Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilken inverkan försörjningskravet har på familjers möjlighet gällande att återförenas i Sverige och vilka konsekvenserna blir av att tvingas leva ofrivlligt splittrad från sin familj på grund av en restriktiv migrationspolitik. Vidare undersöker studien hur ett teoretiskt perspektiv på familjesplittring kan bidra till att till att identifiera behovet av stöd under separationen och i förlängning utveckla det sociala arbetet avseende gruppen splittrade. Det empiriska materialet utgår ifrån en kvalitativ ansats och består av fem intervjuer med civilsamhälleliga aktörer som jobbat med personer som lever splittrade från sina familjer på grund av den rådande migrationspolitiken och empirin har analyserats ur ett intersektionellt och transnationellt perspektiv.  Resultatet har visat att försörjningskravet präglas av samhällets exkluderande och inkluderande mekanismer vilket gör det svårt för personer med flyktingbakgrund att nå upp till kravet och därmed få återförenas med sin familj. Att tvingas leva ofrivilligt splittrad från sin familj har visat sig en negativ inverkan på den psykiska hälsan, integrationen samt relationerna inom familjen. Studien visar hur oron för familjen genomsyrar individernas liv och hur stressen av att nå upp till kravet är påtaglig vilket även hämmar den integration regeringen menar försörjningskravet ska resultera i. Analysen av empirin har utifrån de valda teoretiska ansatserna visat på ett behov av stöd bland gruppen splittrade som inte identifierats av välfärdsstatens organisationer och det sociala arbetet. / The purpose of the study is to investigate what impact the maintenance requirement has on refugee families' ability to reunite in Sweden and what the consequences of being forced to live involuntarily separated from their family due to a restrictive migration policy are. Furthermore, the study examines how a theoretical perspective on family separation can contribute to identifying the need for support during the separation and in the long run develop the social work regarding the affected members of the family. The empirical material is based on a qualitative approach and consists of five interviews with civil society actors who have worked with people living involuntarily separated from their families due to the current migration policy and the empirical data have been analyzed from an intersectional and transnational perspective. The results have shown that the maintenance requirement is characterized by society's exclusive and inclusive mechanisms, which makes it difficult for people with a refugee background to reach the requirement and thus be reunited with their family. Being forced to live involuntarily separated from one's family has been shown to have a negative impact on mental health, integration and family relationships. The study shows how concern for the family permeates the lives of individuals and how the stress of reaching the requirement is palpable, which also hampers the integration the government believes the maintenance requirement should result in. Based on the chosen theoretical approaches, the analysis of the empirical data has shown a need for support among the group of people having been separated which has not been identified by organizations and civil society actors in the welfare state.

By caring for children, the elders and the ill, care workers are fundamental for the global economy and for peoples’ well-being. As confirmed in this thesis, the majority of domestic workers are migrant women. Historically, however, women’s work has been unpaid, considered unproductive, and the significance of (migrant) women’s care work has widely been ignored in state policies. Arguing that migration research has overlooked the gender-migration- development nexus, the aim of this thesis was to examine the Filipino-American care chain. Through a feminist and intersectional perspective, this study showed how the creation of Filipino women as “natural caregivers” reproduce stereotypical images of female migrants as “others”. This paper was based on material gathering from a mixed method, and also demonstrated how care is organised around remittances and transnational parenting. Finally, this thesis concluded that the unequal distribution of care work is dependent on young women migrant workers taking on care and household responsibilities.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the transnational family relationships of Czech pre-1989 political émigrés and post-1989 love/ economic migrants in Sweden and their homeland-based relatives, by looking at the practices via which these relationships are initiated and maintained and the role of materiality in these practices. The theoretical framework builds on the notion of “transnationalism from below” as a perspective which intersects migration and family studies, and posits the focus on material culture as an effective analytical tool. After setting the research in the context of Czech and Czechoslovak migration in the 20th century, qualitative analysis of life history narratives and ethnographic interviews is used to investigate the topic in question. Considering the influence of historical and individual factors, the study identifies the parallels and divergences in the two migrant groups’ practices of long-distance communication and mutual visits and in their attitudes to the role of materiality in transnational family relationships. The thesis concludes by stating that in contrast to the pre-1989 émigrés, the post-1989 migrants’ transnational connections with the homeland-based kin are more frequent and intensive. While material aspects play a more significant role in the post-1989 migrants’ transnational family relationships, material differences are more pronounced in the pre-1989 émigrés’ relationships. The historical circumstances of migration, the individuals’ perceptions of their own acts of migration as voluntary or forced and the question of whether or not they were given a license to leave by their homeland-based kin are said to have a significant impact on relationship initiation, the practices of relationship maintenance and the inherent role of materiality. The importance of individual-level enquiry of the migration experience is thus emphasized.

