Motivés par l'évolution des réglementations en matière d'écologie mais aussi par des contraintes purement économiques, plusieurs secteurs industriels se sont retrouvés dans l'obligation de développer de nouvelles méthodes et modèles pour la gestion des produits en fin de vie. Dans ce contexte, la remanufacturation vise à gérer la récupération de la valeur d’un produit avant sa fin de vie. Elle permet de prolonger le cycle de vie du produit et d’économiser une partie des besoins industriels en matière première. Ces produits remanufacturés seront remis dans le marché et destinés à une autre catégorie de clients, différente de celle des produits neufs. Dans d'autres cas, les produits remanufacturés sont réutilisés sous la forme de pièces de rechange dans les actions de maintenance, mais cette réutilisation peut varier selon la stratégie de maintenance adoptée. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse s'intéresse à l’intégration d'un flux d’approvisionnement hybride en pièces de rechange dans un modèle de maintenance basé sur la dégradation stochastique d’un système de production. Deux types de flux d’approvisionnement en pièces de rechange sont étudiés : un flux direct et un flux inverse. Le flux direct est représenté par l'utilisation de pièces de rechange neuves et le flux inverse est représenté par la réutilisation des pièces récupérées lors des remplacements ultérieurs, avec la possibilité de réaliser une action de remanufacturation pour améliorer l'état de dégradation de ces pièces de rechange. Plusieurs problématiques ont été traitées pour permettre de comprendre l'impact et l'influence d'une politique de remanufacturation sur les performances d'un système de production. En effet, dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à des systèmes de production composés d'une seule machine. Dans ce cadre, nous avons proposé des études séquentielles puis intégrées pour optimiser la politique de maintenance et celle de l'approvisionnement hybrides en pièces de rechange destinées aux actions de remplacements. Nous avons étudié également la gestion de production soumise à une contrainte de qualité basée sur l'évolution de la dégradation de la machine. Ensuite, et dans un second temps, nous avons présenté des généralisations des modèles étudiés dans le cadre de systèmes de production composés de plusieurs machines. Enfin, nous avons développé un outil d'aide à la décision pour conception de systèmes de production dans le cadre d'une politique de remanufacturation. Cette problématique - du niveau stratégique - vise à sélectionner le meilleur ensemble de machines pour construire un nouveau système de production capable de satisfaire les contraintes de production définies par décideur / Motivated by the change of regulations in the matter of sustainability, but also by pure economic constraints, several industries have found themselves obligated to develop new methods and models for the management of products that are at the end of their life cycle. In this context, the remanufacturing aims at managing the recovery of the product’s value before its end of life. This type of action will extend the product life cycle and save the use of the raw material. These remanufactured products will be re-injected in a market that serves another class of customers, different from the one using new products. In other cases, the remanufactured products are reused as spare parts for the maintenance, but this reuse may vary according to the maintenance strategy adopted. This thesis focuses on the integration of a hybrid flow supply of spare parts in a service model based on stochastic degradation of a production system. Two types of spare parts supply flows are studied: a direct flow and reverse flow. The direct flow is represented by the use of new spare parts and the reverse flow is represented by the reuse of the recovered parts during the replacements, with the ability to perform remanufacturing action to improve the degradation level of these spare parts. Several issues were treated to better understand the impact of remanufacturing policies over the performance of a production system. At the beginning we started our study with production systems composed of a single machine. In this context, we proposed sequential studies then integrated one to optimize the maintenance policy as well as the Hybrid provisioning in regard to spare parts destined to replacement actions. Similarly, we’ve studied the production management subjected to quality constraint based on the machine’s degradation process. Furthermore, we’ve presented generalizations of studied models within the context of a production system composed of several machines. Finally, we’ve developed an aid-to-decision-design tool for production systems within the remanufacturing process. This problematic aims at –from a strategic point- selecting the best group of machines to build a new system of production that is able to satisfy the constraints of a production defined by the decision maker

