Today the Sjöbjörn studio has a mixing console controlled by a PC with outdated software and hardware technology. The hardware requires an ISA-bus to work at all and thereby limits the upgrades that can be made to the computer. The software runs in a DOS environment and has not been updated for a long time as well. This makes working with the mixing console more difficult then it has to be and new features are hard to implement. In this thesis I have developed new hardware so that a more powerful computer can be used which hopefully will allow for a more user friendly interface and make it easier for future upgrades and additions. The thesis presents a solution on how to upgrade the system all the way from the PCcommunication to the hardware designs. The project was based around the Microchip PIC18F4550 microcontroller for the hardware and the Visual Basic.NET programming language for the PC software.

This thesis deals with the use-expansion of Mecalac 714 MW excavators. There are three modifications of this device which improve its applicabibility and versatility in constructional machines branch. The first modification is creating additional frame for additional devices transportation. The second one is mechanical enlargement of supporting feet for better stabilisation during working regime. The third one is creating the device for transportation of materials stored on pallets. This thesis presents the description of all devices, the way of fastening to the excavator, stability calculatoins and the calculatoin of economic demandingness.

The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) upgrade project aims at improving the performance of the muon spectrometer of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment which will suffer from the increase in luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). After a long technical stop in 2019-2020, the LHC will restart and run at a luminosity of 2 10^34 cm^-2 s^-1, twice its nominal value. This will in turn increase the rate of particles to which detectors in CMS will be exposed and affect their performance. The muon spectrometer in particular will suffer from a degraded detection efficiency due to the lack of redundancy in its most forward region. To solve this issue, the GEM collaboration proposes to instrument the first muon station with Triple-GEM detectors, a technology which has proven to be resistant to high fluxes of particles. Within the GEM collaboration, the Data Acquisition (DAQ) subgroup is in charge of the development of the electronics and software of the DAQ system of the detectors.This thesis presents the work of the author as lead developer of the firmware for the front-end and back-end electronics. These developments have been performed from the ground up and designed to transfer data from the analog front-end to the off-detector electronics while offering extensive control and monitoring capabilities. The developed DAQ chain has been tested extensively during two test beam campaigns which provided results on both the stability of the system and the efficiency of the detectors. The results of these campaigns are described in the present thesis. Further characterization of the electronics is also described along with the procedures and tools built to qualify the components for their installation in CMS. Finally, the results of the irradiation tests performed on the on-detector electronics are presented. These allowed us to understand the effects of radiation on the electronic boards used for the GEM upgrade project and the impact that it has on the design of the firmware for CMS.Additionally, the work of the author on a new architecture for DAQ systems is described. The latter uses modified network topologies and novel web technologies to increase the available bandwidth on the network and yield an event-driven system. / Cette thèse de doctorat s'inscrit dans le projet de mise à niveau du spectromètre à muons du Compact Muon Solénoid (CMS) auprès du Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Après un arrêt pour maintenance prévu en 2019-2020, le LHC reprendra son programme de recherche à une luminosité de 2 $ imes$ 10^34 cm^-2 s^-1, soit deux fois sa valeur nominale. Ceci aura pour conséquence d'accroître le taux de particules auquel seront soumis les détecteurs de CMS et d'entraver l'efficacité de détection de ces derniers. Le spectromètre à muons de CMS sera tout particulièrement touché à cause du manque de redondance dans sa partie avant. Afin de palier à ce problème, il est proposé d'installer des détecteurs Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) dans la première station à muons. La technologie GEM répond aux besoins de CMS en offrant une excellente efficacité de détection à de hauts flux de particules. Au sein de la collaboration GEM, le sous-groupe en charge du système d'acquisition de données (DAQ) doit développer l'électronique et les logiciels de gestion de la chaîne de lecture des détecteurs.Nous présentons ici le travail de l'auteur réalisé en tant que principal développeur du firmware pour l'électronique du système DAQ. Ces développements visent à créer une architecture qui achemine les données depuis l'électronique de lecture du détecteur jusqu'aux systèmes situés dans la zone de comptage, tout en offrant la possibilité de contrôler et surveiller l'ensemble des composants du DAQ. Le système mis en place a été largement testé durant deux campagnes de tests en faisceaux qui ont fourni des informations concernant la stabilité du DAQ ainsi que des mesures de l'efficacité des détecteurs. Nous décrivons également l'ensemble des travaux réalisés afin de caractériser les composants électroniques avant leur installation dans CMS ainsi que les résultats des tests d'irradiation effectués sur l'électronique du détecteur. Ces derniers permettent de mieux comprendre les conséquences des radiations sur le système et de développer des méthodes de mitigation.De plus, le travail de l'auteur sur la création d'une nouvelle architecture de système DAQ est décrit. Cette dernière combine les avancées récentes en terme de technologies web à une topologie de réseaux non-classique afin d'accroître la bande passante disponible et de créer un système réactif. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences School of Education 0311556x bashamots@yahoo.com / This study primarily aimed to find out how university degrees influence career paths and workplace practices of the graduates. A tracer survey was carried out using the 1997 Bachelor (primary) of education graduates of the University of Botswana. Data was collected qualitatively using unstructured interviews and analysis of documents. A bachelor (primary) of education degree programme was introduced at university level to enhance professional practice in the workplace. However the degree seemed not to have achieved this. Instead it seemed to have led the pull out of teachers from their initial work setting in the primary department to other departments. This is due to the fact that degrees do different things that do not fall into university programme design. This is also due largely to the fact that when degrees are designed they do not take into account the complexity of the challenges and experiences that teachers are faced with in the workplace. In fact, some of the challenges and experiences have nothing to do with the qualifications conferred by the degree like salaries, personal interrelations, lack of promotion prospects and professional roles devalued. All these things push teachers to leave. Though some of the teachers may be competent enough in their jobs, they still need degrees to authenticate their profession. The study concludes that the BEd (primary) degree programme is not necessarily job related. Therefore the study strongly recommends that the BEd (primary) programme be reviewed thoroughly to ensure that it leads to professional development of teachers in primary schools.

