The thesis focuses proposal business plan for company Esponex s.r.o., which wants to enter the market with used spare parts for cars as a mediator. The purpose is proposal business plan for project Vrakotechna.cz and successful launch of new intermediary services on the market. The thesis contains a theoretical part, an analysis of the current state and proposal business plan. The theoretical part discusses the basic terms related to business plans. The analytical part focuses on introduction of the company, its mission, analysis of the market, where the company operates and also includes an analysis of target customer, the company surroundings, competition and SWOT analysis. The aim is to proposal a business plan, particularly marketing and financial plan.

The Master's thesis deals with a new mixed-used building. The mixed-used building is situated in Červený Kostelec, 17. listopadu street. It is a three-floor building without a cellar and with a flat roof. The object is designed from ceramic cider blocks Porotherm and it is thermally insulated by contact thermal insulation system. On the first floor there are workshops – information centre, beauty salon, café, one dwelling unit for disabled people and the cellar. On the second floor there are offices, gallery and two dwelling units. On the third floor there are five dwelling units. Whole project is created in ArchiCad 14.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou PVD povlakování střižných nástrojů ze slinutých karbidů, se zaměřením na zvýšení životnosti postupových nástrojů. Především poukazuje na využití povlakovaných nástrojů v praxi a procesních kroků před a po procesu povlakování. V teoretické části jsou popsány obě základní metody povlakování, tj. fyzikální metoda PVD a metoda CVD, založena na chemickém procesu. Dále jsou představeny jednotlivé způsoby vlastních procesů povlakování se stručným popisem výhod i nevýhod jejich využití. Praktická část je zaměřena na testování, jehož podstatou byl nejen vhodný výběr samotného povlaku pro daný materiál, ale i úpravy před a po povlakování, které jsou často opomínány. Ty jsou však nezbytnou součástí a mají výrazný vliv nejen na výsledný povlak, ale i na kvalitu pracovního procesu. Vyhodnocením experimentu je souhra určení nejproduktivnějšího povlaku v závislosti na dané úpravě.

Firewood is a dominant household fuel type used in many developing countries. Even in countries where there is improved access to electricity, most households still rely on firewood for their energy needs. Harvesting of some wood is illegal, however the high poverty rate, absence of alternative fuels and lack of law enforcement means even the protected wood species will continue to be used, with consequent pressure on the forests. Furthermore, the combustion of firewood for domestic use takes place in poorly ventilated homes emitting hazardous pollutants, which causes indoor air pollution and affect human health. The use of firewood as a household fuel can be superimposed nearly perfectly on that of socioeconomic development. Additionally, the use of household firewood is invariably associated with poverty in countries, in communities within a country and in households within a community. Indoor air pollution studies on human health should then consider socio-economic factors which seem to be one of the determinants of both firewood use and ill health, a determinant which is often neglected in most indoor air pollution studies. Domestic inhalation of firewood smoke is one of the mechanisms linking socio-economic (poverty) to disease. The current study sought to determine a baseline of wood usage and health risks caused by volatile organic compounds in Senwabarwana villages. This study integrated observations, ethnobotanical meta-analysis and experimental into one comprehensive integrated environmental health risk assessment framework to assess the risks associated with exposure to volatile organic compounds from firewood combustion. Basic information about firewood usage, socio-economic dynamics and perceived health problems related to volatile organic compounds was collected using a structured questionnaire. The Vac-U-Chamber was used to sample the air. The results show that firewood is extensively used in poorly ventilated kitchens for cooking and home heating in Senwabarwana villages. Ten priority firewood plant species are frequently used in the study area, namely Mohweleri (Combretum apiculatum), Moretshe (Dichrostachys cinera), Motswiri (Combretum imberbe), Mokgwa (Acacia burkei), Mushu (Acacia