<p>In object oriented programming, a Call Graph represents the calling relationships between the program’s methods. To be more precise, a Call Graph is a rooted directed graph where each node of the graph represents a method and each edge <em>(u, v)</em> represents a method call from method <em>u </em>to method <em>v.</em></p><p><em></em>Focus of this thesis is on building a framework for Call Graph construction algorithms which can be used in program analysis. Our framework is able to be initialized by different front-ends and constructs various Call Graph algorithms. Here, we instantiate framework with two bytecode readers (ASM and Soot) as front-ends and implement three Call Graph construction algorithms (CHA, RTA and CTA).<em></em></p><p>At first, we used two above mentioned bytecode readers to read the bytecode of a specific Java program, then we found reachable methods for each invoked method; meanwhile we kept obtained details on our own data structures.  Creating data structures for storing required information about Classes, Methods, Fields and Statements, gives us a great opportunity to implement an independent framework for applying well known Call Graph algorithms. As a result of these data structures, Call Graph construction will not depend on bytecode readers; since, whenever we read the bytecode of a program, we accumulate all necessary points in pre-defined data structures and implement our Call Graphs based on this accumulated data.</p><p>Finally, the result is a framework for different Call Graph construction algorithms which is the goal of this thesis. We tested and evaluated the algorithms with a variety of programs as the benchmark and compared the bytecode readers besides the three Call Graph algorithms in different aspects.</p>

In object oriented programming, a Call Graph represents the calling relationships between the program’s methods. To be more precise, a Call Graph is a rooted directed graph where each node of the graph represents a method and each edge (u, v) represents a method call from method u to method v. Focus of this thesis is on building a framework for Call Graph construction algorithms which can be used in program analysis. Our framework is able to be initialized by different front-ends and constructs various Call Graph algorithms. Here, we instantiate framework with two bytecode readers (ASM and Soot) as front-ends and implement three Call Graph construction algorithms (CHA, RTA and CTA). At first, we used two above mentioned bytecode readers to read the bytecode of a specific Java program, then we found reachable methods for each invoked method; meanwhile we kept obtained details on our own data structures.  Creating data structures for storing required information about Classes, Methods, Fields and Statements, gives us a great opportunity to implement an independent framework for applying well known Call Graph algorithms. As a result of these data structures, Call Graph construction will not depend on bytecode readers; since, whenever we read the bytecode of a program, we accumulate all necessary points in pre-defined data structures and implement our Call Graphs based on this accumulated data. Finally, the result is a framework for different Call Graph construction algorithms which is the goal of this thesis. We tested and evaluated the algorithms with a variety of programs as the benchmark and compared the bytecode readers besides the three Call Graph algorithms in different aspects.

<p>I och med Försvarsmaktens omställning till insatsförsvar med internationella åtaganden har sannolikheten för att marina förband ska nyttjas för väpnad strid ökat markant. Med detta följer ett än större behov av att kunna hantera sådana prövningar. I den här uppsatsen provas idealtypsanalys som metod att mäta korvetten HMS Stockholms effektivitet ur ett organisationsteoretiskt perspektiv. Idealtypen, referensfartyget ”HMS Excellence”, skapas genom att använda 7s modellen (Waterman et al.) för att åskåda organisationen och resultat från den Amerikanska studien <em>”Excellence in the Surface Navy”</em> (Gullickson & Chenette) som indikatorer för effektivitet. Genom att presentera intervjudata från HMS Stockholm i samma dimensioner skapas ett underlag för analys.</p><p>Resultaten från uppsatsen visar att HMS Stockholm är ett effektivt stridsfartyg med vissa organisatoriska brister vars orsak kan spåras till intensiteten i pågående insatsförberedelser. Vidare visar analysen att 7s modellen har potential att vara ett användbart verktyg för att optimera ett stridsfartygs organisation samt som en komponent i idealtypsanalys.</p> / <p>Because of the Swedish Armed Forces reformation from an operational defense force to a rapid action force with international commitments the odds of naval units being involved in armed confrontation has distinctively increased. This leads to an even greater need for battle readiness. In this thesis ideal type analysis is tried as a method to assess the efficiency of the Swedish warship HMS Stockholm from an organization theoretical perspective. The ideal case, a reference war ship named HMS Excellence, is created by combining results from Gullickson & Chenettes study <em>Excellence in the Surface Navy, </em>with the 7s framework. HMS Stockholm is presented in the same manner combining interview data with the 7s framework. The difference between the ideal case and empirical case is used as a measurement of HMS Stockholm´s efficiency.</p><p>The author concludes that HMS Stockholm is an effective organization with an occasional weakness in the systems dimension due to the intensity of deployment preparations. Also, the author argues for ideal type analysis, using the 7s framework, as a tool to optimize deployment preparations and the 7s framework as a tool to optimize war ship organizations.</p>

