• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 9
  • 9
  • 7
  • 5
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Immunological recognition and tumor escape mechanisms of ovarian carcinoma /

Norell, Håkan, January 2006 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
2

Isolation and characterization of human glioma cell models resistant to alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes /

Gomez, German G. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D. in Cancer Biology) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-169). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
3

Immunosuppression associée à l’enzyme interleukine-4 induced gene 1 (IL4I1) : régulation de l’expression dans les cellules humaines et rôle dans l’échappement tumoral à la réponse immune dans un modèle murin / Immunosuppression induced by Interleukin-4 Induced gene 1 (IL4I1) : Regulation of expression in human cells and role in tumor escape from the immune response in a murine model

Lasoudris, Fanette 25 March 2011 (has links)
La protéine IL4I1 est une enzyme sécrétée dont l’activité L-amino acide oxydase vis-à-visde la phénylalanine inhibe la prolifération des lymphocytes T in vitro (Boulland et al, Blood 2007).Comme d’autres enzymes immunosuppressives, elle est exprimée dans les tumeurs au niveau descellules myéloïdes et/ou des cellules tumorales (Carbonnelle-Puscian et al, Leukemia 2009). Le but decette thèse a été de caractériser les conditions d’expression d’IL4I1 et de comprendre son rôle dans lecancer.Nous avons montré que les macrophages et les cellules dendritiques représentent la principalesource d’IL4I1 in vitro et dans des lésions inflammatoires chroniques. L’expression d’IL4I1 dans lesphagocytes mononucléés est induite par les interférons ou les ligands de TLR, activant respectivementSTAT1 et NF-kB, tandis que les lymphocytes B expriment des niveaux nettement plus faibles d’IL4I1sous le contrôle de la voie IL-4/STAT6 et de la voie CD40/NFkB. L’expression d’IL4I1 par des cellulesmonocytaires inhibe la production de cytokines Th1 et pourrait donc contribuer à la régulation del’inflammation Th1 in vivo.Dans un modèle murin de cancer, l’expression d’IL4I1 facilite le développement tumoral endiminuant la réponse T cytotoxique spécifique de la tumeur. Ceci est observé à des niveaux d’activitéIL4I1 proches de ceux mesurés dans des tumeurs humaines, suggérant qu’IL4I1 puisse contribuer àl’échappement des tumeurs au système immunitaire chez l’homme. Nous avons développé plusieursmutants d’IL4I1, afin d’évaluer l’impact de l’activité enzymatique versus celui de l’éventuelle liaison del’enzyme à un récepteur, dans l’effet protumoral observé. Un de ces mutants est actuellementdisponible pour une étude chez la souris.Nos résultats installent définitivement IL4I1 dans le panorama des enzymesimmunosuppressives associées au cancer et ouvrent la voie au développement d’inhibiteursspécifiques comme outils thérapeutiques / The IL4I1 protein is a secreted L-amino acid oxidase, which inhibits T cell proliferationthrough phenylalanine degradation in vitro (Boulland et al, Blood 2007). Similar to previously describedimmunosuppressive enzymes, IL4I1 is expressed in cancer by myeloid cells and/or tumor cells(Carbonnelle-Puscian et al, Leukemia 2009). The aim of this work was to characterize the cells andstimuli associated with IL4I1 expression and to decipher its role in cancer.We showed that macrophages and dendritic cells are the main source of IL4I1 in vitro and inchronic inflammatory lesions. IL4I1 expression in mononuclear phagocytes is induced by interferons orTLR ligands, which act through STAT1 and NFkB respectively. Conversely, B cells express dramaticallylower levels of IL4I1 under the control of IL-4/STAT6 and CD40/NFkB. IL4I1 expression by monocyticcells inhibits the production of Th1 cytokines and may thus contribute to Th1 inflammation control invivo.In a murine model of cancer, IL4I1 expression facilitates tumor development by depressing thetumor specific cytotoxic T cell response. This is observed for IL4I1 activity levels in the range of thosemeasured in human tumors, suggesting that IL4I1 may contribute to tumor immune escape in humans.We developed several IL4I1 mutants to discriminate the role of the enzymatic activity versus the bindingto a putative cell surface receptor in the protumor effect observed. One of these mutants is currentlyavailable for in vivo testing.Our results definitively establish IL4I1 in the family of immunosuppressive enzymes associatedwith cancer and pave the way for the development of specific inhibitors as therapeutic tools
4