tortilis), Motshe (Cussonia paniculate), Mokata (Combretum hereroense), Mphata (Lonchocarpus capassa), Mokgalo (Ziziphus mucronate) and Mogwana (Grewia monticola), in their order of preference. The results also indicated thirteen common reasons or factors that influence the hoice of firewood plant species by households, the main four being: (i) the embers formed during combustion, (ii) heat value, (iii) low ash content and (iv) availability of the firewood plant species. Further analysis revealed several uses and ranking thereof, including reviewing the national status and legal profile of each identified plant species. The study found that most of the firewood species used in Senwabarwana Village were indigenous. Major drivers of firewood use are household income, educational status of breadwinners, family sizes, and place of residence, fuel affordability and accessibility, among others. Concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene per plant species were studied to assess the risk exposed to the Senwabarwana community. Literature indicates that these pollutants have several health effects associated with acute exposure such as eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Both hazard quotient and hazard index were found to be less than one indicating no risk exists with the use of plant species used for firewood in Senwabarwana even to sensitive individuals. The risk of developing health effects due to the presence of the studied volatile organic compounds can be assessed as negligible. Since firewood is a more convenient source of energy, it is recommended that the size of the windows be extended for ventilation. Agroforesty should also be implemented as a conservation method. The wood that emits less concentration of pollutants be used for firemaking. / Environmental Sciences

<p dir="ltr">To decrease the use of fossil fuels that generate greenhouse gases, there has been a push to find alternative processes for electricity generation. An attractive renewable alternative is to use solar-thermal energy for grid level electricity production. One method used to generate electricity from the conversion of solar-thermal energy is concentrated solar power (CSP) via the power tower paradigm, which involves an array of mirrors that concentrate sunlight to a spot on a tower. The light heats up a heat transfer fluid which later transfers the thermal energy to a working fluid that expands so as to spin a turbine to generate electricity. Current CSP plants have a peak operation temperature of 550℃, but improvements to the heat exchanger are integral to increasing the peak operation temperature of such plants to a 750℃ target. Ceramic/metal composites (cermets) have been proposed for use as heat exchangers in these CSP plants due to the creep resistance of the ceramic component and toughness of the metal component. One potential material that has an attractive combination of properties for this application is the alumina/chromium (Al2O3/Cr) cermet, given the rigidity and creep resistance of the Al2O3 component and the high-temperature toughness of the Cr phase. Compared to other oxidation-resistant oxide/metal cermets, the Al2O3 and Cr components of this cermet have a relatively close average linear thermal expansion match from 25℃ to 750℃, which is advantageous due to the thermal gradients and thermal cycling of the heat exchanger during operation.</p><p dir="ltr">In this dissertation, the Al2O3/Cr cermet was produced via reaction forming (RF) or reactive melt infiltration (RMI). The RF method involves the reaction of Cr2O3 and Al constituent powder mixtures at high temperature and modest pressures to obtain dense Al2O3/Cr plates. The RMI method involves immersing a shaped porous Cr2O3 preform into an Al or Al-Cr alloy bath to infiltrate and react to form Al2O3/Al-Cr plates. For both methods, the plate microstructure was analyzed for the various reaction conditions. The adiabatic temperature increase for the reaction between Cr2O3 and Al liquid or Al-Cr liquid alloys was calculated. Thermal properties (linear coefficient of thermal expansion, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity) and mechanical properties for the RF Al2O3/Cr plates were also measured. Lastly, the reaction kinetics between dense, polycrystalline Cr2O3 and a liquid Al-35at% Cr alloy were experimentally determined at various temperatures and compared to models based on different rate-limiting steps.</p>

