On March 29, 2017, after ten years with a Presidential moratorium on metallic mining in the country, the Salvadoran legislature voted to permanently ban the practice. Based on semi-structured interviews with activists, academics, and journalists, this study builds on the literature explores the contributions of the Salvadoran diaspora in Canada to the passage of the moratorium, and ultimately the ban. I discuss numerous types of contributions: coalition building involving various allies, communication and education initiatives, taking a position as members of the diaspora, and engagements with politicians in both Canada and El Salvador. I provide further context to the case by discussing both contextual elements and mobilization strategies relating to the mining justice movement in El Salvador, contextual elements that help make sense of the engagements of the Salvadoran diaspora in Canada in the movement, and challenges Salvadoran Canadians encountered while engaging in the movement. I conduct my analysis in three parts. The first outlines contributions to the transnationalism literature, the second details the results of a discourse analysis of my interview transcripts, and the third sketches contributions to the framing literature.

The thesis takes a reflexive feminist and sensory approach in examining the transnational practices and feelings of cultural familiarity that embody international student migrants, as well as the spatial and social implications of shared kitchen environments. Empirically, the research is based in participatory cook- and eat-along interviews, and a focus group dinner session with six student participants, situating both the researcher and the participants within the sensorial realm of food practices during the fieldwork. The thesis discusses the compromises and negotiations that food practices undergo through material accessibility, geographical knowledges and expectations in crosscultural interactions, causing reconstructions and reinterpretations of daily routines and transnational feelings. Further, the thesis engages reflexively with the embodied situatedness of the researcher and its influence on the results produced throughout the research process. The research highlight the importance of a reflexive approach in sensorial research and emphasize how the sensorial perspective on mundane everyday practices contribute to an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of migrants. The research findings in relation to the methodological approach, suggest benefits in further fieldwork with an interactive approach of cooking and eating simultaneously to the reflexive interview interaction.

O presente trabalho estuda a atuação de organizações da sociedade civil brasileiras no Mercosul por meio de uma dupla estratégia: o uso de repertórios tradicionais de protesto/mobilização social e participação em canais institucionais de diálogo. A revisão da literatura mostra que estas duas dimensões da ação têm sido tratadas de forma fragmentada em grande parte das contribuições teóricas sobre o tema. A partir do estudo da atuação de de organizações da sociedade civil no tema da integração regional, os objetivos deste trabalho são compreender como mobilizam simultaneamente estas duas estratégias e, desta forma, contribuir com o debate na área sobre o transnacionalismo e a influência de atores não estatais no campo das Relações Internacionais. / This thesis studies the activities of Brazilian civil society organizations in Mercosur through a dual strategy: the use of traditional repertoires of protest/social mobilization and participation in institutional channels for dialogue. The literature review shows that these two dimensions of action have been treated in a fragmented way in much of the theoretical work on the issue. Based on the activities of social actors in the regional integration process, the goals of this research are to understand how these actors simultaneously mobilize those strategies, and thus to contribute to the debate on transnationalism and the influence of non-state actors in the International Relations field.