Cancer de l’ovaire et immunité anti-tumorale : rôle du Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G) / Ovarian cancer and anti-tumor immunity : Role of Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G)

Azzazene, Dalel 06 December 2012 (has links)
Le cancer de l’ovaire, avec plus de 15.000 décès prévus en 2012, est le cancer gynécologique le plus meurtrier. Alors qu'environ 80% des patientes qui répondent à une chimiothérapie de première ligne, plus de 60% des patientes vont récidiver et seulement 44% seront encore en vie après 5 ans. Le rôle majeur du micro-environnement dans les processus de la carcinogénèse et la progression tumorale a été démontré par de nombreux travaux. Ce concept original de l’initiation et de la progression tumorale fait appel à des approches conceptuelles et expérimentales très diverses. Dans cette étude, nous avons pu démontrer le rôle important de la molécule de tolérance HLA-G (Human Leukocyte Antigene-G), ainsi que son expression et sa régulation par les cellules cancéreuses et les cellules du micro-environnement tumoral. Nous avons étudié les différents facteurs impliqués dans les mécanismes d’échappement tumoral et vérifié in vivo certains protocoles de chimiothérapie à base de médicaments immunomodulateurs. / With more than 15,000 deaths anticipated in 2012, ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecologic malignancy. While approximately 80% of patients will respond to frontline chemotherapy, more than 60% of patients will experience disease recurrence and only 44% will be alive at 5 years. The role of the microenvironment in the process of carcinogenesis and tumor progression has been demonstrated in various studies. This original concept of initiation and tumor progression solicits a very varied conceptual and experimental approach. In this study, we demonstrate the important role of the immunosuppressive molecule HLA-G (Human Leukocyte Antigen-G), and its expression and regulation by cancer cells and tumor microenvironment cells. We studied the various factors involved in the mechanisms immune of tumor escape from the immune system and finally we analyse in vivo some chemotherapy protocols based on the immunomodulatory drugs.
5

