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Corruption is an increasingly important factor in development. Despite a range of initiatives to address the issue, few anti-corruption initiatives to date have had a positive impact. Popular definitions of corruption are reductive, normative, and economics-based, and common ways of addressing corruption are also deficient. In addition, local contextual factors are often not taken into consideration in anti- corruption initiatives. The present study focuses on the most influential non- governmental organization in the anti-corruption industry, Transparency International (TI). The study is based on a social constructivist approach to knowledge and employs a combination of Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis and Philipp Mayring’s qualitative content analysis to a single TI initiative to answer the question Do Transparency International’s youth anti-corruption initiatives neglect local contextual factors? The study’s findings are inconclusive: Social actors’ agency is encouraged, but cultural norms are neglected.

Denna empiriska studie undersöker om det går att finna ett samband mellan förtroende och uppfattad transparens i e-handelsklimat. För att mäta förtroende tar studien hänsyn till Harrison McKnights förtroendekonstruktion för e-handel (Trusting beliefs) tillgänglig i hans studie (McKnight, Choudhury & Kacmar, 2002) För att mäta transparens har en transparenskonstruktion utformats (Perceived transparency). Begreppet transparens i studien har sitt ursprung i egen tolkning med tillhörande modell och konstruktion. I nuläget (Augusti,13) finns det få studier som behandlar transparens i e-handel. Beslutet att basera inriktningen på egna slutsatser har därför kännts nödvändigt. Studien anammar ett användarperspektiv då utgångspunkten i studien är att mäta hur en besökare uppfattar en e-butiks statiska presentation med fokus på transparens (lättillgänglighet, öppenhet, företagsidentitet och relevanta referenser). Metoden som tillämpas är kvantitativ och empirisk. Resultatet ger en indikation på att det kvantitativt går att mäta uppfattad transparens samt att det finns en korrelation mellan McKnights förtroendekonstruktion (Trusting beliefs) och studiens transparenskonstruktion (Perceiv- ed transparency) / This empirical study investigates whether it is possible to discern a relationship between trust and perceived transparency in the E-commerce environment. In order to measure trust, the study implements Harrison McKnight's trust-construct (Trusting beliefs) found in his research (McKnight, Choudhury & Kacmar, 2002). To measure perceived transparency, a transparency-construct has been formed. The concept of transparency in the shape it is mentioned in the study is originated in an own interpretation with associated model and construct. Today (August 2013) few studies within transparency has been published and yet none particularly in the e-commerce environment. The decision to base the study on own conclusions therefore felt necessary and also justified. The study adopts a user-perspective though the idea is to examine if it is possible to quantitatively measure how a visitor perceives an e-commerce site's static presentation with focus on transparency (accessibility, openness, company image and relevant references) The method used to answer the two hypotheses is quantitative and empirical. The result gives an indication that it is possible to measure the perceived transparency, and also shows that there exists a correlation between McKnight's trust-construct (Trusting beliefs) and the study's formed transparency-construct (Perceived trans- parency)

Supply chain transparency is principally focused on a company's efforts toward disclosing information about their products, and their supply chain operations to the public. Essay 1 is a conceptual paper that examines the risks of disclosing supply chain mapping information to consumers and proposes an approach to developing risk mitigation strategies. This essay also develops a set of supply chain mapping conventions that support the development of an agility-focused supply chain map. Essay 2 employs an experimental design methodology to examine the impact of disclosing the ethnicity of a supplier on consumers' behaviors, while also capturing the extent to which a consumers' ethnic identity and prosocial disposition influence their behaviors. Finally, also using an experimental design, Essay 3 analyzes consumer outcomes based on disclosing no, partial, and full supply chain transparency information, and accounts for heterogenous consumer traits such as the importance of information to a consumer and their perceived quality of information. Collectively, these essays advance the body of knowledge that seeks to understand the risks and benefits of supply chain transparency, by conceptually identifying risks and proposing an approach to minimize the risks associated with supply chain transparency, and by illuminating the conditions that prompt favorable consumer outcomes.

Yes / Preregistration is the practice of publicly publishing plans on central components of the research process before access to, or collection, of data. Within the context of the replication crisis, open science practices like preregistration have been pivotal in facilitating greater transparency in research. However, such practices have been applied nearly exclusively to basic academic research, with rare consideration of the relevance to applied and consultancy-based research. This is particularly problematic as such research is typically reported with very low levels of transparency and accountability despite being disseminated as influential grey literature to inform practice. Evidence-based practice is best served by an appreciation of multiple sources of quality evidence, thus the current review considers the potential of preregistration to improve both the accessibility and credibility of applied research towards more rigorous evidence-based practice. The current three-part review outlines, first, the opportunities of preregistration for applied research, and second, three barriers - practical challenges, stakeholder roles, and the suitability of preregistration. Last, this review makes four recommendations to overcome these barriers and maximise the opportunities of preregistration for academics, industry, and the structures they are held within - changes to preregistration templates, new types of templates, education and training, and recognition and structural changes.

