No description available.

Os meningiomas são os tumores primários do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) mais frequentes e representam 35,5% dos casos considerando-se todas as faixas etárias. Apesar dos progressos ocorridos nas últimas décadas, a tumorigênese dos meningiomas ainda permanece como um desafio. Há um consenso da necessidade de ferramentas moleculares para ajudar tanto no diagnóstico quanto no prognóstico dos meningiomas. Neste contexto, alguns trabalhos demonstram a importância do papel dos receptores de estrógeno e progesterona, assim como o entendimento das alterações nos níveis de expressão dos microRNAs (miRNAs) na tumorigênese dos meningiomas. Alguns estudos demonstram que o perfil de expressão sérico dos miRNAs tem correlação com a classificação e evolução clínica, sendo de grande interesse o uso desse material por se tratar de um procedimento não-invasivo, ou seja, como biomarcadores. Objetivos: avaliar o perfil de expressão tecidual e sérica de microRNAs associados as vias dos receptores de estrógeno e progesterona em meningiomas grau I, II e III. Pacientes e métodos: foram utilizadas amostras de tecido e plasma de 40 pacientes com meningiomas grau I, II e III. Para a análise da expressão dos miRNAs miR-34a, miR-143, miR-145 e miR-335 foi utillizada a técnica de PCR em tempo real. Resultados: os miRNAs: miR-34a e miR-145 apresentaram diferença estatística significativa nas amostras de tecido tumoral entre os grupos estudados com menor expressão nas amostras de meningiomas grau II quando comparadas as amostras grau I e III. Não observamos diferença estatística estatística significativa na expressão dos miRNAs nas amostras de plasma. Conclusão: os miRNAs selecionados não apresentaram correlação com a progressão tumoral em meningiomas. / Meningiomas are the most common primary Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors, accounting for 35.5% of the cases, considering all age groups. Despite the progress made in recent decades, the tumorigenesis of meningiomas still remains a challenge. There is a consensus of the need for molecular tools to assist both diagnosis and prognosis of meningiomas. In this context, some studies demonstrate the importance of the role of estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as the understanding of alterations in microRNA (miRNAs) expression levels in the tumorigenesis of meningiomas. Some studies have shown that the serum expression profile of the miRNAs correlates with the classification and clinical evolution, being of great interest the use of this material because it is a non-invasive procedure, i.e., as biomarkers. Objectives: To evaluate the tissue and serum expression profile of microRNAs associated with the estrogen and progesterone receptor pathways in meningiomas grade I, II and III. Patients and methods: tissue and blood samples from 40 patients with grade I, II and III meningiomas were used. For analysis of miRNA expression miR-34a, miR-143, miR-145 and miR-335 was used the real-time PCR technique. Results: miRNAs: miR-34a and miR-145 presented a significant statistical difference in the tumor tissue samples between the groups with lower expression in the samples of grade II meningiomas when compared to samples I and III. We did not observe statistically significant statistical difference in miRNA expression in blood samples. Conclusion: the selected miRNAs showed no correlation with tumor progression in meningiomas.

Os meningiomas são os tumores primários do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) mais frequentes e representam 35,5% dos casos considerando-se todas as faixas etárias. Apesar dos progressos ocorridos nas últimas décadas, a tumorigênese dos meningiomas ainda permanece como um desafio. Há um consenso da necessidade de ferramentas moleculares para ajudar tanto no diagnóstico quanto no prognóstico dos meningiomas. Neste contexto, alguns trabalhos demonstram a importância do papel dos receptores de estrógeno e progesterona, assim como o entendimento das alterações nos níveis de expressão dos microRNAs (miRNAs) na tumorigênese dos meningiomas. Alguns estudos demonstram que o perfil de expressão sérico dos miRNAs tem correlação com a classificação e evolução clínica, sendo de grande interesse o uso desse material por se tratar de um procedimento não-invasivo, ou seja, como biomarcadores. Objetivos: avaliar o perfil de expressão tecidual e sérica de microRNAs associados as vias dos receptores de estrógeno e progesterona em meningiomas grau I, II e III. Pacientes e métodos: foram utilizadas amostras de tecido e plasma de 40 pacientes com meningiomas grau I, II e III. Para a análise da expressão dos miRNAs miR-34a, miR-143, miR-145 e miR-335 foi utillizada a técnica de PCR em tempo real. Resultados: os miRNAs: miR-34a e miR-145 apresentaram diferença estatística significativa nas amostras de tecido tumoral entre os grupos estudados com menor expressão nas amostras de meningiomas grau II quando comparadas as amostras grau I