No description available.

Dramaturge, metteur en scène, romancier, essayiste et peintre, Gao Xingjian, « artiste total », s’est affranchi dès 1983 des conventions théâtrales qui prévalaient en Chine. Il s’est imposé comme l’un des pionniers du théâtre et de la littérature d’avant-garde. Condamné pendant la campagne de répression « contre la pollution spirituelle », il a été interdit de publication. Exilé en France en 1987, il a dès lors créé des pièces en français, impliquant peu de personnages, entre farce et tragédie, exprimant souvent une vision de la vie désenchantée, dans un langage aléatoire mais équilibré, avec des décors minimalistes. Il excelle dans une forme de théâtre destiné uniquement à la représentation, où joue l’expérimentation scénique et corporelle. Notre thèse porte sur la forme et l’expérience de la représentation théâtrale, en examinant la façon dont Gao repousse les limites linguistiques ou visuelles pour parvenir à une conception dépouillée du drame. Procédant à l’analyse de ses dramaturgies, tout en nous appuyant sur ses écrits et ses peintures, nous verrons comment la représentation théâtrale s’agence entre visible et invisible, qui se situe au seuil de la conscience ou qui relève de l’esthétique — ceci, selon trois possibilités : le rapport acteur/spectateur, le texte lui-même, et la scène proprement dite. Tenant compte de l’épreuve existentielle de l’exil et du phénomène de bilinguisme perceptible dans l’écriture, nous traitons des idées de l’espace théâtral et de l’art dramatique, en suivant quatre orientations principales : la dramatisation, les modes de narration, la langue en tant que rupture dans le texte, et l’« incarnation » du personnage par l’acteur qui le joue. / Playwright, theater director, novelist, essayist and painter — the multi/inter-disciplinary artist, Gao Xingjian first defied the theatrical conventions dominating China for more than fifty years with his absurdist play Bus Stop in 1983. Since then, he has established himself as one of China’s pioneering avant-garde playwrights and writers. Persecuted during the “Oppose Spiritual Pollution” campaign, he was banned from publication. After moving to France in 1987, he began writing plays in French, his adopted language. Relying on few characters, they probe drama between farce and tragedy, expressing a frequently disenchanted vision of life in seemingly random, yet measured, language with minimal decor. Experimenting with the scenic and the corporal, Gao excels in an organic theatre created solely for performance. Using the form and experience of a performance, this thesis explores how Gao revisits linguistic and visual boundaries in an effort to define “drama.” Analyzing his plays, as well as his other writings and paintings, we identify in his work a theatrical performance — visible and invisible, liminal or aesthetical — via three possibilities: actor/spectator, text, and stage. Considering exile and bilingualism in literature, we examine notions of theatrical space and drama that emerge from this study in four main approaches: dramatization, modes of narration, language as rupture in text, and character “enfleshed” by its actor.

Estudamos o emaranhamento quântico de estados puros emaranhados tri-partidos quando uma das partes é um qubit. Apresentamos um método para encontrar as decomposições do estado tri-partido mais simples do que sucessivas decomposições de Schmidt. Esse método permite encontrar uma grande quantidade de diferentes famílias de estados emaranhados tri-partidos. Essas famílias são classificadas de acordo com dimensão dos blocos de Jordan de uma matriz obtida do estado emaranhado. Além disso, também demonstramos que estados pertencentes a famílias distintas não podem ser convertidos um no outro por operações locais estocásticas com comunicação clássica (SLOCC). No caso de dois estados pertencentes à mesma família, obtemos condições necessárias e su cientes para sabermos se estes podem ser convertidos um no outro por SLOCC. No caso de serão, também podemos obter a operação do tipo SLOCC que realiza a conversão. / We study the quantum entanglement of tripartite pure states when one of the parties is a qubit. We present a method to find the decompositions of tripartite entangled states which are simpler than two successive Schmidt decompositions. We will find many distinct families of entangled states with distinct decompositions. These families are classified according to the dimensions of the Jordan blocks of a matrix obtained from the entangled state. Furthermore, we show that states belonging to distinct families can not be converted into each other by stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC). In case of two states belonging to the same family, we nd necessary and su?cient conditions to convert one state to the other. We can also find the SLOCC which realizes this conversion.

