With the introduction of 4G LTE, multiple new technologies were introduced. MIMO is one of the important technologies introduced with fourth generation. The main MIMO modes used in LTE are open loop and closed loop spatial multiplexing modes. This thesis develops an algorithm to calculate the threshold values of UE speed and SNR that is required to implement a switching algorithm which can switch between different MIMO modes for a UE based on the speed and channel conditions (CSI). Specifically, this thesis provides the values of UE speed and SNR at which we can get better results by switching between open loop and closed loop MIMO modes and then be scheduled in sub-channels accordingly. Thus, the results can be used effectively to get better channel capacity with less ISI. The main objectives of this thesis are: to determine the type of MIMO mode suitable for a UE with certain speed, to determine the effects of SNR on selection of MIMO modes, and to design and implement a scheduling algorithm to enhance channel capacity.

The wireless world of today is essential to the everyday life of millions of people. Wireless technology is evolving at a rapid pace that's speed outmatches what the previous testing can handle. This necessitates the need for smarter and faster testing methods. One of the recent fast and efficient testing methods is fuzz testing. Fuzz testing is the generation and injection of unexpected input called "fuzzed" input for a system by slightly changing a base input hundreds or even thousands of times and introducing each change into a system to observe its effects. In this thesis, we developed and implemented a fuzz testing architecture to test 5G wireless system vulnerabilities. The proposed design uses multiple open-source software to create a virtual wireless environment for testing the fuzzed inputs' effects on the wireless attach procedure. Having an accessible and adaptable fuzzing architecture to use with wireless networks will help against malicious parties. Due to 5G simulation technology still being developed and the cost of ready-made 5G testing equipment, the architecture was implemented in an LTE environment using the srsRAN LTE simulation software, the Boofuzz fuzzing software, and Wireshark packet capture software. The results show consistent effects of the fuzz testing on the outputs of the LTE eNB. We also include a discussion of our future suggestions to improve the proposed fuzzing architecture. / Master of Science / The persistence of the cellular network is essential to the everyday life of millions of people. Cell phones and cell towers play an important role in business, communication, and recreation across the globe. The speed of advancements made in phones and cell towers technology is outpacing the speed of security testing, increasing the possibility of system vulnerabilities and unexplored back-doors. To cover the security testing gap, different automated testing models are being researched and developed, one of which is fuzz testing. Fuzz testing is the generation and injection of unexpected input called "fuzzed" input for a system by slightly changing a base input hundreds or even thousands of times and introducing each change into a system to observe its effects. The fuzzing architecture proposed in this thesis is used to test for security flaws in wireless cellular networks. We implemented our fuzz testing model in a simulated 4G cellular network, where the results show the effectiveness of the model on tracing network vulnerabilities. The results of the experiment show consistent effects of the fuzz testing on a wireless system. A discussion of how the proposed model can be further improved for future work is added to the end of this thesis.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Droit public : Reims : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 348-379.

3GPP is in the process of enumerating functionality for Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF). The ANDSF includes data management and control functionality which are essential for providing network discovery and selection function to the User Equipment (UE, MS, mobile station) w.r.t. operators’ policy. A lack of quantitative measures of ANDSF benefits was identified so our task is to identify these benefits. The aim of the thesis is to present ideas for how to obtain such measures and we develop a tool which implements (some of) these ideas and finally we have examples of possible results which will support such a discussion with numbers. This report also discusses different number of use case scenarios (such as ANDSF and USER) which we implement in our simulation tool. In our simulation model we use to impose preferred strategy, reduced delays and losses, and system utilization efficiency. One more thing likes to clarify that the numbers which we use in our model are just examples. It can be any number but they will give us the same behavior of learning. Providing real gains is outside the scope of our study. / The aim of the thesis is to identify quantitative measures of ANDSF benefits. Our contribution is to develop ideas for how to obtain such measures in order to identify ANDSF benefits. We developed a simulation tool which implements some of these ideas. In simulation tool we impose preferred strategies, reduced delays and losses and work on system utilization efficiency in order to identify ANDSF benefits. In our simulation model we use different implementation terminologies like network traffic, access networks, and preferences w.r.t. quality as well as w.r.t. strategies. We have two main scenarios ANDSF and USER; we also perform extensive comparative study in order to evaluate analysis of gains from ANDSF. We have examples of possible results and our numbers are just examples because providing real gains is outside our study. We evaluate our scenarios w.r.t. three main aspects; how well the strategies are fulfilled? How many attempts are required for users? and compare blocking probabilities. The overall conclusion of the thesis is to find out the reasons that why ANDSF is a better choice for network selection as compare to users themselves. Our results shows that ANDSF is a better option for network selection because it helps users towards use their service efficiently as well as avoid blocking; even in real environment the ANDSF becomes aware of less congested access networks in the area the UE is located, and provides instructions to the UE to move the existing IP flows to the less congested access network. / +46762173562