e III. Não observamos diferença estatística estatística significativa na expressão dos miRNAs nas amostras de plasma. Conclusão: os miRNAs selecionados não apresentaram correlação com a progressão tumoral em meningiomas. / Meningiomas are the most common primary Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors, accounting for 35.5% of the cases, considering all age groups. Despite the progress made in recent decades, the tumorigenesis of meningiomas still remains a challenge. There is a consensus of the need for molecular tools to assist both diagnosis and prognosis of meningiomas. In this context, some studies demonstrate the importance of the role of estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as the understanding of alterations in microRNA (miRNAs) expression levels in the tumorigenesis of meningiomas. Some studies have shown that the serum expression profile of the miRNAs correlates with the classification and clinical evolution, being of great interest the use of this material because it is a non-invasive procedure, i.e., as biomarkers. Objectives: To evaluate the tissue and serum expression profile of microRNAs associated with the estrogen and progesterone receptor pathways in meningiomas grade I, II and III. Patients and methods: tissue and blood samples from 40 patients with grade I, II and III meningiomas were used. For analysis of miRNA expression miR-34a, miR-143, miR-145 and miR-335 was used the real-time PCR technique. Results: miRNAs: miR-34a and miR-145 presented a significant statistical difference in the tumor tissue samples between the groups with lower expression in the samples of grade II meningiomas when compared to samples I and III. We did not observe statistically significant statistical difference in miRNA expression in blood samples. Conclusion: the selected miRNAs showed no correlation with tumor progression in meningiomas.

Introdução: Os meningiomas são neoplasias intracranianas de crescimento lento que se originam das células meningoteliais da aracnoide e representam os tumores intracranianos mais comuns, contabilizando 13-26% deste total, sendo um dos primeiros tumores sólidos a terem alterações genéticas identificadas. Inúmeros tem sido os avanços para a melhor compreensão das vias moleculares correlacionadas com a tumorigênese e progressão tumoral dos meningiomas, neste contexto tem se destacado o papel dos microRNAs que são RNAs não-codificantes (ncRNAs) constituídos por 19 a 25 nucleotídeos, cuja função é o silenciamento do RNAm em nível póstranscricional. Portanto, o objetivo do nosso estudo foi avaliar a expressão tecidual e plasmática dos miRNAs miR-181d, miR-181c e miR-130a. Pacientes e métodos: Os miRNAs miR-181d, miR-181c e miR-130a foram selecionados a partir de estudo prévio do nosso grupo pela técnica de análise em larga escala de microarrays, onde foram comparados meningiomas grau I com amostras controles de aracnóides. Neste trabalho foi avaliada expressão destes miRNAs no tecido tumoral e plasma de meningiomas grau I, II e III. Resultados: O miR-181d apresentou-se hiperexpresso nos grupos estudados, no tecido tumoral quanto no plasma. O nível de expressão foi maior de acordo com a progressão do grau do tumor. Os miR-181c e miR-130a não apresentaram diferença estatística nos grupos estudados em ambos tecido tumoral e plasma. Conclusões: O miR-181d tem potencial para ser utilizado como biomarcador para meningiomas e está associado com sua progressão tumoral. / Introduction: Meningiomas are intracranial tumors of slow growth that originate from meningothelial arachnoid cells and represents the most common intracranial tumors, accounting for 13-26% of this total, beeing one of the first solid tumors to have identified genetic alterations There are technological advances available to a better understanding of the molecular pathways correlated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression of meningiomas. The role of microRNAs in this process is very importante. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) consisting of 19 to 25 nucleotides, with function of mRNA silencing post-transcriptional level. The aim of our study was to evaluate the tissue expression and plasma of miRNAs miR-181d, miR-181c and miR-130a. Patients and methods: The miRNAs miR-181d, miR-181c and miR-130a were selected from a previous study of our group by analysis technique on large scale called microarrays, which were compared meningiomas grade I with arachnoid controls samples. In this study, we evaluated expression of these miRNAs in tumor tissue and plasma meningiomas grade I, II and III. Results: The miR-181d was presented upregulated in the all groups in both tumor tissue and in plasma. The level of expression was increased according to the progression of tumor grade. The miR-181c and miR-130a showed no statistical difference in the groups studied in both tumor tissue and plasma. Conclusions: The miR-181d has potential as a biomarker for meningiomas and is associated with tumor progression.