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Cette thèse souligne l'importance des aspects affectifs et relationnels de la migration pour les Colombiens migrants vivant à Montréal, qui s’occupent de leur famille transnationale, tout en refaisant leur foyer et en élaborant leur projet de vie. L’accent est mis particulièrement sur les dimensions vécues et émotionnelles de la migration, ce afin de proposer une perspective nuancée de la migration en tant que réalité incarnée. Ma recherche offre un aperçu des motivations personnelles et des processus décisionnels impliqués dans le mouvement transnational des migrants colombiens, reconnaissant, comme le suggère la littérature ethnographique, que les décisions des migrants transnationaux de vivre leur vie au-delà des frontières nationales ne sont jamais purement politiques ou économiques. En effet, les migrants se déplacent dans les limites imposées par les structures politiques, économiques, et sociales. Cependant, ces réalités sont équilibrées et contrebalancées dans la sphère de la vie domestique et affective, dans des intimités partagées en famille et d'autres facteurs qui dépassent la portée des politiques gouvernementales ou des fluctuations des marches du travail mondial. Ainsi, l'accent mis sur l’expérience vécue et sur la nature ambiguë et incertaine des émotions de la famille transnationale met en évidence des processus de migration transnationale en constante évolution. Mon analyse s'appuie sur une approche centrée sur l'expérience, et l'attention est principalement portée sur le corps, en tant que site de culture. Pour cette raison, la participation sensuelle et les expériences incarnées, comme manger et marcher, occupent une place privilégiée dans l'étude. Je fournis une description détaillée des expériences vécues et des émotions ressenties par les Colombiens qui ont émigré à Montréal. Ce faisant, je tente de donner une image plus complète de la migration telle qu'elle est vécue par ses principaux acteurs et de la migration colombienne en particulier. / This thesis highlights the importance of the affective and relational aspects of migration for Montréal-based Colombian migrants as they care at a distance for their transnational families while remaking their homes and crafting life projects. In particular, the focus is on the lived and emotional dimensions of migration, which allows a nuanced perspective on migration as an embodied reality. My research offers insights into the personal motivations and decision-making processes involved in transnational movement, recognizing, as the ethnographic literature suggests, that transnational migrants’ decisions to live their lives across national frontiers are never purely political or economic. Indeed, migrants do move within the limits imposed by political, economic, and social structures. However, these realities are counterbalanced within the domestic and affective life sphere by shared intimacies and other factors that extend beyond the reach of government policies or fluctuations in global labour markets. Thus, the emphasis on lived experiences and on the ambiguous and uncertain nature of the emotions of the transnational family highlights ever-changing processes involved in transnational migration that are not always taken into account in the academic literature. My analysis draws on an experience-centred approach, and attention is given primarily to the body as a site of culture. Consequently, sensorial participation and embodied experiences, such as eating and walking are given a privileged place in the study. I provide a detailed description of the lived experiences and felt emotions of Colombians who have migrated to Montréal. In so doing, I attempt to give a more complete picture of migration as lived by its principal actors and of Colombian migration in particular. / Esta tesis destaca la importancia que los lazos afectivos pueden llegar a tener para algunos migrantes colombianos radicados en Montréal, los cuales a la vez que mantienen lazos afectivos con sus familias transnacionales, rehacen sus hogares imaginan y planean un mejor futuro. El énfasis en la dimensión emocional y cotidiana de la migración nos ofrece una visión de la migración como realidad corporal. Mi investigación ahonda en las motivaciones personales y los procesos de toma de decisiones que intervienen en el movimiento transnacional, reconociendo, como sugiere la literatura etnográfica, que las decisiones tomadas por las migrantes transnacionales de vivir sus vidas a través de fronteras nacionales, nunca son puramente políticas o económicas. De hecho, los migrantes se mueven dentro de las estructuras políticas, económicas y sociales. Sin embargo, estas realidades se equilibran y contrarrestan en la esfera de la vida doméstica y afectiva, en las intimidades compartidas en familia y otros factores que se extienden más allá del alcance de las políticas gubernamentales o las fluctuaciones de los mercados laborales mundiales. Así pues, el énfasis en las experiencias vividas y en el carácter ambiguo e incierto de las emociones de la familia transnacional pone de relieve los procesos siempre cambiantes que conlleva la migración transnacional y que no siempre son tenidos en cuenta. Mi análisis se basa en un enfoque centrado en la experiencia, y se centra principalmente en el cuerpo como lugar de cultura. A su vez, la participación sensorial y las experiencias corporales, como comer y caminar, ocupan un lugar privilegiado en el estudio. Proporciono una descripción detallada de las experiencias vividas y las emociones sentidas por los colombianos que emigraron a Montréal. Con ello, trato de dar una imagen más completa de la migración tal como la vivieron sus principales actores y de la migración colombiana en particular.

The PhD thesis "Russian Speaking Students (from Russia and Kazakhstan) in the Czech Republic: Educational Migration and the Role of the Family in it", examines the life of Russian speaking students, who come to the Czech Republic to obtain a university degree. It tries to answer several research questions. How is the decision taken to come to the Czech Republic? What kind of role does family play in the decision-making process and in further intentions/plans in the Czech Republic? What are the migration strategies of Russian speaking students in the Czech Republic? How do these strategies change over time? What connections exist between the life cycle of the student and the migration process? This is an anthropological, multisite field research, with participant observation being the core research method. As of 2015, 55 student research participants participated in the research (41 from Russia and 14 from Kazakhstan), with whom formal and informal interviews were made. Transnationalism and migration system theory have been used as theoretical concepts so as to better understand the student migration process.

The PhD thesis "Russian Speaking Students (from Russia and Kazakhstan) in the Czech Republic: Educational Migration and the Role of the Family in it", examines the life of Russian speaking students, who come to the Czech Republic to obtain a university degree. It tries to answer several research questions. How is the decision taken to come to the Czech Republic? What kind of role does family play in the decision-making process and in further intentions/plans in the Czech Republic? What are the migration strategies of Russian speaking students in the Czech Republic? How do these strategies change over time? What connections exist between the life cycle of the student and the migration process? This is an anthropological, multisite field research, with participant observation being the core research method. As of 2015, 55 student research participants participated in the research (41 from Russia and 14 from Kazakhstan), with whom formal and informal interviews were made. Transnationalism and migration system theory have been used as theoretical concepts so as to better understand the student migration process.