In the United States, the preeminent ideal concerning the justice system is that all people are innocent until proven guilty. The reality of the system, however, is not so cut and dry. Biases, mental health crises, and inequity all play a part in creating unjust circumstances for those accused of a crime. What role does architecture have to play in the judicial system? The architecture of our courthouses communicates that people are guilty until proven innocent. Movement through the courts is highly choreographed, creating a rigidity and hierarchy that encourages an us-them mentality and fosters a sense of "otherness." What does that communicate to the judge or jury–that this person is less than human? Our modern courtroom form is rooted in Roman basilica form, as judicial proceedings would happen there. It is a highly theatrical, highly structured space with a hierarchy built up in elevation–placing different levels of value on individuals. What would a courtroom look like where everyone, even though they have varying amounts of power based on their respective roles, sees eye to eye? What is the role of architecture in this question? My goal is to design a courtroom and resulting courthouse where, for the duration of the proceedings, everyone has the same level of perceived humanity. / Master of Architecture / In the United States, the preeminent ideal concerning the justice system is that all people are innocent until proven guilty. The reality of the system, however, is not so cut and dry. Biases, mental health crises, and inequity all play a part in creating unjust circumstances for those accused of a crime. What role does architecture have to play in the judicial system? The architecture of our courthouses communicates that people are guilty until proven innocent. Movement through the courts is highly choreographed, creating a rigidity and hierarchy that encourages an us-them mentality and fosters a sense of "otherness." What does that communicate to the judge or jury–that this person is less than human? I am exploring all of these questions and more in my thesis. The proposed building will replace the Alexandria, Virginia Courts building on King Street, which currently hides behind an office building and embodies the rigidity and secrecy of the judicial process. The new courts building emphasizes transparency, streamlines movement, and reimagines the courtroom as a place where people gather at a table.

This dissertation, Making Sense of Digital Content Moderation from the Margins, examines how content creators who are marginalized by race, sexuality, gender, ethnicity, and disability understand their experiences of content moderation on the social media platform TikTok. Using critical interface and narrative-based inquiry methods with six marginalized content creators on TikTok, I argue that marginalized creators navigate the opaque content moderation infrastructure of TikTok by drawing on their embodied experiences. The key research questions ask how these content creators interpret TikTok's platform policies and processes through their interactions on the app and how these interpretations influence content creation on TikTok and how creators feel about moderation in the absence of platform transparency about how content is moderated. To answer these questions, I conducted narrative-driven interviews with six TikTok creators and analyzed these stories alongside online testimonials in eight Change.org petitions. My analysis revealed that lack of transparency around TikTok's algorithmic curation and moderation contributes to content creators feeling alienated, exploited, frustrated, and unwelcome on the platform and influences content creators to adapt their content to avoid moderation, oftentimes by self-censoring themselves and aspects of their marginalized identities. Over time, the accumulation of content moderation micro-interactions diminishes the ability of marginalized content creators to trust content moderation processes. My analysis also shows how TikTok's user experience design and opaque content moderation practices contribute to an affective platform environment in which creators are compelled to speak out and across creator networks about such gaps in experience and platform policy. I conclude with a discussion of how my findings about content moderation and transparency contribute to conversations in writing-related scholarship, especially as it pertains to writing assessment, technical communication, and algorithmic research methodologies. / Doctor of Philosophy / In recent years, marginalized content creators on TikTok have sounded the alarm about the way that the platform's content moderation and algorithmic recommendation disadvantages marginalized creators. This dissertation, Making Sense of Digital Content Moderation from the Margins, examines how content creators who are marginalized by race, sexuality, gender, ethnicity, and disability understand their experiences of content moderation on the social media platform TikTok. The key research questions ask how these content creators interpret TikTok's platform policies and processes through their interactions on the app and how these interpretations influence content creation on TikTok and how creators feel about moderation in the absence of platform transparency about how content is moderated. To answer these questions, I conducted narrative-driven interviews with six TikTok creators and analyzed these stories alongside online testimonials. My analysis revealed that lack of transparency around TikTok's algorithmic curation and moderation contributes to content creators feeling alienated, exploited, and unwelcome on the platform and influences content creators to adapt their content to avoid moderation, oftentimes by self-censoring themselves and aspects of their marginalized identities. Moreover, I found that TikTok isolates user experiences of biased content moderation which compels creators to speak out and across creator networks about discriminatory experiences of platform policy.