This thesis investigates ion-molecule reaction studies with the use of an apparatus with a cryogenic 22-pole RF ion trap. In the introduction, we explain the suitability of an ion trap technique for measurements with conditions replicating interstellar medium. We created a technical draft by which we propose an upgrade of ion optics in a region between a mass analyser and a detector. The draft consists of a set of electrostatic electrodes. The proper effect on the ion optics was theoretically tested by multiple simulations in a programmed model of the detection system. We installed the set of electrodes into the apparatus. The new configuration was optimized by using an algorithm for finding extremes of a function. Finally, we tested the upgraded apparatus on a study of an ion- molecule reaction. The new configuration shows stability and greater control over the trajectory of an ion beam. The study's results are being prepared for publication in an impacted journal. 1

In the context of an intensive upgrade plan for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in order to provide proton beams of increased luminosity, a revision of the data readout electronics of the Liquid-Argon-Calorimeter of the ATLAS detector is scheduled. This is required to retain the efficiency of the trigger at increased event rates despite its fixed bandwidth. The focus lies on the early digitization and finer segmentation of the data provided to the trigger. Furthermore, there is the possibility to implement new energy reconstruction algorithms which are adapted to the specific requirements of the trigger. In order to constitute crucial design decisions, such as the digitization scale or the choice of digital signal processing algorithms, comprehensive simulations are required. High trigger efficiencies are decisive at it for the successful continuation of the measurements of rare StandardModel processes as well as for a high sensitivity to new physics beyond the established theories. It can be shown that a significantly improved resolution of the missing transverse energy calculated by the trigger is achievable due to the revised segmentation of the data. Various energy reconstruction algorithms are investigated in detail. It can be concluded that these will facilitate reliable trigger decisions for all expected working conditions and for the whole possible energy range.