Esta pesquisa trata do artista suíço Max Bill e sua obra Unidade Tripartida, ganhadora do prêmio de escultura na Primeira Bienal de São Paulo, em 1951. Analisa arquivos referentes a curadorias de exposições em museus, aliados a informações sobre o percurso nacional e internacional da escultura tridimensional Unidade Tripartida e do artista Max Bill. Sua trajetória, desde o entendimento de sua produção até a sua formação, com participação na escola Bauhaus e a formação da Escola de Ulm, em que desenvolveu a teoria que sustentou a arte concreta, abrange diversas áreas do conhecimento artístico no decorrer das décadas de quarenta e cinquenta do século XX. O estudo aponta, também, as influências das ideias de Bill na produção concreta e neoconcreta de artistas brasileiros. / The following essay is about the Swiss artist Max Bill and his work Tripartite Unity (Unidade Tripartida), winner of the Sculpture Prize at the First Biennial of São Paulo, in 1951. Analyzes files relating to curtained exhibitions in museums, within information about national and international course of the three-dimensional sculpture Tripartite Unity and about the artist Max Bill. Its history, from the understanding of its production to its formation, with participation at the Bauhaus school and the formation of the School of Ulm, in which he developed the theory that supports the concrete art, covers several areas of artistic knowledge during the forties and fifties. The thesis also indicates the influence of Bills ideas in concrete, neo-concrete production on Brazilian artists.

Magister Legum - LLM / South Africa

RhoB est une petite GTPase rapidement activée par les facteurs de croissance et les stress cellulaires, qui régule des processus biologiques fondamentaux comme la migration, l'angiogenèse, la réparation de l'ADN, l'apoptose ainsi que la réponse à des thérapeutiques anticancéreuses. L'activité des petites GTPases est finement régulée par leur localisation subcellulaire. Cependant, l'activation de RhoB en cellules vivantes n'avait jamais été investiguée. Ce travail a permis d'adapter et de valider une méthode innovante d'analyse des interactions protéine-protéine par complémentation split-GFP tripartite, pour la détection sensible et spécifique de l'activation des petites GTPases en cellules vivantes. Nous avons ensuite développé un modèle cellulaire optimisé par la combinaison de la technologie split-GFP tripartite et d'un intracorps anti-GFP amplificateur de fluorescence, pour détecter la régulation de l'activation de RhoB avec une haute résolution spatiale. Ce biosenseur a mis en évidence la translocation de la forme active de RhoB en réponse au sérum à partir des endosomes pour s'accumuler au niveau de la membrane plasmique, révélant ainsi une nouvelle plateforme de signalisation membranaire de RhoB. Ce biosenseur permettra d'analyser le profil d'activation de RhoB et d'autres petites GTPases, sous d'autres stimulations ou dans différents contextes cellulaires, et d'identifier leurs partenaires et les modulateurs de leur activation. / RhoB is a small GTPase that is rapidly activated in response to growth factors and cellular stress. It regulates fundamental biological processes such as cell migration, angiogenesis, DNA repair, apoptosis and response to anticancer therapies. Small GTPases activity is tightly regulated by their subcellular localization. However, RhoB activation had never been investigated in living cells. In this work, we have adapted and validated an innovative method of protein-protein interactions analysis using tripartite split-GFP complementation, for the sensitive and specific detection of small GTPases activation in living cells. Then, we developed an optimized cellular model by combining the tripartite split-GFP technology with an anti-GFP intrabody fluorescence-enhancer to detect the regulation of RhoB activation with high spatial resolution. This biosensor highlighted the translocation of active RhoB from endosomes to accumulate at the plasma membrane upon serum stimulation, revealing a novel membrane signaling platform of RhoB. Future studies based on this biosensor will enable the analysis of RhoB activation profile and other small GTPases upon various stimuli or in different cellular contexts, as well as the identification of the GTPases partners and activation modulators.

