction comporte une solide initiation à deux modèles métalinguistiques.Malgré les études universitaires croissantes pour l’enseignement de la traduction, il n’existe à notre connaissance aucune étude, surtout en Irak, portant sur la didactique de la traduction entre le français et l’arabe qui permettrait d’acquérir la compétence traductionnelle à des apprenants de langues étrangères. Ce travail est important pour le système universitaire en Irak car il n’a jamais fait l’objet d’une étude approfondie. Il est nécessaire pour créer des départements de traduction français –arabe dans les universités irakiennes. Notre initiative s’accompagne de l’introduction en Irak de méthodes nouvelles de traduction comme l’AMD (Analyse matricielle définitoire).Ce travail s’attaque notamment aux difficultés linguistiques de la traduction à partir des traductions des apprenants irakiens des universités de Bagdad et d’Al-Mustansiriyah. Dans cette optique, nous avons réalisé une enquête auprès des professeurs de français et des étudiants de ces universités.La finalité de ce travail est une réflexion qui vise à :Entrainer les enseignants à faire des analyses linguistiques qui leur fassent prendre conscience du fonctionnement de leur langue (en l’occurrence l’arabe) et des différences de fonctionnement entre leur langue et la langue vers laquelle ou à partir de laquelle ils traduisent (en l’occurrence le français). L’analyse doit se focaliser sur le fonctionnement de la langue et non sur l’apprentissage ou la comparaison du métalangage ou telle théorie linguistique ou grammaticale même si le formateur doit, lui, avoir une formation linguistique théorique cohérente.III Faire découvrir aux enseignants les débats contradictoires et souvent violents que connait la traductologie et leur fournir les outils qui leur permettent d’adopter une attitude critique au sein de ces débats.Apprendre aux enseignants à se construire une méthode de traduction avec un protocole relativement précis qui en définit les différentes étapes. Leur apprendre à justifier la méthode qu’ils auront choisie. / Our work is a didactic, traductologic, and linguistic study. This work aims to find a solution for the French-Arabic / Arabic-French translation teaching in French as Foreign Language courses in Iraqi universities.The lack of noteworthy advances in translation teaching and the implementation of didactic techniques is the result of an imbalance between the program of French departments and the linguistic and didactic skills of the teacher.The interiorization of the target language grammar is one of the principal aims in language didactics. When a translation teacher resorts to an explicit grammar point, does this promote or hinder the interiorization of the grammar? It is necessary that the language and translation teachers pre-service training contains a solid introduction to two metalinguistic models.Despite the increasing number of studies on translation teaching, there is, to our knowledge, no study, especially in Iraq, on didactics of French-Arabic translation to the foreign language learners which could let them acquire translation skills. This work is important for the Iraqi academic system because there was no in-depth study on this matter before. It is necessary for the creation of French- Arabic translation departments in Iraqi universities. Our initiative includes the introduction of the new translation methods in Iraq as the DMA (Defining Matrix Analysis).This work particularly tackles the linguistic difficulties in translation using translations of Iraqi learners at the universities of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriyah. With this in mind, we conducted a survey among teachers of French and students of these universities. The purpose of this work is a reflection which aims to: Entrain the teacher to make linguistic analysis which will help them to become aware of the functioning of their language (in this case Arabic) and the differences of functioning between their language and the source language or the target language (in this case French). This analysis must focus on the functioning of the language and not on the learning or the comparison of the metalanguage or of a linguistic or grammatical theory, even if the tutor himself must have a consistent knowledge of linguistic theories.Make teachers capable of discovering the contradictory, often violent, debates that the traductologie can supply them with the tools that allow them to adopt a critical attitude within these debates.  Instruct teachers to build a translation method with a relatively precise protocol that defines the different steps. Teach them to justify the method they have chosen.

Idiom is the fruit of the minds of mankind in the process of its production activities and life experience. It can figuratively and logically express the ideas of people and the deep meaning of life. Due to the difference in construction between Chinese and Russian idiom units, great importance is attached to the analysis of the features of both the semantic and structural (or formal) construction of both languages, which contributes to the correct understanding of the meanings of idiom units and their accurate translation. At the same time, Chinese and Russian languages contain a large number of digital idiom. These idioms are not only often used in everyday life, but also largely reflect the thinking style, life habits and cultural identity of the nation. In order to propose the correct translation as possible, one must take into account both the culture, history, tradition, customs and manners of the people who speak this translated language, as well as stylistic and expressive colors of the language units themselves, etc. Based on the comparison and analysis of the formation, origin, nature, scope of use and structural characteristics of the Chinese and Russian digital idioms, we have summarized the translation methods based on the translation theory. This is very important for establishing the theory of digital idiom translation methods, and is applied in daily life and literary works. / Фразеологизм является плодом умов человечества в процессе его производственной деятельности и жизненного опыта. Он может образно и логично выражать идеи людей и глубокий смысл жизни. В связи с различием конструкции между китайскими и русскими фразеологическими единицами в работе придаётся большое значение разбору в особенностях как смысловой, так и структурной (или формальной) конструкции обоих языков, что способствует правильному пониманию значений фразеологизмов и их точному переводу. В то же время, китайский и русский языки содержат большое количество фразеологизмов с числительными. Эти фразеологизмы не только часто используются в повседневной жизни, но также в значительной степени отражают стиль мышления, жизненные привычки и культурную самобытность нации. Чтобы предложить как можно правильный перевод, нужно учитывать как культуру, историю, традицию, обычаи и нравы народа, владеющего данным переводимым языком, так и стилистические и экспрессивные окраски самих языковых единиц и др. При сопоставлении и анализе формирования, происхождения, характера, сферы употребления и особенностей конструкций китайских и русских фразеологизмов с числительными, а также с учетом теории перевода, работа обобщила и подытожила правила перевода, обосновала наилучший, как нам представляется, метод перевода фразеологизмов с числительными с китайского языка на русский, что будет иметь большое значение как для создания теории по переводу фразеологизмов с числительными, и будет находить практическое применение в переводе как устной речи, так и литературных произведений.