In the past two decades the tendency to view migrant communities as victimized, without agency, or oppressed has been challenged by the new rhetoric of "Diaspora". The recent formation of Diaspora movements globally suggests that these groups of migrants are not just financial remitters but are organized, visible collectives that influence the geo-political status quo in many ways. ... Utilizing qualitative methodology in conjunction with the analytical lenses of social movement theory and the rhetoric of movements, the study addresses the gaps in the literature on Diasporas by exploring the factors that contributed to the formation of the Jamaican Diaspora during the years 1962 to 2011. ... Moving even beyond our conceptualization of movements, this study also connects Diasporas to the notion of publics. Migrant communities, like the Jamaican Diaspora, negotiate global and local terrains, operate as self-organized publics and form new public spaces in which a common identity goal and imagination connects and motivates strangers. / by Nadja Johnson. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Esta pesquisa é o resultado das observações de caráter etnográfico sobre um recorte proposto para um quadro específico de circulação migratória transnacional. A partir da abordagem de um caso específico, a emigração é tomada de diversas escalas de análise, mas com ênfase sobre os modos pelos quais ela é produzida e significada na esfera lo-cal. O quadro enfocado remete aos movimentos sazonais de afastamento e retorno dos emigrantes da aldeia de Vilas Boas, no interior nordeste de Portugal. Procurei seguir os agentes pelos seus deslocamentos entre o contexto de partida e os contextos de destino para os quais rumaram, sem por isso perder de vista a aldeia como foco de seu interesse e da participação social. A maior parte do trabalho de campo, no entanto, se deu no con-texto de retorno massivo dos emigrantes para a aldeia para a ocasião de celebração da festa religiosa local. Nesse contexto são observadas as diferentes maneiras pelas quais as o contingente emigrante se relaciona com o grupo que reside na aldeia, bem como os modos pelos quais constroem sua participação na festa e na vida social local. Trata-se, portanto, de uma reflexão sobre práticas que sustentam transnacionalmente relações sociais e as atualizam no reencontro ocasionado pelo retorno. / This research is the result of ethnographic observations about a proposed cut to a partic-ular frame of transnational migratory movement. From the approach of a specific case, emigration is taken from different scales of analysis, but with emphasis on the ways in which it is produced and meant at the local level. The frame refers to the seasonal movements focused on departure and return of emigrants from the village of Vilas Bo-as, northeast of Portugal. I seek to follow the agents for their displacements between the context of departure and destination contexts for which they headed, without losing the perspective of the village as the focus of interest in social participation of agents. Most of the field work, however, occurred in the context of massive return of migrants to the village for the celebration of a religious festival site. In this context are observed the different ways in which the emigrant group relates to the people residing in the village as well as the ways in which their participation in making the party and the local social life. It is, therefore, a reflection on practices that sustain social relations transnationally and update the reunion caused by return.

Diferentes organizações sociais no interior dos Estados-nação modernos, confrontadas com o aprofundamento e a diversificação dos processos de globalização contemporâneos, buscaram redefinir seus papéis, modos de atuação e percepções sobre a pertença à nação. Esta tese investiga processos de construção identitária ligados a migrações internacionais e, mais especificamente, a relações transnacionais entre organizações nacionalistas e emigrantes. Apresenta-se como objetivo a análise do discurso nacionalista hindu contemporâneo sobre a emigração, elaborado a partir da sociedade de origem, a Índia, concentrando-se no modo como processos nacionais influenciam a construção de identidades transnacionais. Para tanto, examina-se o processo de (re)construção da identidade hindu como uma identidade transnacional, por uma organização nacionalista específica: o Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (Organização Nacional de Voluntários, RSS), atuante na Índia e em sociedades com quantidades significativas de migrantes indianos. Concentrou-se na análise do discurso oficial da Organização Nacional de Voluntários, ou seja, no exame de livros e panfletos publicados pelo grupo nacionalista hindu em questão. A pesquisa documental foi realizada durante o período de trabalho de campo na