I undersökningen har en intervjustudie gjorts med syftet att beskriva verksamma svensklärares attityder till grannspråksundervisning. Två frågeställningar utgör utgångspunkt för studien och utreder lärarnas uppfattningar om grannspråksundervisningens möjligheter, svårigheter, och relevans. Fem svensklärare som är verksamma på gymnasiet intervjuades individuellt i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Materialet transkriberades och analyserades sedan utifrån en fenomenografisk analysmodell. Resultatet visar att de intervjuade lärarna upplever att det finns många möjligheter i grannspråksundervisningen och de aspekter som har påvisats är: varierade undervisningsmetoder, vikten av språkens gemensamma grund, grannspråken i allmänbildande syfte, språksociala frågor som utgångspunkt för undervisningen och kombination med andra delar av det centrala innehållet och kunskapskraven. Lärarna uttrycker likväl att det finns svårigheter i undervisningen och identifierade aspekter är: låg motivation hos elever, otillräcklig utbildning och marginaliserad tidsåtgång till momentet. Samtliga lärare uppfattar ämnesområdet som relevant med utgångspunkt i styrdokumenten. De motiverar även relevansen genom att framhäva den kulturella och språkliga gemenskapen, allmänbildningsaspekten och vikten av arbetet med språksociala frågor. Studien bidrar med ämnesdidaktiska implikationer som förhoppningsvis kan öka medvetenheten hos lärare om utvecklingsaspekter inom området. Problematiska aspekter har visserligen funnits i lärarnas undervisning men den underliggande problematiken finns i styrdokumentens förhållning till språkpolitiska dokument.

No description available.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The tripartite symbiosis between Phaseolus vulgaris, arbuscular-mycorrhiza and the nodule bacteria, Rhizobia have been the focus of many studies ranging over a number of decades, however these studies have failed to answer certain questions relating the role of the symbionts in regard to host nutrition and the subsequent influence of these symbionts on the host C- economy. There is little doubt over the synergistic benefits involved in the dual inoculation of bean plants, as well as the resultant C-costs of maintaining the 2 symbionts, yet the specific contribution of the individual symbionts to the hosts overall nutrient and C-economy remain to be clarified. Thus the aim of this thesis is to help clarify these points by determining the symbiont induced photosynthetic, respiratory and nutritional changes taking place in the host. This was achieved by a series of experiments in which nodulated bean plants were split into two categories-those with and without AM colonized roots. These plants were then exposed to a range of growing conditions, including hi and low P, and a series of N treatments, ranging from zero N through to 3 mM NH/. Under these differing nutrient conditions growth, photosynthetic, respiratory, nutrient and amino acid responses were monitored, thus allowing for the determination of the symbionts influence on the host and the hosts reliance on the respective symbionts. Host reliance was noted most strongly under nutrient limiting conditions. Under low P treatment AM was the dominant symbiont as far as host C was concerned, allowing for the early establishment of the AM, thus ensuring the uptake of P for both host and nodule development. High P affected AM colonization to a greater extent than it did nodule dry weight and conversely the addition of N~ + led to a greater decrease in nodule dry weight than it did AM colonization. In spite of this decline, AM benefited the host by improving host N nutrition and relieving N-feedback inhibition of the export amino acid asparagine on BNF. These AM induced benefits did come at a cost to the host though, the dual inoculated plants had higher below ground respiratory costs and subsequently higher photosynthetic rates to compensate for the increased demand for C. The higher photosynthetic rates associated with dual inoculation were as a result of symbiont induced sink stimulation and not due to the improved nutrition of the host, as shown by the photosynthetic and nutrient response ratios. However, the respiratory costs associated with the uptake of soil nutrients were lower in AM colonized roots, thus showing an increased efficiency in nutrient gain by AM colonized roots. This improvement in host N nutrition as a result of AM colonization, coupled with the lower respiratory costs of AM nutrition led to the conclusion that under certain growing conditions nodules can become redundant and possibly parasitic.

Theory and evidence suggests that person-centred models may be especially relevant for elucidating the role of perfectionism in health and well-being in those with chronic health conditions. This may be particularly true for conditions, such as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), in which perfectionism is known to play a prominent role in health outcomes. Yet to date no research has taken a person-centred approach to examine how within-person combinations of perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns are linked to vulnerability for poor health in CFS. The current study compared matched samples of people with CFS and healthy controls (N = 163 each) on measures of stress, depression, and health problems. Consistent with the Stress and Coping Cyclical Amplification Model of Perfectionism in Illness and the tripartite model of perfectionism, within-person combinations of high perfectionistic concerns and strivings had the poorest health profile compared to other within-person combinations, but only among those with CFS. In addition, the perfectionism was indirectly associated with health through stress in those with CFS only. Findings add to a growing evidence base on the utility of person-centred models for understanding the health risks of perfectionism in the context of chronic illness.