Avaliação da expressão da molécula HLA-G no microambiente tumoral e na saliva de pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular de cavidade oral / Evaluation of expression of molecule HLA-G in the microenvironment tumor and saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Gonçalves, Andréia de Souza 31 January 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-02-06T10:04:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Andréia de Souza Gonçalves - 2014.pdf: 1517359 bytes, checksum: 5b0389aea64b9b32f1ae83e69d872ece (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-02-19T12:08:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Andréia de Souza Gonçalves - 2014.pdf: 1517359 bytes, checksum: 5b0389aea64b9b32f1ae83e69d872ece (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-19T12:08:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Andréia de Souza Gonçalves - 2014.pdf: 1517359 bytes, checksum: 5b0389aea64b9b32f1ae83e69d872ece (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / HLA-G is a molecule of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I nonclassical that plays an inhibitory effect on immunocompetent cells that are fundamental in the development of an antitumoral response. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of HLA-G in the microenvironment of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) as well as their relationship with clinical and microscopic parameters. In addition, we aimed also to compare the salivary concentration of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in patients with OCSCC with healthy individuals (control group). The techniques of immunohistochemistry and Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were used. The results revealed, with the immunohistochemistry technique, that expression of HLA-G by tumor cells was significantly higher in metastatic OCSCC (n=30) (72% of samples) when compared with non-metastatic OCSCC (n=30) (28% of samples) (P=0.01 ). Moreover, patients with a lower expression of HLA-G presented a tendency to survival longer (22 months) when compared with those with a higher expression of the molecule (16 months). With reference to other clinicopathological parameters analyzed, only the presence of lymph node metastasis (P=0.01) and depth of tumor invasion (P=0.02) were significantly associated with the expression of HLA-G. By ELISA technique, we showed that the salivary concentration of soluble HLA-G provided no differentiation between patients with OCSCC from healthy individuals, since there was no statistically significant difference between the analyzed groups (P=0.17). The findings of this study revealed that high expression of HLA-G in the microenvironment of metastatic OCSCC may represent a tumor escape mechanism which contributes to lower survival and an unfavorable clinical prognosis. However, concentration of soluble HLA-G in saliva of patients with OCSCC is similar to healthy individuals; thereby sHLA-G does not represent a salivary biomarker prognostic. / O HLA-G é uma molécula do Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade (MHC) de classe I não-clássica que exerce efeito inibidor em células imunocompetentes que são fundamentais no desenvolvimento de uma resposta antitumoral. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão do HLA-G no microambiente do carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) de cavidade oral, bem como a relação dessa molécula com parâmetros clínicos e microscópicos de prognóstico. Além disso, objetivou-se comparar a concentração salivar de HLA-G solúvel (HLA-Gs) nos pacientes com CEC de cavidade oral com indivíduos saudáveis (grupo controle). Técnicas de imunoistoquímica e ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) foram utilizadas. Os resultados revelaram, com a técnica de imunoistoquímica, que a expressão de HLA-G pelas células neoplásicas foi significativamente maior nos casos de CEC de cavidade oral metastático (n=30) (72% das amostras) quando comparado ao CEC não-metastático (n=30) (28% das amostras) (P=0,01). Em adição, pacientes com uma menor expressão de HLA-G apresentaram uma tendência para um maior período de sobrevida (22 meses) em comparação aqueles com uma maior expressão da molécula (16 meses). Com referência aos outros parâmetros clínicopatológicos analisados, evidenciou-se que somente a presença de metástase linfonodal (P=0,01) e profundidade de invasão do tumor (P=0,02) foram significativamente associadas com a expressão de HLA-G. Por meio da técnica de ELISA, foi detectado que a concentração salivar de HLA-G solúvel não possibilitou distinguir pacientes com CEC de cavidade oral dos indivíduos saudáveis, uma vez que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos analisados (P=0,17). Os achados do presente estudo revelaram que a alta expressão de HLA-G no microambiente do CEC com metástase linfonodal pode representar um mecanismo de escape tumoral que contribui para um menor tempo de sobrevida e, consequentemente, pior prognóstico clínico dos pacientes. Entretanto, a quantidade da HLA-Gs na saliva dos pacientes com CEC é semelhante àquela de indivíduos saudáveis, assim a HLA-Gs não representa um marcador salivar de prognóstico.
6

Mechanisms of Resistance to BCG Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer / Mécanismes de résistance au BCG des cancers de la vessie