Índia (entre dezembro de 2010 e maio de 2011), principalmente em arquivos mantidos pela Organização, em Nova Déli. Os documentos nacionalistas hindus selecionados para análise podem ser divididos em duas categorias: narrativas sobre a nação hindu que tratam parcialmente do tema da emigração e discursos sobre a emigração propriamente dita. Em ambas as categorias de textos, verifica-se a ocorrência de: (i) reelaboração de percepções sobre a emigração (de modo mais específico, a construção de imagens positivas da emigração e dos emigrantes); ii) (re)construção de vínculos simbólicos com os emigrantes (ou seja, a reformulação da noção de pertença à comunidade nacional, com vistas à incorporação do emigrante nas narrativas sobre a nação). O exame dos processos de construção identitária empreendidos pela organização nacionalista em questão revela-se crucial para a análise da própria criação de canais institucionais que pretendem efetivar os vínculos simbólicos entre sociedade de emigração e emigrantes, uma vez que a formação de filiais ultramarinas, pela Organização Nacional de Voluntários, foi legitimada e estimulada pelo discurso nacionalista hindu sobre a emigração. Ademais, a análise realizada evidencia que a (re)construção de vínculos transnacionais entre a pátria e seus emigrantes, por organizações não estatais na sociedade de origem, promove a transnacionalização dos próprios ideários nacionalistas formulado por tais organizações. A representação da identidade hindu como uma identidade transnacional, a vincular indianos residentes na Índia ou no exterior a uma unidade sociocultural ampliada, o Grande Hindustão, implica, nesse sentido: i) a afirmação da predominância da noção de pertença à pátria hindu sobre outras identificações possíveis, entre os emigrantes; ii) a tentativa de reterritorialização das relações transnacionais entre as partes, isto é, a caracterização da sociedade indiana como o centro de redes transnacionais construídas ao longo de processos de emigração. / Distinct social organizations within modern nation-states seek to redefine their roles, strategies and perceptions of nationhood as contemporary globalization processes deepen. This thesis examines the construction of cultural identities in contexts significantly affected by international migrations. More precisely, we investigate transnational relations between nationalist organizations and emigrants. Since our objective is analyzing contemporary Hindu nationalist discourse on emigration, which is elaborated within the sending-society, India, we focus on the influence of national processes over the construction of transnational identities. In this connection, we examine the process of (re)construction of Hindu identity as a transnational identity by a particular nationalist organization: Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (National Volunteer Organization, RSS), active in India and in receiving-societies with significant amounts of Indian migrants. We concentrate on the analysis of the official discourse of National Volunteers Organization, that is, on the exam of books and pamphlets published by such Hindu nationalist organization. Documentary research was done in India, from December, 2010 to May, 2011. Hindu nationalist documents selected for analysis can be divided in two categories: narratives on Hindu nation only partially related to emigration matters, and discourses on emigration properly speaking. Both categories highlight: (i) the reinterpretation of perceptions of emigration (more precisely, the construction of positive images of emigrants and emigration); ii) the (re)construction of symbolic linkages with emigrants (i.e. the reformulation of the idea of national belongingness, in order to include the emigrant in national narratives). The investigation of processes of identity construction, undertaken by the RSS, is crucial to the analysis of the very creation of institutional channels that intend to realize the symbolic linkages between sending-society and emigrants, once the foundation of Hindu nationalist overseas branches was legitimated and encouraged by the organizations discourse on emigration. Moreover, the analysis presented in this thesis reveals that the (re)construction of linkages with emigrants, from the homeland, furthers the transnationalization of nationalist ideologies. Thus, the representation of Hindu identity as a transnational identity, linking resident and non-resident Indians to a broad sociocultural entity, the Great Hindusthan, implies: i) the assertion of prevalence of the belongingness to the Hindu nation over alternative identifications constructed by the emigrants; ii) the attempt of reterritorialization of transnational relations between the parts, that is, the intention of depicting Indian society as the core of transnational networks formed during emigration processes.