[pt] O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar como o governo federal brasileiro utiliza mecanismos de governança para monitorar o desempenho da logística reversa do óleo lubrificante usado ou contaminado (OLUC). A partir do arcabouço legal e da literatura acadêmica sobre a gestão de resíduos sólidos, compreende-se como a regulamentação e a fiscalização da coleta e rerrefino do OLUC são desempenhadas por agências federais e órgãos ambientais estaduais em um ambiente de interesses e poderes de decisão exercidos pelos atores envolvidos de cada fase do fluxo reverso do produto. A logística reversa é conceituada pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) como instrumento de desenvolvimento econômico e social e, como sistema, deve ser implementada e operacionalizada por meio de acordos setoriais, regulamentos oficiais e termos de compromisso. A responsabilidade compartilhada pelo ciclo de vida do OLUC enfrenta desafios para que haja avanços no desempenho da regeneração de sistemas naturais, um dos princípios da economia circular. Os custos de coleta, armazenamento e transporte são assumidos integralmente pelos produtores ou importadores de óleos lubrificantes. Para o exercício da governança pública há necessidade de maior capacidade operacional da burocracia governamental e acesso a dados e informações confiáveis sobre o controle do volume de OLUC comercializado e sua destinação final. Tendo em vista a educação ambiental como ferramenta para desenvolver a consciência dos indivíduos sobre as responsabilidades pelo que consomem e descartam, propõe-se um método e cálculo de metas de coleta mais transparente e que evidencia que 58% do óleo lubrificante comercializado no país é coletável. / [en] Technology and productive processes that results in little waste helps sustainability by competing with the balance between development and environment, especially when they break through the usual model based on extraction, processing and disposal, turning to operate guided by rational use of natural resources guided for circular economy values. The economic-environmental accounting would be balanced if instead of waste there was a return of used products to the productive processes (Xavier, 2017). To Brazil, which in 2019 produced an average of 0.99 kg/day per capita (Brazil, 2020) of household solid waste compared to about 0.75 kg/day per capita that was produced in 2002 (Brazil, 2009), this math is far from ideal, as 97% of consumer goods reach the end of their useful lives as waste and only 3% serve as raw materials for generating new products (Xavier, 2017). In a context of mobilization of society, government and science for sustainable development reverse logistics presents itself as one of the alternatives for solid waste management, as defined in Article 3, item XII of the National Solid Waste Plan (known in Brazil by the Portuguese acronym, PNRS).

Introduktion (och syfte): Byggbranschen är en växande bransch som producerar mer avfall och använder mer resurser än andra industrisektorer. Kunskapen kring återanvändning av materialet trä är tunn. Den biologiska mångfalden påverkas vid avverkning. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hållfasthetsegenskaperna på använt konstruktionsvirke för att utreda återbruksmöjligheterna. Metod: Metoden som användes är en kvantitativ studie. Datainsamlingen gjordes med hjälp av experiment. Visuell sortering (INSTA 142), visuella tilläggsregler, maskinell sortering, förstörande böjhållfasthets test och fuktkvotsmätning har utförts enligt gällande standarder. Resultat/Analys: Totalt samlades 49 virkesbitar med fem olika dimensioner av använt virke in från en återvinningscentral. 49 % av alla virkesbitar har någon typ av virkesfel enligt den visuella tilläggsregler i form av flatböj, skevhet etcetera. 43 % uppfyller kraven för INSTA 142. 87,9 % av virkesbitarna uppfyllde en böjhållfasthet på minst 24 MPa. 48,9 % av virkesbitarna går att återanvända i förhållande till den visuella sorteringen, INSTA 142 och uppfyller minst 24 MPa med hjälp av förstörande böjhållfasthets test. Resultaten som erhållit i studien för brukat konstruktionsvirket och obrukat konstruktionsvirket visar att elasticitetsmodulen mot böjhållfastheten har en användbar korrelation. Korrelationen mellan densiteten och böjhållfastheten hade däremot ett svagt samband för både det brukade och obrukade konstruktionsvirket. Diskussion: Ett system saknas för hållfasthetssortering av brukat virket, detta är nödvändigt för att uppnå en återanvändning. Densiteten hade en låg korrelationskoefficient R 2 mot böjhållfastheten, detta beror på att kvistar har en större betydelse för