Rouanne, Mathieu 23 October 2019 (has links)
Le cancer de la vessie est le 9ème cancer le plus fréquent avec 435 000 nouveaux cas diagnostiqués chaque année et 165 000 décès par an dans le monde. Au diagnostic, 70-80% des cancers de la vessie sont tumeurs superficielles n’infiltrant pas le muscle vésical (TVNIM). Depuis près de 40 ans, les instillations intra-vésicales de bacille de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) sont le traitement de référence des TVNIM ayant un risque élevé de progression (T1, carcinome in situ, Ta haut grade). Malgré un traitement bien conduit, le taux de récidive est d'environ 50%, et la progression vers une tumeur infiltrant le muscle est estimé à 20%-30% dans les 5 ans. Jusqu’à 15% des patients développent des métastases de leur carcinome urothélial. Aujourd’hui, aucun biomarqueur ne permet de prédire la réponse au BCG, ni l’évolution métastatique de la maladie. La cystectomie totale reste le traitement de référence en cas de non-réponse au BCG. Plusieurs essais cliniques évaluent des traitements immuno-modulateurs ciblant les points de contrôle immunitaires PD1, PD-L1 en 2° ligne de traitement après échec du BCG. Les instillations endo-vésicales d’adénovirus recombinant, de virus oncolytique ou d'agoniste de la voie STING sont des stratégies thérapeutiques en cours d'évaluation. L'objectif de ce travail était d'étudier les mécanismes de résistance intrinsèques des cellules tumorales exposées au BCG afin d'identifier de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques. / Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease that displays invasive and non-invasive histological features, and a wide spectrum of molecular alterations and subtypes. Treatment of non-invasive tumors with high-risk features (carcinoma in situ, high-grade Ta, T1) includes trans-urethral resection of the tumor, followed by intravesical instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Despite a multitude of evidence for anti-tumor efficacy, 50% of patients with high-risk NMIBC develop tumor recurrence and 20-30% disease progression. Ultimately, 10-15% of patients die of metastatic disease. New therapeutic strategies are currently in clinical development to treat BCG-unresponsive tumors including antagonistic antibodies directed against the T-cell immune checkpoints PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4, but also recombinant adenovirus interferon α (Ad-IFNα/Syn3), oncolytic virus and STING agonists. Although recent studies have identified potential immune parameters that could impact clinical response, mechanisms of tumor resistance to BCG immunotherapy remain poorly understood. Additionally, tumor heterogeneity and plasticity of cancer cells undermine our attempts to precise dynamics of immune escape under selective pressure. How cancer cells evade to the anti-tumor immune response, and whether cancer cells acquire intrinsic undesirable characteristics upon BCG exposure remain unknown. Altogether, this highlights the crucial need to better understand the mechanisms of tumor resistance that occur during BCG immunotherapy in order to identify new targetable pathways and treatment strategies.
7

Expressão do antígeno leucocitário humano G, interleucina 10 e macrófagos M2 no melanoma lentiginoso acral / Expression of human leukocyte antigen-G, Interleukin-10 and M2-macrophages in acral lentiginous melanoma