Introdução: Os meningiomas são neoplasias intracranianas de crescimento lento que se originam das células meningoteliais da aracnoide e representam os tumores intracranianos mais comuns, contabilizando 13-26% deste total, sendo um dos primeiros tumores sólidos a terem alterações genéticas identificadas. Inúmeros tem sido os avanços para a melhor compreensão das vias moleculares correlacionadas com a tumorigênese e progressão tumoral dos meningiomas, neste contexto tem se destacado o papel dos microRNAs que são RNAs não-codificantes (ncRNAs) constituídos por 19 a 25 nucleotídeos, cuja função é o silenciamento do RNAm em nível póstranscricional. Portanto, o objetivo do nosso estudo foi avaliar a expressão tecidual e plasmática dos miRNAs miR-181d, miR-181c e miR-130a. Pacientes e métodos: Os miRNAs miR-181d, miR-181c e miR-130a foram selecionados a partir de estudo prévio do nosso grupo pela técnica de análise em larga escala de microarrays, onde foram comparados meningiomas grau I com amostras controles de aracnóides. Neste trabalho foi avaliada expressão destes miRNAs no tecido tumoral e plasma de meningiomas grau I, II e III. Resultados: O miR-181d apresentou-se hiperexpresso nos grupos estudados, no tecido tumoral quanto no plasma. O nível de expressão foi maior de acordo com a progressão do grau do tumor. Os miR-181c e miR-130a não apresentaram diferença estatística nos grupos estudados em ambos tecido tumoral e plasma. Conclusões: O miR-181d tem potencial para ser utilizado como biomarcador para meningiomas e está associado com sua progressão tumoral. / Introduction: Meningiomas are intracranial tumors of slow growth that originate from meningothelial arachnoid cells and represents the most common intracranial tumors, accounting for 13-26% of this total, beeing one of the first solid tumors to have identified genetic alterations There are technological advances available to a better understanding of the molecular pathways correlated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression of meningiomas. The role of microRNAs in this process is very importante. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) consisting of 19 to 25 nucleotides, with function of mRNA silencing post-transcriptional level. The aim of our study was to evaluate the tissue expression and plasma of miRNAs miR-181d, miR-181c and miR-130a. Patients and methods: The miRNAs miR-181d, miR-181c and miR-130a were selected from a previous study of our group by analysis technique on large scale called microarrays, which were compared meningiomas grade I with arachnoid controls samples. In this study, we evaluated expression of these miRNAs in tumor tissue and plasma meningiomas grade I, II and III. Results: The miR-181d was presented upregulated in the all groups in both tumor tissue and in plasma. The level of expression was increased according to the progression of tumor grade. The miR-181c and miR-130a showed no statistical difference in the groups studied in both tumor tissue and plasma. Conclusions: The miR-181d has potential as a biomarker for meningiomas and is associated with tumor progression.

Bien que le mélanome malin cutané (MMC) ne représente que 10% des cancers cutanés, il en est la forme la plus agressive et est responsable de 90% des décès dus aux cancers de la peau. Son incidence ne cesse d'augmenter ces dernières années et atteint 10.8 cas pour 100 000 habitants chez les hommes et 11 chez les femmes. La survie médiane des patients atteint de mélanome à un stade avancé est de 6.2 mois et seulement 1 patient sur 4 est encore en vie à 1an. Le diagnostic du mélanome est uniquement histopathologique et seul l'examen de la biopsie permet de le poser définitivement. De la même façon, il n'existe pas de marqueurs pronostiques associés au mélanome malin cutané. Seuls des facteurs histologiques tels que l'épaisseur de la tumeur, le degré d'invasion ou encore l'envahissement ganglionnaire ont été validés par l'American Joint Committee on Cancer et servent de facteurs pronostiques. Cependant, bien qu'ils permettent d'évaluer le risque métastatique, leur valeur pronostique est encore très insuffisante. L'objectif de ma thèse est d'identifier et de caractériser les protéines associées à la progression tumorale du MMC. Grâce à une approche protéomique quantitative de type iTRAQ par nanoLC MS/MS, j'ai pu identifier et caractériser 2242 protéines dans un modèle cellulaire de progression tumorale du mélanome. La surexpression de huit de ces protéines dans les lignées tumorales par rapport à la lignée normale a été validée par western blot. Deux d'entre elles, TRAP1 et PDIA4 ont ensuite été validées en immunohistochimie comme marqueurs associés à la