hållfastheten eftersom elasticitetsmodulen mot böjhållfastheten hade ett en betydlig högre korrelationskoefficient. En av slutsatserna är att sprickor och hål i det återanvända virket, som är en följd av torkning och infästningar, påverkar sorteringen. / Introduction (and purpose): The building sector is a growing sector that produces more waste and uses more resources than any other industry sector. The knowledge about reusing the material wood is thin. Biological diversity is affected by logging. The purpose of this study is to examine the strength properties of used structural timber in order to investigate the reuse possibilities. Method: The method that is used is a quantitative study. The data collection is done with help of an experiment. Visual sorting (INSTA 142), visual override, machine strength sorting, destructive bending test and moisture measurement have been done in accordance with European standards. Results/Analysis: In total 49 pieces of spruce and pine gathered from a recycling center was used in this study. 49 % of all pieces had some sort of defect such as flat blend, skewness etcetera according to the visual override. 43 % of the boards fulfilled the requirement according to INSTA 142. 87,9 % had a minimum bending strength of 24 MPa. 48,9 % of the pieces can be reused according to the visual override and fulfilled a minimum strength of 24 MPa. The result obtained in this study for used structural timber and unused structural timber show that the modulus of elasticity versus the bending strength has a useful correlation. The correlation between the density and the bending strength had however a week connection for the used and the unused structural timber. Discussion: A system is missing for strength grading used timber, this is necessary for achieving reusing. The density had a low correlation coefficient R 2 against the bending strength, the modulus of elasticity against the bending strength had a significantly higher correlation. One of the conclusions is that cracks and holes in the used timber, created by drying and screws, affect the grading.

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This thesis concerns Swedish translations of the Dutch independently used modal auxiliary verbs moeten, kunnen and willen in six Dutch novels from the period 1973-2000. Previous research has shown that independent use occurs frequently in Dutch but less frequently in Swedish. But there is still a need for large-scale comparative research.  For this analysis, I have conducted a corpus study based on systematically repeated searches for the three verbs. The goal of the study was to examine how these independently used modal auxiliary verbs were translated into Swedish and what patterns could be seen through this comparative study. Through this comparative study, I wanted to better highlight the differences and similarities between the languages regarding independently used modal auxiliary verbs.  The results showed that independently used modal auxiliary verbs occur more frequently in the corpus in Dutch than in Swedish and that the Dutch independently used modal auxiliary verbs were translated with a corresponding independently used modal in Swedish in about a fourth of the cases. But the results also show similarities in this area. / Deze scriptie betreft Zweedse vertalingen van de Nederlandse zelfstandig gebruikte modale hulpwerkwoorden moeten, kunnen en willen in zes Nederlandstalige romans uit de periode 1973-2000. Eerder onderzoek heeft vastgesteld dat zelfstandig gebruik vlot toegelaten is in het Nederlands maar minder frequent voorkomt in het Zweeds. Toch ontbreekt er grootschalig contrastief onderzoek.  Voor deze analyse werd een corpusonderzoek verricht op basis van systematisch herhaalde zoekopdrachten voor de drie modalen. Het doel van het onderzoek was om na te gaan hoe deze zelfstandig gebruikte modale hulpwerkwoorden in het Zweeds vertaald werden en wat voor patronen men kon zien door dit contrastief onderzoek. Met dit contrastief onderzoek wilde ik de verschillen en gelijkenissen tussen de talen wat betreft zelfstandig gebruikte modale hulpwerkwoorden beter belichten.  De resultaten lieten zien dat zelfstandig gebruikte modale werkwoorden in het corpus vaker voorkomen in het Nederlands dan in het Zweeds en dat de Nederlandse zelfstandig gebruikte modale hulpwerkwoorden in ongeveer een vierde van de gevallen met een corresponderende zelfstandig gebruikte modaal in het Zweeds vertaald werden. Maar de resultaten vertonen ook dat er toch gelijkenissen zijn op dit gebied.