Zuñiga Castillo, Miguel Angel 17 April 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O melanoma lentiginoso acral (MLA) é um subtipo pouco frequente do melanoma cutâneo que geralmente apresenta evolução desfavorável e agressiva. Os mecanismos patogenéticos relacionados a essa evolução clínica não são totalmente conhecidos. Atualmente, estudos da literatura enfocam os mecanismos de evasão imunológica relacionados ao microambiente do melanoma, uma vez que os mesmos podem inibir a resposta imune antitumoral permitindo a progressão da doença. A expressão do Antígeno Leucocitário Humano G (HLA-G) e da Interleucina 10 (IL-10) e os macrófagos M2 (MM2) do microambiente tumoral são estratégias de evasão imune desenvolvidas por algumas neoplasias. Esses fatores, entretanto, não têm sido estudados especificamente no MLA. OBJETIVOS: Com o propósito de verificar se a expressão tumoral do HLA-G, IL-10 e a população de MM2 no microambiente tumoral estão relacionados com as características histopatológicas preditivas de pior comportamento biológico do melanoma e o evento de metástase, fez-se a comparação desses marcadores e de MM2 entre grupos de MLA e de melanoma extensivo superficial (MES). MÉTODOS: A casuística estudada compreendeu 67 espécimes de MLAs e 67 de MESs. Os tumores foram classificados de acordo com sua espessura, ulceração, presença de mitoses e associação com metástases. Fez-se a demonstração da expressão do HLA-G, IL-10 e de MM2 (CD163+ e CD206+) por técnica de imuno-histoquímica. A expressão (fração de área tumoral imunomarcada) do HLA-G e IL-10, assim como o número de MM2 por unidade de área do microambiente intra e peritumoral foram comparados entre os grupos de tumores classificados como acima mencionado, utilizando-se os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Wilcoxon. Verificou-se a correlação entre os marcadores HLA-G e IL-10 e entre CD163 e CD206 pelo teste de correlação de Pearson. Fez-se um modelo de regressão logística binária no qual foram incluídas incialmente todas as variáveis do estudo e sua interação com o evento presença de metástase. RESULTADOS: A expressão do HLA-G e IL-10 tumoral, assim como o número de MM2 da região intra e peritumoral dos espécimes de MLA foi maior que nos de MES (p < 0,05). Houve correlação positiva entre a expressão do HLA-G e IL-10, assim como entre o número de MM2 marcados por CD163 e CD206. No modelo de regressão logística binária, a variável número de macrófagos imunomarcados pelo anticorpo CD206 da região intratumoral mostrou-se significativa e relacionada com o evento metástase. CONCLUSÕES: As moléculas imunorreguladoras HLA-G e IL-10 expressas pelas células neoplásicas, assim como o número elevado de MM2 do microambiente tumoral devem ser considerados fatores envolvidos no comportamento biológico mais agressivo do MLA / BACKGROUND: Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is an uncommon cutaneous tumor that usually has an aggressive behavior and results in an unfavorable prognosis. The pathogenic mechanism related to the clinical evolution remains unknown. Currently, evasion mechanisms related to the melanoma microenvironment, which can inhibit the anti-tumor immune response allowing disease progression, are the focus of numerous studies. The expression of human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), Interleukin- 10 (IL-10) and M2-Macrophages (MM2) at the tumor site represents one of these immunosuppressive strategies developed for some neoplasms. However, those factors have not been studied specifically in ALM. OBJECTIVES: In order to verify if HLAG and IL-10 tumoral expression as well as MM2 population in the melanoma microenvironment are related to the histopathological features predictive of unfavorable prognosis in melanoma and metastasis, we compared those markers and cells between ALM and superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) groups. METHODS: We analyzed 67 ALM and 67 SSM cases. The tumors were classified in groups according thickness, ulceration, mitosis and metastasis. HLA-G, IL-10 and MM2 (CD163+ and CD206+) expression were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The expression (tumoral positive area fraction) of HLA-G and IL-10, as well as the number of MM2 in the intratumoral and peritumoral area was compared between the groups of melanomas using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon\'s tests. The Pearson\'s test was used to establish the correlation between HLA-G and IL-10, as well as between CD163 and CD206. Also, a binary logistic regression model was used to analyze all variables in relation to metastasis. RESULTS: HLA-G and IL-10 tumoral expression as well as the number of MM2 in the intratumoral and peritumoral area was increased in ALM compared with SSM (p < 0.05). There was positive correlation between HLA-G and IL-10 tumoral expression, as well as between the number of MM2 marked by CD163 and CD206. In the binary logistic regression model, the MM2 CD206+ of the intratumoral area was significantly associated with metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The HLA-G and IL-10 melanoma expression likewise the high number of MM2 in the tumoral microenvironment must be considered as features associated with the increased aggressiveness of the ALM
8

Expressão do antígeno leucocitário humano G, interleucina 10 e macrófagos M2 no melanoma lentiginoso acral / Expression of human leukocyte antigen-G, Interleukin-10 and M2-macrophages in acral lentiginous melanoma