progression tumorale dans le MMC. Dans un second temps, l'implication de ces deux protéines dans les mécanismes de carcinogénèse du mélanome a été étudiée. L'inhibition de TRAP1 et de PDIA4 induit une diminution de la migration et de la viabilité de la lignée cellulaire métastatique de mélanome 1676. Enfin, la sous-expression dePDIA4 induit une inhibition du complexe Cycline D/CDK4 provoquant un blocage des cellules en phase G0/G1. Ce blocage passerait par la voie PERK liées au stress du réticulum endoplasmique. / Although cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) represents only 10% of skin cancers, it is the most aggressive form with 90% of deaths from skin cancer. The Incidence rate is increasing in recent years to 10.8 cases and 11 cases per 100000, in men and women respectively. The prognosis of metastatic melanoma is poor, with a median survival of only 6.2 months. Histopathologic examination remains the gold standard for melanoma diagnosis. There are no prognostic markers associated with CMM. Only histological factors such as tumor thickness, level of invasion, or lymph node involvement have been validated by the American Joint Committee on Cancer and are currently used as prognostic factors. However, although these histological factors are used to assess the risk of metastasis development, their prognostic value is still very low. The aim of my PhD work is to identify and characterize biomarkers associated with tumor progression of CMM. Using a quantitative proteomics approach (iTRAQ and nanoLCMS/MS), I was able to identify and characterize 2242 proteins in a cellular model of melanoma tumor progression. The overexpression of eight proteins in tumor cell lines compared to the normal cell line was validated by immunoblotting. Among these proteins, TRAP1 and PDIA4 were then validated by immunohistochemistry as markers associated with tumor progression in the CMM. Secondly, the involvement of these two proteins in the mechanisms of melanoma carcinogenesis has been studied. The inhibition of TRAP1 and PDIA4 induces a decrease in migration and viability of the metastatic melanoma cell line. Finally, PDIA4 under expression induce an inhibition of cyclin D/Cdk4 complex leading to G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest dependant of endoplasmic reticulum stress by the PERK pathway.

No description available.

Les TNE-GEPs constituent un groupe de tumeurs hétérogènes pour lesquelles il convient d’élargir les approches thérapeutiques. Les thérapies ciblées, particulièrement l’inhibition de la voie mTOR par l’évérolimus, sont la référence pour les TNE-GEPs pancréatiques. Néanmoins, le bénéfice thérapeutique de l’évérolimus n’a pas été évalué dans le sous-groupe des carcinomes neuroendocrines GEPs peu différenciés (pdCNE-GEPs). A travers un modèle préclinique in vivo, nous montrons que l’inhibition de mTOR pourrait constituer une option thérapeutique pour les pdCNEGEPs. Ensuite, une étude protéomique a mis en évidence de nouveaux facteurs impliqués dans la progression de TNE-GEPs. Certaines protéines identifiées présentent un rôle dans la régulation du cytosquelette. Parmi celles-ci, CRMP2 est un acteur clé de la voie de signalisation des sémaphorines de classe 3 (sema3). Un profil d’expression de ces sema3 montre que l’expression de la sema3F est diminuée dans les TNE-GEPs. La ré-expression de ce facteur dans des modèles cellulaires de TNEGEPs montre que la sema3F induit une baisse de la survie et de la prolifération. In vivo, la sema3F permet de ralentir le développement tumoral. Des études complémentaires sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre le rôle de la voie de signalisation de la sema3F dans la progression des TNE-GEPs / GEP-NETs are heterogeneous tumors for which therapeutic options are limited and must therefore be enlarged. Targeted therapies, and mainly everolimus-directed mTOR inhibition, constitute standard treatments for GEP-NETs of pancreatic origin. Nevertheless, the therapeutic benefits of everolimus have not been evaluated in the poorly-differentiated GEP neuroendocrine carcinomas (pdGEP-NECs) subgroup. By using a preclinical in vivo model, we demonstrated that mTOR inhibition could be considered as a therapeutic option for pdGEP-NECs. Then, a proteomic study highlighted novel proteins involved in GEP-NETs progression with all identified factors displaying function in cytoskeleton regulation. Among them, CRMP2 is a key member of class 3 semaphorin (sema3) signaling. An expression profile of sema3 revealed that sema3F expression was decreased in GEP-NETs. The re-expression of this protein in TNE-GEPs cellular models showed that sema3F is responsible of the reduction of cell viability and proliferation. In vivo, sema3F hampered tumor development. Further studies are thus needed to better understand the role of the sema3F signaling pathway in the progression of GEP-NETs

