Typescript, etc. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

nÃo hà / A traduÃÃo juramentada mostrou-se presente no Brasil desde o perÃodo colonial, mantendo estreita relaÃÃo com a interpretaÃÃo de lÃnguas orais, como aponta Wyler (2003). A partir dos anos 1950, a interpretaÃÃo passou a ser objeto de estudos e pesquisas na Ãrea de LinguÃstica e, posteriormente, de Estudos da TraduÃÃo. Para categorizar essa atividade, autores como Mikkelson (1999), Pagura (2002) e PÃchhacker (2004) lanÃam mÃo de diferentes critÃrios, tais como os contextos em que a interpretaÃÃo à realizada e o modo de trabalho a que recorrem os profissionais da Ãrea. Com base nessas premissas, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo delinear o perfil da formaÃÃo em interpretaÃÃo dos Tradutores PÃblicos e IntÃrpretes Comerciais (TPIC) no Estado do CearÃ, de modo a constatar possÃveis lacunas nesse campo e por que motivos ocorreriam. Para atingir este objetivo, primeiramente foi traÃado um breve panorama histÃrico do ofÃcio de TPIC no Brasil, seguido de um relato sobre as alteraÃÃes na legislaÃÃo referente à atuaÃÃo dos profissionais dessa Ãrea no paÃs. Para realizar o levantamento dos dados, foram aplicados questionÃrios on-line aos TPICs do Estado do Cearà com perguntas referentes especificamente à sua atuaÃÃo como intÃrpretes e à sua possÃvel formaÃÃo na Ãrea de interpretaÃÃo (consecutiva, simultÃnea, sussurrada etc.). Houve uma alta taxa de resposta, correspondendo a 62,26% dos respondentes. Mediante a anÃlise e a avaliaÃÃo dos dados obtidos, foi possÃvel observar, entre outros aspectos, que a maior parte dos TPICs do Cearà nÃo possuem formaÃÃo em intepretaÃÃo, correspondendo a 81,8% dos respondentes; 75,8% afirmaram jà ter exercido a funÃÃo de intÃrprete em uma das modalidades mencionadas anteriormente; e 51,5% julga a formaÃÃo na Ãrea relevante para o exercÃcio da profissÃo. Com relaÃÃo Ãs respostas dos informantes que responderam Ãs consideraÃÃes especÃficas, 12% indicaram falta de treinamento/formaÃÃo dos TPICs e 37% ressaltaram a necessidade de treinamento/formaÃÃo para esses profissionais. Duas formas de sanar essa situaÃÃo consistiriam na mudanÃa da estrutura das provas orais, que completassem as modalidades de interpretaÃÃo utilizadas pelo intÃrprete em sua prÃtica profissional, bem como na promoÃÃo de cursos voltados para este pÃblico alvo, promovidos por universidades pÃblicas ou pela prÃpria Junta Comercial. / Sworn translation was present in Brazil since the colonial period, keeping close relations with interpreting of oral languages, as Wyler (2003) points out. From the 1950s on, interpreting started to be the object of studies and research in the field of Linguistics and subsequently Translation Studies. In order to categorize this activity, authors such as Mikkelson (1999), Pagura (2002) and PÃchhacker (2004) made use of different criteria, for instance, the contexts in which interpreting is accomplished and the working mode the professionals in this area resort to. In light of this context, the present work aims at delineating the profile regarding the qualification in interpreting of the sworn translators in the state of CearÃ, as a way to determine deficiencies, if there are any, and for what reasons they would exist. In order to achieve this goal, a historical panorama of the profession in Brazil was outlined, followed by a report about the alterations in the legislation referring to the practice of the professionals from this area in the country. To accomplish the collecting of data, online questionnaires were applied with the translators with questions specifically related to their work as interpreters and to their qualification in the area of interpreting (consecutive, simultaneous, chuchotage, etc.). There was a high rate of answers, corresponding to 62,26% of the sworn translators in the state. The analysis and evaluation of the obtained data enabled to observe, among other aspects, that most of the sworn translators in Cearà do not have a professional training in interpreting, corresponding to 81,8% of the answers; 75,8% declared having already worked as an interpreter using one of the working modes previously mentioned; and 51,5% considers the qualification in the area a relevant factor to exercise the profession. When it comes to the answers of the interviewed translators who left additional comments at the questionnaire, 12% highlighted the lack of training/qualification of the sworn translators and 37% emphasized the necessity of training/qualification for these professionals. Two ways of improving this condition would consist in changing the structure of the oral exams, so that they would comprise the working modes used by interpreters in their professional practice and promoting courses directed to this target-audience, promoted by public universities or by the Commercial Board of Cearà itself.