Miguel Angel Zuñiga Castillo 17 April 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O melanoma lentiginoso acral (MLA) é um subtipo pouco frequente do melanoma cutâneo que geralmente apresenta evolução desfavorável e agressiva. Os mecanismos patogenéticos relacionados a essa evolução clínica não são totalmente conhecidos. Atualmente, estudos da literatura enfocam os mecanismos de evasão imunológica relacionados ao microambiente do melanoma, uma vez que os mesmos podem inibir a resposta imune antitumoral permitindo a progressão da doença. A expressão do Antígeno Leucocitário Humano G (HLA-G) e da Interleucina 10 (IL-10) e os macrófagos M2 (MM2) do microambiente tumoral são estratégias de evasão imune desenvolvidas por algumas neoplasias. Esses fatores, entretanto, não têm sido estudados especificamente no MLA. OBJETIVOS: Com o propósito de verificar se a expressão tumoral do HLA-G, IL-10 e a população de MM2 no microambiente tumoral estão relacionados com as características histopatológicas preditivas de pior comportamento biológico do melanoma e o evento de metástase, fez-se a comparação desses marcadores e de MM2 entre grupos de MLA e de melanoma extensivo superficial (MES). MÉTODOS: A casuística estudada compreendeu 67 espécimes de MLAs e 67 de MESs. Os tumores foram classificados de acordo com sua espessura, ulceração, presença de mitoses e associação com metástases. Fez-se a demonstração da expressão do HLA-G, IL-10 e de MM2 (CD163+ e CD206+) por técnica de imuno-histoquímica. A expressão (fração de área tumoral imunomarcada) do HLA-G e IL-10, assim como o número de MM2 por unidade de área do microambiente intra e peritumoral foram comparados entre os grupos de tumores classificados como acima mencionado, utilizando-se os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Wilcoxon. Verificou-se a correlação entre os marcadores HLA-G e IL-10 e entre CD163 e CD206 pelo teste de correlação de Pearson. Fez-se um modelo de regressão logística binária no qual foram incluídas incialmente todas as variáveis do estudo e sua interação com o evento presença de metástase. RESULTADOS: A expressão do HLA-G e IL-10 tumoral, assim como o número de MM2 da região intra e peritumoral dos espécimes de MLA foi maior que nos de MES (p < 0,05). Houve correlação positiva entre a expressão do HLA-G e IL-10, assim como entre o número de MM2 marcados por CD163 e CD206. No modelo de regressão logística binária, a variável número de macrófagos imunomarcados pelo anticorpo CD206 da região intratumoral mostrou-se significativa e relacionada com o evento metástase. CONCLUSÕES: As moléculas imunorreguladoras HLA-G e IL-10 expressas pelas células neoplásicas, assim como o número elevado de MM2 do microambiente tumoral devem ser considerados fatores envolvidos no comportamento biológico mais agressivo do MLA / BACKGROUND: Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is an uncommon cutaneous tumor that usually has an aggressive behavior and results in an unfavorable prognosis. The pathogenic mechanism related to the clinical evolution remains unknown. Currently, evasion mechanisms related to the melanoma microenvironment, which can inhibit the anti-tumor immune response allowing disease progression, are the focus of numerous studies. The expression of human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), Interleukin- 10 (IL-10) and M2-Macrophages (MM2) at the tumor site represents one of these immunosuppressive strategies developed for some neoplasms. However, those factors have not been studied specifically in ALM. OBJECTIVES: In order to verify if HLAG and IL-10 tumoral expression as well as MM2 population in the melanoma microenvironment are related to the histopathological features predictive of unfavorable prognosis in melanoma and metastasis, we compared those markers and cells between ALM and superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) groups. METHODS: We analyzed 67 ALM and 67 SSM cases. The tumors were classified in groups according thickness, ulceration, mitosis and metastasis. HLA-G, IL-10 and MM2 (CD163+ and CD206+) expression were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The expression (tumoral positive area fraction) of HLA-G and IL-10, as well as the number of MM2 in the intratumoral and peritumoral area was compared between the groups of melanomas using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon\'s tests. The Pearson\'s test was used to establish the correlation between HLA-G and IL-10, as well as between CD163 and CD206. Also, a binary logistic regression model was used to analyze all variables in relation to metastasis. RESULTS: HLA-G and IL-10 tumoral expression as well as the number of MM2 in the intratumoral and peritumoral area was increased in ALM compared with SSM (p < 0.05). There was positive correlation between HLA-G and IL-10 tumoral expression, as well as between the number of MM2 marked by CD163 and CD206. In the binary logistic regression model, the MM2 CD206+ of the intratumoral area was significantly associated with metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The HLA-G and IL-10 melanoma expression likewise the high number of MM2 in the tumoral microenvironment must be considered as features associated with the increased aggressiveness of the ALM
9