The thesis deals with the nature and the causes of the Czech migration into Ireland. Globalization, the available information and communication technologies and in general more accessible forms of transportation allow millions of people to effectuate their migration plans. From the historical point of view, migration is not unknown to Czech people. The goal of the thesis is to investigate the form and type of Czech migration into Ireland and to understand the causes and reasons of this migration and, if possible, determine whether the Czechs are transmigrants. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the integration of Czech people into the Irish job market and other areas of the life of Irish society. To achieve this, both quantitative and qualitative methods are used. The thesis aims to bring a compact portrayal of migration and integration of the chosen sample of the Czech immigrants into Ireland. Additionally, the thesis elicits particular underlying factors of integration and migration. Key words: Work migration, migration motivation of Czechs, integration, job market assertion, social integration, remittance, integration rate 2

Après la Shoah, l'aide matérielle et le soutien moral des Juifs des Etats-Unis jouent un rôle considérable dans la reconstruction du monde juif en Europe. Cette vaste entreprise philanthropique se manifeste aussi bien de façon unifiée que par l’intermédiaire de réseaux plus ciblés, chaque pan du monde juif des Etats-Unis souhaitant secourir les siens et œuvrer de manière indépendante à la pérennité de sa vision particulière de la judaïcité. C’est dans ce cadre que les socialistes juifs américains du Jewish Labor Committee, organisation antinazie créée à New York en 1934, se tournent vers les rescapés du monde yiddish non-communiste et plus particulièrement vers ceux résidant en France, majoritairement concentrés dans et autour de la capitale. Paris, ville vers laquelle affluent à la fin des années 1940 des milliers de survivants de la Shoah, dont nombre de transitaires en route vers des destinations outre-mer, représente alors un des lieux d’espoir pour l’épanouissement de leur culture minoritaire. L’étude de cas de l’intervention du Jewish Labor Committee en France de 1944 à 1948 présente la singularité des préoccupations des bundistes et des socialistes de culture yiddish à la sortie du génocide et au début de la guerre froide. Elle observe l’évolution de leurs idées comme leurs efforts et doutes pour affronter les défis de l’après-guerre et perpétuer leur projet politique et culturel national hors de leur territoire d’origine en Europe orientale. Pour approfondir ces thématiques, cette recherche met en perspective le monde yiddish avec les mondes juif et non-juif, socialiste et syndical, qui l’environnent. Etant le cadre de vastes échanges de courriers, d’informations, d’hommes, de biens matériels et d'argent entre les Etats-Unis et la France, l’action du Jewish Labor Committee se prête à l’analyse de l’interaction entre des immigrés situés dans deux pôles d’une migration divergente. Inspirée par les recherches sur le transnationalisme des primo-immigrés, cette étude transpose les questions de circulations entre les frontières et de négociations entre deux environnements nationaux dans le cas d’acteurs se tournant non pas vers leur pays d’origine mais vers un autre centre de leur diaspora. Appréhendée via cette rencontre entre socialistes juifs aux Etats-Unis et en France, une telle approche transnationale amène à questionner les degrés de proximité entre deux centres de la « diaspora yiddish » au lendemain de la destruction. / In the aftermath of the Holocaust, the material aid and moral support provided by the Jews of the United States played a considerable role in the reconstruction of European Jewry. This wide philanthropic undertaking was implemented through several completementary channels: the major, inclusive and unified relief of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee was supplemented by smaller networks of aid. If communal action was indeed necessary and efficient, each part of the Jewish world of the United States was willing to rescue its kin and to act independently to ensure the continuance of its own meaning of Jewishness. Within this frame, American Jewish Socialists of the Jewish Labor Committee, an anti-Nazi organizaton created in New York in 1934, supported the survivors of the non-Communist Yiddish world. Thousands of Holocaust survivors headed to Paris in the late 1940s, many staying in transit before leaving for their final destinations overseas. At that time, this European metropolis represented a place of hope for the fulfilment of their minority culture. The Jewish Labor Committee thus significantly concentrated on those survivors settled in France, who for the most part lived in or around the French capital. This study of the Jewish Labor Committee in France from 1944 to 1948 describes the concerns Bundists and Jewish Socialists of Yiddish culture faced in the aftermath of the genocide and the early Cold War period. Focusing on the inner circles of those actors as well as their interaction with the different Jewish and political groups which surrounded them, I question how they responded to the stakes of the postwar years and how they worked to perpetuate their political and cultural project outside of their communities of origin in Eastern Europe. The action of the Jewish Labor Committee in postwar France required considerable exchanges: of letters, information, people, material goods and money. These exchanges provide the resources for an analysis of the interaction of immigrants settled in two centers of a divergent migration. Inspired by research on transnationalism among first-generation immigrants, this study explores the movement of ideas and people across frontiers and the negotiation between two national contexts. If such questions are usually applied to migrants’ connections to their country of origin, I adapt them in the context of connections of migrants with another center of their diaspora. In the case of this encounter between Jewish Socialists in the United States and France, such a transnational approach leads me to evaluate the degrees of proximity between these two centers of the « Yiddish diaspora » in the aftermath of destruction.