Le neuroblastome, tumeur embryonnaire d’origine neuro‐ectodermique, représente, après les tumeurs cérébrales, la tumeur maligne la plus préoccupante de l’oncologie pédiatrique. L’extrême hétérogénéité des tumeurs neuroblastiques conduit d’une part, à rechercher les mécanismes de son oncogenèse, d’autre part, à améliorer la prédiction du risque de gravité, au diagnostic de la maladie.Le travail de thèse a consisté, à l’aide d’une cohorte tumorale de patients et de lignées de neuroblastome, à rechercher les microARN impliqués dans la progression tumorale. En comparant des tumeurs de bas risque à celles de haut risque, plusieurs microARN du cluster C14MC, situés au locus 14q32.31, ont été identifiés. L’expression de ces microARN corrèle le pronostic ; les tumeurs de haut risque présentant une perte d’expression différentielle. Ainsi, l’expression de miR‐487b et miR‐410 s’est révélée être un facteur pronostique supérieur à l’algorithme de risque standard actuel (âge, stade, statut de l’amplification de l’oncogène N‐MYC). Le contexte d’empreinte génomique parentale du cluster C14MC a conduit à rechercher d’autres microARN d’intérêt sur le second cluster de microARN du génome, C19MC, lui aussi soumis à empreinte. Dans les tumeurs de haut risque, une hyper‐expression relative du miR‐516a‐5p est significativement associée au pronostic. La combinaison des niveaux d’expression de miR‐487b et miR‐516a‐5p se révèle être un facteur pronostique supérieur aux seuls microARN du cluster C14MC : elle offre une nouvelle stratification de risque.Dans les tumeurs neuroblastiques, la dérégulation d’expression serait circonscrite aux microARN des deux clusters C14MC et C19MC ainsi qu’aux gènes vicinaux DLK1 et MEG3 du locus 14q 32.31, elle résulterait d’anomalies de méthylation. Le traitement de lignées de neuroblastome de phénotype neuronal par des modulateurs de l’épigénome (5‐Azacytidine et acide phényl‐butyrique) lève l’expression des microARN du C14MC et des gènes DLK1 et MEG3. Quant aux gènes cibles des miR‐487b et miR‐516a‐5p, les recherches désignent les gènes N‐MYC, TWIST1 et TWIST2 comme candidats directs ou indirects. Ces résultats et la littérature – rapportant, dans les formes agressives de plusieurs types de cancers de l’adulte, des anomalies d’expression des microARN des clusters C14MC (hypo‐expression) et C19MC (hyperexpression) – suggèrent très fortement l’implication de ces deux clusters dans la carcinogenèse humaine. / Neuroblastoma, an embryonal tumour of neuro‐ectodermal origin, stands up with brain tumours as the most worrying cancer of paediatric oncology. The huge heterogeneity of neuroblastic tumours has led i) to find oncogenic mechanisms, and ii) to refine risk stratification of the disease. In using a tumour cohort of patients as well as human NB lines, we sought for microRNA involved in neuroblastoma tumour progression. Comparison of tumours of low‐risk to those of high‐risk resulted to identifying several microRNA composing the C14MC cluster (located within the 14q32.31 locus), whose expression was associated with prognosis; high risk tumours having a differential lower transcript level.Expression of miR‐487b and miR‐410 was a better prognostic factor than the standard algorithm based on age, stage, and N‐MYC genomic content status. As the C14MC cluster belongs to a imprinted locus, the second cluster of microRNAs so far described in the human genome as imprinted, i.e., the C19MC, was analysed: in high‐risk neuroblastoma, miR‐516a‐5p transcript level was differentially up‐regulated (contrasting to microRNAs from C14MC) and was also associated with prognosis. Combination of transcript levels of miR‐487b and miR‐516a‐5p provides a powerful prognostic factor better than only miR expression from C14MC. Therefore, new risk stratification has been proposed.In neuroblastoma, tumour expression deregulation found to be restricted to C14MC and C19MC as well as the DLK1 et MEG3 harboured by the 14q32.31 locus, should result from methylation anomalies. Epigenetic modulators (5‐AZA and PBA) resulted in a significant increase of miR from C14MC as well as DLK1 and MEG3 genes. With regards to target genes, our results point out N‐MYC, TWIST1 and TWIST2 as direct or indirect targets of miR‐487b & miR‐516a‐5p. Our data and literature – indicating relative underexpression of C14MC microRNAs and hyper‐expression of C19MC microRNAs in aggressive forms of various adult cancers – thus stress the potential involvement of the two clusters in human carcinogenesis.