Avaliação de moléculas envolvidas no escape imunológico em desordens potencialmente malignas de boca / Evaluation of molecules involved in immunological escape in potentially malignant disorders of mouth

Gonçalves, Andréia de Souza 20 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-03-16T17:16:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Andréia de Souza Gonçalves - 2017.pdf: 2952330 bytes, checksum: 1e8c4975cba85c509fcbc41ceea34245 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-20T13:18:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Andréia de Souza Gonçalves - 2017.pdf: 2952330 bytes, checksum: 1e8c4975cba85c509fcbc41ceea34245 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-20T13:18:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Andréia de Souza Gonçalves - 2017.pdf: 2952330 bytes, checksum: 1e8c4975cba85c509fcbc41ceea34245 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Study Rationale: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) consist of morphologically altered tissues, which present a greater risk of malignant transformation than normal tissue. The most frequently found OPMDs are leukoplakia (OL) and actinic cheilitis (AC). It is now known that mutated or genetically altered cells have developed immunomodulatory strategies which allow them to escape antitumor immune response. The immune escape mechanisms used by mutated cells include the expressions of HLA-G, HLA-E and PD-L1 molecules and the IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines. Objective: To evaluate tissue and salivary expressions of HLA-G, HLA-E and PD-L1 molecules and IL-10 and TGF-β1, -β2 e -β3 cytokines in OPMDs, and relate such immunomodulatory mediators with antitumor immune response and potential for malignant transformation of lesions. Methods: Samples of patients with OL (n= 80) were submitted to immunohistochemistry and ELISA techniques to evaluate tissue and salivary expressions of the HLA-G, HLA-E, PD-L1, IL-10, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3. In addition, samples of patients with QA (n= 30) were submitted to immunohistochemistry technique to evaluation tissue expression of HLA-G, HLA-E, PD-L1 and IL-10. Control group (n= 20) consisted of saliva and tissue of healthy individuals. The immunostained tissue samples were measured using a semi-quantitative method in association with staining intensity. The expression of these molecules and cytokines were related with the malignant potential of the lesions (epithelial dysplasia grading, proliferation- Ki-67 and apoptosis index- mutated p53). Moreover, the association with the density of granzyme B (GB+) cells and regulatory T cells FOXP3+ was investigated. The statistical tests used were: Fisher’s exact or Pearson Chi-Squared, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal- Wallis tests. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: Fifteen samples showed severe dysplasia, twenty moderate, thirty-two mild and thirteen non-dysplasia. Forty samples (50%) of OL presented combined high Ki-67/p53. Irrespective of the severity of epithelial dysplasia and proliferation/apoptosis index in OL, an overexpression of HLA-G, -E, PD-L1, IL-10, TGF-β2 and -β3 was found in OL when compared with control (P < 0.05). The number of GB+ and FOXP3+ cells in OL was similar to control. Salivary concentration of sHLA-G, IL-10 and TGF-β did not allow distinction between OL patients and healthy individuals (P > 0.05). As regards to AC, we showed that this lesion had an increase in expression of HLA-G, HLA-E, IL-10 and PD-L1 when compared to control; however this increase was statistically significant only for PD-L1 (P= 0.04). Conclusion: The OL showed a reduced cytotoxic immune response (low number of GB+ cells) associated with a high expression of immunomodulatory mediators; however, this expression was independent of epithelial dysplasia grading, proliferation and apoptosis index. Regarding AC we