I och med Försvarsmaktens omställning till insatsförsvar med internationella åtaganden har sannolikheten för att marina förband ska nyttjas för väpnad strid ökat markant. Med detta följer ett än större behov av att kunna hantera sådana prövningar. I den här uppsatsen provas idealtypsanalys som metod att mäta korvetten HMS Stockholms effektivitet ur ett organisationsteoretiskt perspektiv. Idealtypen, referensfartyget ”HMS Excellence”, skapas genom att använda 7s modellen (Waterman et al.) för att åskåda organisationen och resultat från den Amerikanska studien ”Excellence in the Surface Navy” (Gullickson &amp; Chenette) som indikatorer för effektivitet. Genom att presentera intervjudata från HMS Stockholm i samma dimensioner skapas ett underlag för analys. Resultaten från uppsatsen visar att HMS Stockholm är ett effektivt stridsfartyg med vissa organisatoriska brister vars orsak kan spåras till intensiteten i pågående insatsförberedelser. Vidare visar analysen att 7s modellen har potential att vara ett användbart verktyg för att optimera ett stridsfartygs organisation samt som en komponent i idealtypsanalys. / Because of the Swedish Armed Forces reformation from an operational defense force to a rapid action force with international commitments the odds of naval units being involved in armed confrontation has distinctively increased. This leads to an even greater need for battle readiness. In this thesis ideal type analysis is tried as a method to assess the efficiency of the Swedish warship HMS Stockholm from an organization theoretical perspective. The ideal case, a reference war ship named HMS Excellence, is created by combining results from Gullickson &amp; Chenettes study Excellence in the Surface Navy, with the 7s framework. HMS Stockholm is presented in the same manner combining interview data with the 7s framework. The difference between the ideal case and empirical case is used as a measurement of HMS Stockholm´s efficiency. The author concludes that HMS Stockholm is an effective organization with an occasional weakness in the systems dimension due to the intensity of deployment preparations. Also, the author argues for ideal type analysis, using the 7s framework, as a tool to optimize deployment preparations and the 7s framework as a tool to optimize war ship organizations.

The aim of this study was to analyze how realism and liberalism are represented in requests concerning the question about a Swedish membership in Nato written by members of the Swedish Moderate Party in 2010, 2013, 2015 and 2017 respectively. The time period was chose due to Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, which created a higher threat level in areas that are in close proximity of Sweden and which makes the debate about a Swedish membership in Nato very topical. To be able to answer the aim of this study, ideal type analysis was used as the method. Analyzing the occurrence of realism and liberalism within three political issues: security, collaboration and international organizations. The results show that the realistic and the liberal ideal type could be identified in requests concerning collaboration. However, within the political issues of security and international organizations only the liberal ideal type could be identified. Hence, there was not possible to identify any ideological change between realism and liberalism. In seven occasions none of the ideal types could be identified. Considering that the study included some eventful years, the result of no ideological changes are to be seen as fairly unexpected.

This document describes methods for a reconstruction of data types in the decompilation problem. It defines the concept of reverse engineering and introduces decompiler developed by the Lissom project. It presents existing methods of reconstruction of the simple and complex data types, and explains in detail approaches based on data-flow analysis and analysis of the memory operation offsets. The core of this thesis is the design of a new technique of reconstructing simple and complex data types, suitable for deployment in a retargetable decompiler environment of the Lissom project. Basic principles of the new technique, its implementation and related changes in decompiler and intermediate language are described. The solution is tested and the conclusion discusses the achievements, shortcomings and direction of the further work.