Des données antérieures obtenues dans notre laboratoire ont montré le rôle essentiel de PAI-1 dans la croissance de cellules cancéreuses dorigine murine et linduction dune angiogenèse concomitante (Bajou et al, 1998;Bajou et al, 2001). Bien que ces résultats aient été confirmés par dautres groupes dans différents modèles expérimentaux (Gutierrez et al, 2000;McMahon et al, 2001), très peu dinformations concernant limplication de PAI-1 dans la progression des carcinomes humains étaient disponibles dans la littérature. Cest pourquoi, dans le premier chapitre de ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés au comportement de différentes lignées de carcinomes humains lorsquelles sont placées dans un environnement dépourvu en PAI-1. Lensemble des résultats obtenus est décrit dans la première publication intitulée : « Host plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promotes human skin carcinoma progression in a stage-dependent manner » (Maillard et al, 2005, Neoplasia, 7: 57-66) La synthèse des différentes études utilisant différents modèles expérimentaux in vivo (voir introduction, Tableau 6) a montré quelques divergences quant à linfluence de PAI-1 dans la progression tumorale et la formation de métastases. Ces résultats contradictoires pourraient sexpliquer en partie par la grande diversité des modèles expérimentaux utilisés. Les lignées de cellules tumorales utilisées, le nombre de cellules implantées, ainsi que le site dimplantation chez les animaux sont quelques uns des facteurs pouvant influencer les résultats. Dans ce contexte, lutilisation danimaux transgéniques développant spontanément des lésions tumorales est une alternative attrayante pour étudier limpact dun facteur sur lévolution de ces lésions. A lheure actuelle, un seul groupe sest intéressé à limpact dun déficit en PAI-1 dans un modèle de souris développant de manière spontanée des adénocarcinomes mammaires qui métastasent dans les poumons, et na pas observé de différences entre les animaux déficients en PAI-1 et leurs contrôles de type sauvage (Almholt et al, 2003). Ce deuxième chapitre est consacré à létude de limplication de PAI-1 dans un autre modèle murin de cancérogenèse spontanée, à savoir, les souris TRP-1/SV40 Tag caractérisées par un développement de tumeurs oculaires qui forment des métastases dans le cerveau. Ce travail a été réalisé en collaboration avec le Laboratoire de Vectorologie et de Transfert de Gènes (Docteur M. Perricaudet, UMR8121, Villejuif, France), au cours dun séjour de plus de 6 mois. Lensemble des résultats obtenus est décrit dans la seconde publication intitulée : « Reduction of brain metastases in transgenic ocular tumor in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficient mice » (Maillard et al, soumis pour publication) Les résultats présentés dans le troisième chapitre mettent en avant lintérêt des chambres de transplantation in vivo de kératinocytes tumoraux comme modèle détude des interactions hôte-tumeur. Dans un premier temps, ce modèle nous a permis de déterminer limportance de lorigine cellulaire de PAI-1 (cellules tumorales ou cellules hôtes) sur son effet pro-angiogène. Dautre part, des effets opposés de PAI-1 en fonction de sa concentration ont été mis en évidence et apportent des éléments de réponse quant aux effets pro- ou anti-angiogènes de cet inhibiteur des activateurs du plasminogène. Les résultats sont repris dans la troisième publication intitulée : « Host-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentration is critical for in vivo tumoral angiogenesis and growth » (Bajou et al, 2004, Oncogene, 23:6986-6990) Dans un second temps, en collaboration avec léquipe du Professeur J. Boniver (Laboratoire dAnatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, ULg, Liège), les chambres de transplantation ont été utilisées pour évaluer in vivo lefficacité thérapeutique du GM-CSF comme cytokine favorisant la migration intratumorale de cellules dendritiques matures. Ces travaux sont présentés dans la quatrième publication intitulée : « Delivery of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in bioadhesive hydrogel stimulates migration of dendritic cells in models of human papillomavirus-associated (pre)neoplastic epithelial lesions » (Hubert et al, 2004, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 48: 4342-4348)