The main aim of my master thesis was to get acquainted with the implementation of quality-of-service support methods in UMTS 3G mobile network and the evaluation of these methods in a simulation environment with main interest in the characteristic features of the traffic classes. The impact of the QoS methods available on different service types were verified in the OPNET Modeler simulation environment. I examined mainly the potentials of the model to support the required quality parameters for the connections. The models of typical network applications, available in real UMTS networks, together with two examples of mobile networks, operating voice and video services in combination with standard data services, were defined in this simulation environment. My work also contains the detailed description of configuration parameters fundamental for correct behavior of the simulation models. The simulation also shows the case, when the transport service is rejected due to the lack of network resources. The key parameters of the model are also described and their effect on the service quality with and without QoS control are compared in separate scenarios. Finally, I investigated the effect of mobility of the end stations on the communication process, especially on the duration of a file transmission.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-07-11T15:30:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alana Virginia Santos Vieira_.pdf: 723573 bytes, checksum: b47f6e01d706f3b68e31a215306997b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-11T15:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alana Virginia Santos Vieira_.pdf: 723573 bytes, checksum: b47f6e01d706f3b68e31a215306997b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-06 / Nenhuma / Este estudo emprega o Modelo de Equilíbrio Geral Computável Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP, V.9) para avaliar os impactos da consolidação de um acordo preferencial de comércio entre o Brasil e a UE e entre o MERCOSUL e a UE sobre fluxos comerciais, PIB e bem-estar dessas regiões. São implementadas quatro simulações envolvendo o Brasil, o MERCOSUL e a UE, considerando a redução tanto das barreiras tarifárias, quanto das barreiras não tarifárias, com o intuito de identificar o cenário mais benéfico para o Brasil. Os resultados mostram que o ganho de bem-estar para o Brasil gerado por um acordo Brasil-UE, que consista na redução parcial das barreiras tarifárias e não tarifárias, é maior do que os ganhos decorrentes de uma negociação da mesma magnitude entre o MERCOSUL e a União Europeia. Os efeitos são particularmente positivos para a agropecuária e para a indústria alimentícia brasileira, o que pode, em contrapartida, aprofundar o padrão de especialização regressiva das exportações do país. / This study employs the Computable General Equilibrium Model Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP, V.9) to assess the impact of a preferential trade agreement between Brazil and the EU and between MERCOSUR and the EU on trade flows, GDP and welfare of these regions. Four simulations involving Brazil, MERCOSUR and the EU, considering different levels of integration, are implemented in order to identify the most beneficial scenario for Brazil. Results show that the welfare gain generated by a Brazil-EU trade deal is higher than the gains arising from an agreement between Mercosur and the EU. Reducing NTBs tends to maximize the results for both agreements. Impacts are particularly positive for Brazil’s agricultural and food industries, which may, however, deepen the regressive pattern of specialization of the country’s exports.

El artículo muestra que los instrumentos jurídicos europeos en materia de Derecho internacional Privado o de Derecho Procesal internacional Privado proporcionan reglas especiales directas y más o menos simples que favorecen a los consumidores. Estos son beneficiados con la aplicación de la ley del país en el que residen habitualmente, y al conferirse jurisdicción a los tribunales del país de su domicilio. Los acuerdos de particulares en contra de esto están estrictamente limitados. El artículo también destaca la importancia de las normas de la UE para Sudamérica.The article illustrates that european legal instruments regarding private international law or private international procedural law provide direct and more or less simple special rules favouring consumers. Consumers are privileged by the application of the law of the country in which they habitually reside and by jurisdiction being vested in the courts within the country of their domicile. Party agreements providing otherwise are strictly limited. The paper also highlights the relevance of the EU norms for South-America.

L’engagement de l’Union européenne d’agir sur la scène internationale dans le cadre du multilatéralisme onusien fait de l’ONU une organisation avec laquelle l’Union cherche à établir des rapports privilégiés. Entre les deux organisations s’est développée une coopération matérielle importante couvrant la quasi-totalité des domaines d’activités de chacune. L’objet de cette recherche et d’analyser les rapports établis entre les deux institutions dans leur étendue, en dégageant une dynamique d’ensemble. L’approche dynamique est imposée en outre par le caractère évolutif de ces rapports. Ils sont marqués par la nature juridique de l’UE et de l’ONU. S’ils sont régis par le droit des relations entre les organisations internationales, en raison du caractère unique de chacune dans l’ordre juridique international, leurs rapports sont imprégnés d’une importante mesure d’originalité. En tant que rapports entre ensemblesautonomes mais limités par leurs compétences, ils apparaissent en outre comme des rapports fonctionnels, en permettant une articulation des ordres juridiques des deux organisations ainsi que, à travers leur collaboration, une rationalisation des moyens mis à leur disposition par les Etats membres. Dans ce cadre, les deux organisations explorent des modalités de rapports interinstitutionnels inédites entre les organisations internationales. / With the commitment of the European Union to act on the international scene within theframework of the United Nations’ multilateralism, the latter became an organization with which the EU intends to establish a privileged relationship. The two organizations developed an important field cooperation covering almost all of the areas of their activity. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relations established between the two organizations in their extent, by highlighting their dynamics as a whole. The dynamical approach is imposed as well by the evolutionary character of this relationship. It is shaped by the legal nature of the EU and the UN. If their relationship is governed by the law of the relations between international organizations, because of the unique character of both the EU and the UN in the international legal order, it is also characterized by an important measure of originality. As a relationship between autonomous but limited, by their competences, subjects, it appears to be as well a functional relationship, by allowing an articulation of the legal orders of both organizations and, through their collaboration, a rationalization of the means provided to them by the Member States. In this context, the EU and the UN explore in their relationship new interorganizational modalities.