also showed an increase in expression of HLA-G, -E, IL-10 and PD-L1 when compared to the control. Thus, our findings suggest that this lesion present an immunosuppressive microenvironment which favors the escape of mutated keratinocytes in any stage dysplastic, proliferation or apoptosis which this disease finds itself. / Justificativa do estudo: As desordens potencialmente malignas (DPMs) de boca consistem em tecidos morfologicamente alterados, os quais apresentam maior risco de transformação maligna que o tecido normal. Dentre as DPMs de boca, as mais frequentes são a leucoplasia (LE) e a queilite actínica (QA). Atualmente, sabe-se que células mutadas ou geneticamente alteradas são capazes de desenvolver estratégias imunomodulatórias que lhes permitem a evasão à resposta imune antitumoral. Dentre esses mecanismos, pode-se citar a expressão das moléculas HLA-G, HLA-E e PD-L1 e das citocinas IL-10 e TGF-β. Objetivo: Avaliar a expressão tecidual e salivar das moléculas HLA-G, HLA-E e PD-L1 e das citocinas IL-10 e TGF-β1, -β2 e -β3 em DPMs de boca e relacionar tais mediadores imunomodulatórios com a resposta imune antitumoral e com o potencial de transformação maligna dessas lesões. Metodologia: Amostras de pacientes acometidos pela LE (n= 80) foram submetidas às técnicas da imunoistoquímica e ELISA para avaliação da expressão tecidual e salivar, respectivamente, das proteínas supracitadas. Adicionalmente, amostras de pacientes acometidos pela QA (n= 30) foram submetidas à técnica da imunoistoquímica para avaliação da expressão tecidual das proteínas HLA-G, HLA-E, PD-L1 e IL-10. O grupo controle (n= 20) consistiu de tecido e saliva de indivíduos saudáveis. As amostras teciduais imunomarcadas foram mensuradas por um método semi-quantitativo associado à intensidade de marcação. A expressão dos mediadores imunomodulatórios foi associada com o potencial de malignização das lesões (gradação de displasia epitelial, índice de proliferação celular- Ki-67 e apoptose- p53 mutado). Além disso, a associação com a densidade de células granzima B+ (GB+) e células T regulatórias FOXP3+ foi investigada. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram: teste exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado de Pearson, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal- Wallis. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em P < 0,05. Resultados: No que se refere a LE, o presente estudo demonstrou que 15 amostras apresentaram displasia severa, 20 moderada, 32 leve e 13 sem displasia. Quarenta amostras (50%) apresentram o combinado alto Ki-67/p53. Independente da severidade da displasia epitelial e do índice de proliferação celular/ apoptose, observou-se uma expressão aumentada de HLA-G, HLA-E, PD-L1, IL-10, TGF-β2 e -β3 quando comporado ao controle (P < 0.05). O número de células GB+ e FOXP3+ nas LE foi similar ao controle. Os níveis salivares de HLA-G solúvel (HLA-Gs), IL-10 e TGF-β não nos possibilitou uma diferenciação entre os pacientes com LE e indivíduos saudáveis (P > 0,05). Em relação aos resultados obtidos para QA, evidenciou-se que essa lesão teve um aumento na expressão de HLA-G, HLA-E, IL-10 e PD-L1 em comparação ao controle, todavia esse aumento só foi estatisticamente significativo para o PD-L1 (P= 0,04). Conclusão: As LEs apresentaram uma reduzida resposta imunológica citotóxica (baixo número de células GB+) associada a uma elevada expressão de mediadores imunomodulatórios; todavia essa expressão não possui relação com a gradação de displasia epitelial e índice de proliferação celular e apoptose. Em relação à QA, nós também evidenciamos uma maior expressão de HLA-G, HLA-E, IL-10 e PD-L1 se comparado ao controle. Desta forma, nossos achados sugerem que tais lesões apresentam um microambiente imunossupressor que favorece a evasão de queratinócitos mutados em qualquer estágio de alteração displásica, proliferação ou apoptose que essa doença se encontre.

Page generated in 0.4447 seconds