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sheila Costa Marcolino.pdf: 2022599 bytes, checksum: 4923098c150499cf8cd94d7ee93afb38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this research is identifying in the trajectory of university students, who are also former homeless people in Sao Paulo, objective and subjective elements that contributed with their process of getting off the streets. The narrative of the researched subjects, besides presents a unique process that differentiates them in the context of the homelessness, conveys throughout their own voices and experiences an assessment of the social service which they accessed and used as homeless people. Thus, this study displaces the debate to the realm of effectiveness of the homeless people care policy, focusing on the social service s outcomes in the subjects process of overcoming and getting off the streets. The acknowledgment of social movements, the production of knowledge on homelessness, and the construction of homeless people care policy in Sao Paulo in the last 10 years, are fundamentally important for this research. This is because the achievements, stagnations and retrocession which historically have shaped the construction of that policy point out two premises: the first has an emergency character with a pattern focus based on job placement as the way to get people off the streets, and the second integrates principles of dignity, citizenship and recognition of the subject as well as the variety of needs and human capacity and potential. This latter approach suggests a broader process and articulations leading to the subjects autonomy for reconstruction of their lives / Este estudo busca identificar nas trajetórias de estudantes universitários, ex-moradores de rua da cidade de São Paulo, elementos objetivos e subjetivos que contribuíram em seu processo de saída das ruas e reconstrução de suas vidas. As narrativas dos sujeitos, para além de demonstrar um processo singular que os diferenciam no contexto em que estavam inseridos quando em situação de rua, expressam, pela própria voz e vivências, uma avaliação sobre a dinâmica de serviços socioassistenciais que utilizaram nesse percurso. É um estudo que reposiciona algumas questões sobre a atenção a essa população na cidade de São Paulo. O reconhecimento do movimento das lutas sociais, da produção de conhecimentos sobre a temática, bem como o conteúdo da Política de Atenção à População em Situação de Rua na cidade de São Paulo nos últimos 10 anos, têm fundamental importância para este estudo. Os avanços, estagnações e retrocessos que marcam historicamente o desempenho dessa política ao longo de diferentes governos da cidade, indicam dois pressupostos que resultam da atenção à população em situação de rua na cidade: um de caráter emergencial, fragmentado e restritivo com enfoque padronizador, fundamentado na operação de saída da rua. Outro, pautado na processualidade e que a partir de valores e princípios de dignidade e cidadania no reconhecimento do sujeito e na diversidade de necessidades e das capacidades humanas, sugerem referências pautadas em processos que conduzam ao protagonismo e autonomia para reconstrução de vidas

O presente trabalho busca analisar a evolução da discussão dogmática sobre a relação entre direito interno e direito internacional na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal. A pesquisa dedica especial atenção a três casos específicos, julgados entre 2008 e 2010, que são representativos de uma nova fase no entendimento corte, em que o Supremo Tribunal Federal tratou de uma série de questões inéditas na sua jurisprudência. São eles a decisão, em 2008, sobre a prisão civil do depositário infiel, proibida pela Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos; a ADPF no 101, de 2009, sobre a importação de pneus usados e remoldados, cuja regulamentação também foi objeto de decisões no âmbito do Mercosul e da OMC; e a ADPF no 153, de 2010, que discutiu a Lei da Anistia, também tratada na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Mapeando as discussões dogmáticas nesses casos, busca-se identificar as implicações dos tratados internacionais e das decisões de tribunais internacionais para o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, bem como as contradições e omissões de tais decisões. A análise do desenvolvimento da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal considera as transformações ocorridas no direito internacional a partir do final da Segunda Guerra Mundial e as mudanças incorporadas às constituições brasileiras, e em especial a Constituição de 1988 e a sua Emenda no 45, de 2004. / This study seeks to analyze the evolution of the dogmatic debate on the relationship between domestic and international law in the Brazilian Supreme Courts case law. The research devotes special attention to three specific cases, decided between 2008 and 2010, which are