Cette thèse porte sur un phénomène actuel d'intérêt social et sociologique, influencé par la crise économique et financière mondiale, qui a débuté en 2008. La recherche vise à identifier les stratégies de réalisation du projet migratoire temporaire construit sur la base de critères de carrière professionnelle (passée, présente et future) de la population espagnole récemment installée à Toulouse (France). En résumé, les stratégies d'organisation du processus de mobilité sont le produit d'une succession de situations d'interaction, qui contribuent à construire et à activer une série d'informations utiles qui permettent d'accéder à des ressources concrètes pour trouver un emploi et résider dans un nouveau contexte.Le processus de mobilité explique la diversité des formes d'insertion sociale, l'accès à l'âge adulte et la stabilisation relationnelle de la population. Ces stratégies relationnelles transnationales sont en constante construction et transformation, en tant que processus impliqué dans les interactions et les milieux sociaux auxquels les personnes participent, sans oublier le contexte structurel rencontré par ces personnes. Ainsi, les liens interpersonnels transnationaux nous permettent de discerner l'émergence d'espaces collectifs de partage et de groupes sociaux qui expliquent les structures de sociabilité et de soutien social. La présence d'individus dans des groupes transnationaux forme leurs réseaux personnels et affecte la stabilisation relationnelle de ces personnes dans leurs lieux de résidence.Cet ensemble d'influences réciproques entre réseaux personnels plus ou moins stabilisés, les relations identifiées dans le stade initial de la migration et l'interaction entre les relations personnelles qui génèrent des collectifs de sociabilité transnationale, contribuent à l'explication des phénomènes d'expatriation et de migration de travail abordés dans cette thèse. / This thesis deals with a current phenomenon of social and sociological interest, influenced by the global economic and financial crisis, which began in 2008. The research aims to identify strategies for the implementation of the temporary migration project based on career criteria (past, present and future) of the Spanish population recently settled in Toulouse (France). In summary, strategies to organize the mobility process are the product of a succession of transnational interaction situations which help to construct and activate useful information that provides access to concrete resources to find employment and reside in a new context.The mobility process explains the diversity of forms of social integration, access to adulthood and the relational stabilization of the population. These transnational relational strategies are constantly being constructed and transformed, as a process involved in the interactions and social environments in which people participate, not to mention the structural context encountered by these people. Thus, transnational interpersonal links allow us to discern the emergence of collective spaces for sharing and social groups that explain the structures of sociability and social support. The presence of individuals in transnational groups leads to the formation of personal networks and affects the relational stabilization in their places of residence.This set of reciprocal influences between more or less stabilized personal networks, the relationships identified in the initial stages of migration and the interaction between personal relationships that generate transnational sociability collectives contribute to the explanation of expatriation phenomena and work migration covered in this thesis. / Esta tesis se centra en un fenómeno actual de interés social y sociológico, influenciado por la crisis económica y financiera, que comenzó en 2008. La investigación tiene como objetivo identificar las estrategias de realización de proyectos de migración temporal construidos sobre la base de criterios de carrera profesional (pasada, presente y futura) de la población española instalada recientemente en Toulouse (Francia). En resumen, las estrategias de organización del proceso de movilidad son el producto de una sucesión de situaciones de interacción que contribuyen a construir y activar una serie de informaciones útiles que permitan el acceso a recursos específicos para conseguir un empleo y establecerse en un nuevo contexto de residencia.El proceso de movilidad explica la diversidad de formas de inclusión social, el acceso a la edad adulta y la estabilización relacional de la población. Estas estrategias relacionales transnacionales están en constante construcción y transformación como un proceso involucrado en las interacciones sociales y los entornos en los que participan las personas, así como el contexto estructural al que se enfrentan estas personas. Por lo tanto, las relaciones interpersonales transnacionales nos permiten discernir la aparición de espacios colectivos de intercambio y de grupos sociales que explican las estructuras de sociabilidad y de apoyo social. La presencia de individuos en grupos transnacionales da forma a sus redes personales y afecta a la estabilización relacional de estas personas en sus lugares de residencia.Este conjunto de influencias recíprocas entre redes personales más o menos estabilizadas, relaciones identificadas en la etapa inicial de la migración y la interacción entre las relaciones personales que generan colectivos de sociabilidad transnacional, contribuyen a la explicación de los fenómenos de expatriación y a la migración laboral discutidos en esta tesis.