The current linear “take-make-use-dispose” approach relies on an ever-increasing demand of new products as a driver of economic growth. In this approach, companies usually make profit by frequent product replacements, even though these products are typically still fully functional. This is unsustainable as it strains natural resources and contributes significantly to environmental degradation. To counter this, the concept of a CE promotes extending product lifecycles through strategies such as reuse, repair, remanufacture, or recycling. One effective strategy is upgrading certain product modules to incorporate the latest technological developments, thereby extending the lifetime of a product, improving functionality, and thus creating additional value for the customer. However, companies face the challenge of planning products and the associated technologies across multiple product generations. A lever for this is technology foresight, aiming to identify emerging technological developments at an early stage so companies can exploit their potential. This approach helps to pinpoint the technological areas of a product with high innovation cycles that are ideal for upgrades to meet new customer requirements and extend the product's lifetime. This thesis focuses on developing an approach for technology foresight to enable an upgrade circular economy. The research includes a review of existing literature about technology foresight and upgrade circular economy, identifying key gaps and opportunities for innovation. The proposed approach combines market-pull and technology-push, as both are drivers for the development of new technologies. The market-pull perspective aims to identify key factors driving technological developments through market-oriented influences such as changing market trends or customer requirements. These requirements are translated into technical functions using the QFD method. The technology-push perspective, on the other hand, aims to identify key factors driving technological developments through technology-oriented influences such as new scientific discoveries. The proposed approach distinguishes between inside-out and outside-in technology identification. The identified technologies are then analyzed based on their development dynamics using publication or patent analysis. The theoretical approach developed in this thesis serves as a starting point for further research activities to implement the idea of an upgrade circular economy. / Den nuvarande linjära "take-make-use-dispose"-strategin bygger på en ständigt ökande efterfrågan på nya produkter som drivkraft för ekonomisk tillväxt. Enligt detta synsätt tjänar företagen pengar på att ofta byta ut produkter, trots att dessa produkter vanligtvis fortfarande är fullt funktionsdugliga. Detta är ohållbart eftersom det tär på naturresurserna och bidrar till en betydande miljöförstöring. För att motverka detta främjar CE-konceptet en förlängning av produkternas livscykler genom strategier som återanvändning, reparation, återtillverkning eller återvinning. En effektiv strategi är att uppgradera vissa produktmoduler för att införliva den senaste tekniska utvecklingen och därigenom förlänga produktens livslängd, förbättra funktionaliteten och därmed skapa mervärde för kunden. Företagen står dock inför utmaningen att planera produkter och tillhörande teknik över flera produktgenerationer. En hävstång för detta är teknisk framsynthet, som syftar till att identifiera nya tekniska utvecklingar på ett tidigt stadium så att företagen kan utnyttja deras potential. Detta tillvägagångssätt hjälper till att identifiera de tekniska områden i en produkt med höga innovationscykler som är idealiska för uppgraderingar för att uppfylla nya kundkrav och förlänga produktens livslängd. Denna avhandling fokuserar på att utveckla ett tillvägagångssätt för teknikprognoser för att möjliggöra en uppgraderad cirkulär ekonomi. Forskningen omfattar en genomgång av befintlig litteratur om teknikprognoser och uppgradering av cirkulär ekonomi, och identifierar viktiga luckor och möjligheter till innovation. Det föreslagna tillvägagångssättet kombinerar market-pull och technology-push, eftersom båda är drivkrafter för utvecklingen av ny teknik. Market-pull-perspektivet syftar till att identifiera nyckelfaktorer som driver den tekniska utvecklingen genom marknadsorienterade influenser, t.ex. förändrade marknadstrender eller kundkrav. Dessa krav översätts till tekniska funktioner med hjälp av QFD-metoden. Technology-push-perspektivet, å andra sidan, syftar till att identifiera nyckelfaktorer som driver den tekniska utvecklingen genom teknikorienterade influenser, t.ex. nya vetenskapliga upptäckter. Det föreslagna tillvägagångssättet skiljer mellan inside-out och outside-in teknikidentifiering. De identifierade teknologierna analyseras sedan utifrån deras utvecklingsdynamik med hjälp av publikations- eller patentanalys. Den teoretiska ansats som utvecklats i denna avhandling fungerar som en utgångspunkt för ytterligare forskningsaktiviteter för att genomföra idén om en uppgraderad cirkulär ekonomi.

The objective of this thesis was to upgrade an Enterprise Resource planning system that was outdated into a new age Enterprise resource planning system based centered on a scheduling algorithm. This was a key change that needed to be made to transform the company from old thinking to new. Primarily the testing of this implementation was done through mapping of processes, followed by trial and error, and finally improving and sustaining the processes it took to use the system correctly. The mapping of the processes was completed by the Process Manager as well as the Lead, Supervisor, or Manager of the area being revamped. When processes were originally mapped for the flow of the implementation, the chart was five pages. After implementation, the same processes streamlined using the new Enterprise resource planning system is now only two pages. After all implementations were complete, more than $150,000 in salaries was saved, as well as many unnecessary and tedious job functions. While continuous improvement must follow, the original objective of this thesis was met with great success.

Evolutionary changes applied to a framework API may invalidate existing framework-based applications. While manually adapting applications is expensive and error-prone, automatic adaptation demands cumbersome specifications, which the developers are reluctant to write and maintain. Considering structural changes (so-called refactorings) of framework APIs, our adaptation technology supports backward-compatible framework upgrade. The technology is rigorous defining precisely the structure and automatic derivation of compensating adapters. It is also practical compensating for most application-breaking API changes automatically, while requiring neither manual adaptation nor recompilation of existing application code.

This diploma thesis is dedicated to one of the problems in wireless sensor networks – over the air upgrade (OTAU) of nodes. The requirements for upgrade and possible ways how to transfer new firmware image to nodes are stated in the first chapter. The second chapter is focused on solving the problem of firmware dissemination to whole network based on analysis of known protocols. The practical part of this thesis deals with OTAU design and implementation in Lightweight Mesh software stack from Atmel. Proposed system was tested on deRFnode platform with plugged in deRFmega128 module. The upgrade process of designed system is evaluated on test network in last part. Practical test results are compared with OTAU solution for BitCloud.