Bakgrund: Sedan slutet av 1960-talet har flera studier kunnat påvisa drift i aktiepriset efter att ett bolag publicerat en kvartalsrapport, något som benämns som Post-earningsannouncement drift (PEAD). När bolagets resultat varit bättre än det marknaden förväntade sig har aktiepriset fortsatt stiga under en längre period, vilket går emot etablerade hypoteser om en effektiv marknad. Det motsatta har skett när bolaget publicerat ett sämre resultat än vad marknaden förväntat sig. Eftersom den svenska marknaden är relativt outforskad och att den kontinuerligt förändras är det intressant att undersöka om den anomali som nyss beskrivits fortsatt existerar på Stockholmsbörsen, om den går att använda som lönsam investeringsstrategi och huruvida det finns skillnader i aktieprisdrift mellan branscher eftersom det aldrig tidigare studerats. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att analysera huruvida PEAD förekommer på Nasdaq Stockholmsbörsen och om det existerar skillnader i aktieprisdrift mellan branscher under perioden 2014–2018. Studien avser vidare studera om det är möjligt att utforma en lönsam investeringsstrategi baserad på PEAD. Metod: För att uppnå studiens syfte tillämpades en deduktiv ansats och en kvantitativ metod. För att analysera PEAD på Stockholmsbörsen baserades portföljer på Unexpected Earnings (UE) och två modeller benämnda Buy-and-hold-abnormal returns (BHAR) och Calendar-Time regression model (CTP) användes för att illustrera och testa portföljernas avkastning. Resultat: Studiens resultat tyder på att PEAD fortfarande existerar på Stockholmsbörsen, men att resultatet skiljer sig något från tidigare studier. En drift i positiv riktning påvisas i innevarande studie i portföljer av bolag som publicerat såväl bättre som sämre resultat än vad marknaden förväntat sig. I tidigare studier har portföljer av bolag som publicerat sämre resultat än marknaden förväntat sig istället haft en negativ. Vidare visar resultatet att det återfunnits skillnader i drift mellan undersökta branscher och att PEAD sannolikt inte är en lönsam investeringsstrategi. / Background: Since the end of 1960 several studies has indicated a delay in stock price movements after the publishing of a company's interim report. When the earnings of a company were higher than expected, the stock price continued to rise for an extended period, which contradicts the different hypothesis of efficient markets. The opposite effect was observed when the earnings were lower than expected. Due to the limited number of studies regarding PEAD conducted on the Swedish stock market, and the fact that the stock markets are constantly changing, it is interesting to examine and analyze if the anomaly still exists on Stockholmsbörsen. Another point of interest to research is whether it would be possible to earn abnormal returns through a PEAD investment strategy and analyze if there are differences in drift depending on the industry. Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze whether PEAD exists on Nasdaq Stockholmsbörsen and if differences in stock price drift exists between industries during the period 2014-2018. The study further means to study whether it is possible to implement a profitable investment strategy based on PEAD. Methodology: In order to reach the aim of the study a quantitative method and deductive approach were used. In order to analyze PEAD on the Swedish stock market portfolios based on Unexpected Earnings (UE) were formed and two models named Buy-and-hold-abnormal returns (BHAR) and Calendar-Time regression model (CTP) were used in order to illustrate and test the portfolio returns. Results: The results of the study indicated that PEAD exists on Stockholmsbörsen, but that the results differ from previous studies. A positive drift was observed in both the portfolios which were based on positive and negative earnings surprises in relation to the market's expectations. In previous studies the portfolio based on companies which reported negative earnings surprise had a negative drift, which differs from this study’s results. Furthermore, this study’s results indicate that an investment strategy based on PEAD is not profitable and that differences in drift could be observed depending on the industry.

A refugee is a human being who has had to take care the most difficult decision ever-to cut his roots.Move. Sometimes out of blind far because his life was in Langer, on the other occasio ns because he simply could not breathe intellectually. We do not have to list the scores of reasons man has had and will have for reaching this decision. Newspapers, radio and television have ilustrated them for decades and ther will be new sad stories in the futures. Because people are what they are. This world develops refugee problems. We help to solve them in a practical and cocncrete manner. The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees acts on behalf of uprooted people. As a rule it concerns itself with those who are outsider thein former country and do not enjoy its protection for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. These people are, chat we call-mandate refugees. They are entitled to UNHCRs protection irrespective of thein geographical location.