After the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), under the leadership of freed Black American-born Prince Saunders, working in conjunction with formerly enslaved revolutionaries, invited some 13,000 free African-Americans to leave the United States to emigrate to world’s first Black republic of Haiti. This migration offered the possibility of economic freedom and a promise/redefinition of the boundaries of citizenship and equality in the Atlantic world. Part I, “Abolitionist Pioneers and Origins,” begins with a summary biography of Prince Saunders and an overview of the world of transatlantic slavery he was born into. Its major context is nineteenth century Anglo-European ideologies of freedom, equality, and citizenship. The dissertation also considers the origins of black revolutionary transnationalism by looking at its early pioneers and the revolutionary processes that widened the scope for the eventual success of antislavery to become an ideology rooted in human rights claims. Chapter 1 explores the late eighteenth century and the first decade of the nineteenth century as crucial periods in which free Blacks in the United States, slaves and freed people in Haiti, and British abolitionists embraced the morality that slavery and racism posed the greatest dangers to a world mired in revolutionary claims to natural rights. Part II, “Ideas and Ideologies,” considers how Saunders worked to frame the legacy of the Haitian Revolution as a democratic project that shaped the ideology of revolutionary transnationalism. In this view, citizenship was defined as unrestricted by national borders. By Saunders disseminating the idea of citizenship as transcending borders, the idea of Haiti became a radically subversive alternate to American citizenship. By propagating such views, Saunders transformed himself into a transcultural, bi-national hybrid American-Haitian, embodying the overall dynamism of black revolutionary transnationalism. Chapters 3 and 4 discuss the fusion of transatlantic abolitionism and Haitian revolutionary ideology into a full-fledged emigration idealism that showcases the operative capacity of Black citizenship. Part III, “The Era of Emigration and Colonization, 1816-1833, in Chapters 5 and 6 respectively grapples with the real consequences of African American emigration to Haiti and Prince Saunders’s legacy. The first wave of emigration from 1816–1826 was followed by a second wave from 1859-1865. In the interim, Blacks debated the relative merits of Haitian emigration versus colonization as a strategy for citizenship. The status of Haiti as a feasible home ebbed and flowed in the minds of Black emigrationists who increasingly viewed West Africa, as well as parts of Latin and South America or Canada, as options for escaping to citizenship. I conclude by exploring these debates for what they tell us about fragmentation and ruptures in the free Black community regarding the best strategies for reform and citizenship beyond the gaining or granting of freedom. It must be noted, however, that in the penultimate conclusion to Prince Saunders’s struggle, the coming of the Civil War and the Reconstruction period thereafter took African Americans away from the meaning and significance of Haiti. Finally, readers will note that each part and chapter of this volume is intended to synchronize with the whole but also stand as single-chapter essays.