The Social Democrats in Denmark and Sweden have dominated the socio-politicalspectrum for decades with a discourse based on the principles of solidarity, equality andfreedom. Since the migrant crisis hit the European Union in 2015, these parties havestrengthened their discourse towards migration and migrant incorporation concerningtheir access to the welfare system. The use of identity for theory, together with thevariables of national identity, the rise of far-right parties, the troublesome fitting ofnational identity and the EU and the economic revision will be analysed in this thesis. Byusing an ideal type analysis for a method, this thesis will explore the shift in the discoursefrom the Social Democrats by looking at their political programs before and after themigrant crisis to find out the changes Third Country Nationals have these days whenaccessing the system and try to obtain social benefits.

This thesis examines how New public management has affected the governance of elderly care in Swedish municipalities.  In recent years, the Swedish media, unions for people working in elderly care and other societal actors, have reported on flaws in both the working environment for the people working in elderly care and in the care that is provided to the elders. This thesis examines how the ideas behind the term New public management are implemented in a public organization that is facing a lot of challenges and therefore is struggling to deliver good quality services to the residents. This is done by an in depth analysis of the governance of the elderly care in a single Swedish municipality, Arvika kommun. This analysis also aims to explore the relationship between the challenges that the Swedish elderly care is facing and the implementation of reforms that are associated with the term New public management.  The analysis is based on a model for ideal type analysis and the material that is analyzed consist of a policy document that describes the elderly care in Arvika kommun and transcribed interviews with four informants who are working as managers in the elderly care in Arvika kommun. The ideal types that have been constructed are based on the doctrines that Christopher Hood formulated as the content of the term New public management.  The results from the analysis shows that the ideas behind the term New public management are implemented in the governing of the elderly care in Arvika kommun in a large number of ways. For example in the use of explicit standards and measures of performance, private sector styles of management and the disaggregation of units. The most prominent way in which the ideas behind the term New public management are implemented in the governing of the elderly care is in the focus on discipline and parsimony in resource use which is something that affects the whole organization.  Like some of the previous studies that examine New public management in relation to Swedish elderly care, this thesis also presents the result that there is a connection between the challenges that the elderly care is facing and the implementation of reforms associated with New public management. New public managements focus on making everything more time- and cost effective gives the staff working in elderly care a more stressful working environment. The stressful working environment leads to people resigning and a staff shortage which in turn leads to a lower quality in the care that is provided to the elders.

This paper investigates whether the Swedish state has had a change of policy from a liberal to a more realistic view in the work against terrorism as the threat of terrorist acts has become more apparent in recent years. To investigate this, a comparative ideal-type analysis of Swedish strategies against terrorism is applied. In summary, the analysis shows that a direct change of policy cannot be seen, but that there are traits of realistic principles in the current strategy. This study is an important addition in both the social and academic arena as previous research on terrorism in Sweden in general and Swedish security strategies in particular is scarce.

The focus of this thesis lies on tracing the similarities and differences between Liberal conservatism, Christian democracy and National conservatism, its relationship to the Moderates, Christian Democrats and Sweden Democrats' parties’ own interpretations of conservatism with a further ambition to discuss the ideological preconditions of a conservative parliamentary coalition. This study is based on the assumption that differences and similarities between various types of conservatism depend on relationship between political ideas and political practice. This relationship explains by a model that divides conservatism into fundamental and operative elements. The fundamental element of conservatism is an idea of human imperfection which leads to political skepticism, traditionalism and organicism. Operative elements are identified with support in the classical literature that describes the meaning of each type of conservative practice in a particular context. Furthermore, a typology of three ideal types of conservatism derives from fundamental and operational elements. Based on this typology, the parties' own manifesto is analyzed. The results show that the parties' own interpretations of conservatism contain both similarities that correspond to the fundamental elements and differences that are explained by the contextdependent operative elements. The thesis then opens up for a discussion about how those ideological similarities and differences affects possibilities for a conservative parliamentary coalition.