We present the high level (VHDL) modeling and high level synthesis of an ASIC (TOUR NAVIGATOR) for a portable hand held device - a tour guide. The tour guide is based on location-aware mobile computing, which gives the information of the current location to the user. The TOUR NAVIGATOR designed in this work is interfaced with off-the-shelf components to realise the tour guide system. The current location is given by an on-board GPS receiver chip. The TOUR NAVIGATOR is a search and play module which interfaces with the flash memory, GPS receiver and the audio codec. The functionality of the TOUR NAVIGATOR is to search the flash memory for audio data corresponding to the current GPS co-ordinate, which is an input to the TOUR NAVIGATOR. The look-up table containing the GPS coordinates and the corresponding audio files are loaded into the flash memory, where in each GPS entry in the table is indexed by the co-ordinates, and an audio file that contains information about the locations is associated with it. When there is a match, the audio file is streamed to the codec. The functionality of the interface of the TOUR NAVIGATOR with the memory module is verified at the RTL using Cadence-NCLaunch. The layout implementation of the TOUR NAVIGATOR is done using an automatic place and route tool (Silicon Ensemble), which uses standard cells for the entire design. Leakage power reduction is done by introducing sleep transistors in the standard cells. The TOUR NAVIGATOR is put into a "sleep" mode when there is no operation of the tour guide, thus giving significant power savings.

The thesis explores the nature of the difficulties involved in translating legal texts, focusing mainly on translating English legal texts into Arabic. It shows that these difficulties fall into two categories, structural and terminological. the latter being more problematical. The language of law is distinct, rigid, precise and too formal. The difficulty arises when a translator's exposure to the cultural and legal environments of his working languages is unbalanced. This could lead a translator to misunderstand not only the significance of the specialised terms used, but also the distinctive features of syntax and register of the original language text. The other, and more significant, difficulty arises from the lack of equivalence at the term level in the two languages. The research was conducted in two parts. In the first part, original legal texts in both English and Arabic were analysed, and the linguistic exponents extracted and compared. In the second part of the research, the development process of the English and Arabic legal terminology were considered, and the differences in terminology imposed by the different nature of the legal environments explored, including the adversarial versus inquisitorial systems. An empirical study concludes the thesis. It consists of a questionnaire and a list of legal terms which twenty translators were asked to complete. The results of the research are quite controversial. The argument is that difficulties involved in legal translations are more conceived than real in so far as textual, syntactic and structural features are concerned. The similarities between English and Arabic legal texts in this respect are striking. The confusion and indecisiveness which usually reign when translating English legal texts into Arabic will be alleviated through providing examples from contemporary Arabic legal texts, accompanied by textual and linguistic analyses. The real difficulty is in the field of terminology. However, a corpus of terms in the criminal code is discussed, focusing on terms with direct application to the Australian situation. This should be of direct benefit to Arabic translators and interpreters in Australia and other English-speaking countries. / Master of Arts (Hons) (Translation)

Bibliography: leaves [238]-244.

<p>Recognising and estimating gestures is a fundamental aspect towards translating from a sign language to a spoken language. It is a challenging problem and at the same time, a growing phenomenon in Computer Vision. This thesis presents two approaches, an example-based and a learning-based approach, for performing integrated detection, segmentation and 3D estimation of the human upper body from a single camera view. It investigates whether an upper body pose can be estimated from a database of exemplars with labelled poses. It also investigates whether an upper body pose can be estimated using skin feature extraction, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and a 3D human body model. The example-based and learning-based approaches obtained success rates of 64% and 88%, respectively. An analysis of the two approaches have shown that, although the learning-based system generally performs better than the example-based system, both approaches are suitable to recognise and estimate upper body poses in a South African sign language recognition and translation system.</p>

<p>Recognising and estimating gestures is a fundamental aspect towards translating from a sign language to a spoken language. It is a challenging problem and at the same time, a growing phenomenon in Computer Vision. This thesis presents two approaches, an example-based and a learning-based approach, for performing integrated detection, segmentation and 3D estimation of the human upper body from a single camera view. It investigates whether an upper body pose can be estimated from a database of exemplars with labelled poses. It also investigates whether an upper body pose can be estimated using skin feature extraction, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and a 3D human body model. The example-based and learning-based approaches obtained success rates of 64% and 88%, respectively. An analysis of the two approaches have shown that, although the learning-based system generally performs better than the example-based system, both approaches are suitable to recognise and estimate upper body poses in a South African sign language recognition and translation system.</p>

This thesis developed a new markup language based on eXtensible Markup Language (XML), named as the Unified Programming Markup Language (UPML), which represents an abstraction of programming techniques of popular programming languages, and is used to store the programming semantic information of various programming languages. UPML aims to provide a general software quality analysis platform and as a gateway to translate programs between high-level programming languages. This research created and analyzed the features of UPML and concluded that UPML may have advantages over the traditional and newly appeared methods in software quality analysis and programming language translation. As the proof of concept in building such a software analysis and translation system, this research developed a PHP to UPML transformer. Execution examples showed its correctness of working in the core programming area of popular programming techniques, structure programming (SP) and object-oriented programming (OOP). The PHP implementation can be easily applied to other programming languages that support the same programming techniques. Since UPML is extensible, languages of other programming paradigms beyond the SP and OOP can be easily added. / Related work -- Analysis of programming languages and programming techniques -- Implementation of UPML -- Implementation of a PHP to UPML transformer -- Examples of execution. / Department of Computer Science

Bibliography: leaves 170-175. / xvi, 220 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / This thesis analyses the development of a Generic, Non-standard Specific Information Flow System which enables computer users to select data which is to be shared in a company and store it in a common database from which it can be accessed by anyone in the company. A Generic Database Management System is developed to control the data storage and retrieval processes. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1996

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, 1985. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [238]-244).