representative of a new phase in the courts understanding, in which the Supreme Court has dealt with completely new issues. These cases are the following: the decision in 2008 on the civil imprisonment of an unfaithful trustee, prohibited by the American Convention on Human Rights; ADPF No. 101, from of 2009, on the import of used tires, which had also been the subject of decisions within Mercosur and WTO; and ADPF No 153, from 2010, which discussed the Brazilian Amnesty Act, also addressed by the Interamerican Court of Human Rights. By mapping dogmatic discussions of these cases, I seek to identify the implications of international treaties and decisions of international tribunals for the Brazilian legal system, as well as the contradictions and omissions of such decisions. The analysis of the development of the Supreme Courts case law considers the transformation occurring in international law since the end of World War II and the changes incorporated into the Brazilian constitutions, and in particular the Constitution of 1988 and its Amendment No 45 of 2004.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Quilici Barreto Cianciarulo.pdf: 1562918 bytes, checksum: 9aff2869a45eef833b4809bfdc83be16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Based on the history of science, this research aimed to discover the materials used as pigment and the specificities of colonial Brazilian artistic production through literature related to decorative arts of the period. To achieve some of those materials we‟ve referred the treatises on painting of the italians Cennino Cennini‟s Trattato della Pittura (c. 1398) and Giorgio Vasari‟s Le Vite de più eccelenti architetti, pittori, et scultori italiani, da Cimabue, insino a tempi nostril (1550); of the portugueses Filipe Nunes‟s Arte da Pintura, Symetria e Perspectiva (1615); as well as the dictionary of terms of Rafael Bluteau‟s Vocabulario Portuguez e Latino (1712) and the text Segredos necessarios para os officios, artes e manufacturas, e para muitos objectos sobre a economia domestica (1794). We also observed artistic knowledge present in some of the books published by the Casa Literária do Arco do Cego and partner publishers (1799 to 1801). Several elements to the composition of this research came from contemporary studies in the areas of architecture and conservation restoration related to Jesuit constructions of art and colonial painting and scientific analyses of these materials / Com base na História da Ciência, esta pesquisa buscou conhecer os materiais usados como pigmento e as especificidades da produção artística colonial brasileira a partir da literatura referente às artes decorativas do período. Para conhecer um pouco sobre esses materiais, percorremos os tratados de pintura dos italianos Cenino Cennini, Trattato della pittura (c.1398), e Giorgio Vasari, Vida dos artistas (1550); dos portugueses Felipe Nunes, Arte da pintura, symetria e perspectiva (1615); assim como o dicionário de termos de Rafael Bluteau, Vocabulario portuguez e latino... (1712), e o texto Segredos necessarios para os officios, artes e manufacturas, e para muitos objetos sobre a economia doméstica (1794). Recorremos também aos conhecimentos artísticos presentes em alguns dos livros publicados pela Casa Literária do Arco do Cego e por editoras parceiras (1799 a 1801). Diversos elementos para a composição desta pesquisa vieram ainda dos estudos contemporâneos das áreas de arquitetura e conservação e restauração relacionados às construções jesuíticas, à arte e à pintura colonial e às análises científicas desses materiais

This thesis analyzes current status of software distribution in gaming industry and its biggest challenges. Thesis also includes insight in completely different approach to the software distribution -- Cloud Gaming. In practical part are thoroughly tested existing solutions and done functionality analysis. Practical part also includes experiment which regards to building own platform using currently existing tools and it is followed by discussion of results.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre de Paula Silva.pdf: 437142 bytes, checksum: 8c90e74250518378ff9154e82ebe97de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-24 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This research has the objective of investigating the function concept in the mathematics activities of the elementary teaching material in the public school system used in São Paulo during the beginning of the 2008 school year. A documentary research with qualitative caracter was developed by investigating if the function concept was implicit or explicit, if the activities favour its grasp and which kinds of registers of semiotic representation are in such activities, as well as if there is any treatment or conversion in the possible solution strategies. The research is based on the concepts about function presented by Bento de Jesus Caraça and on Raymond Duval's registers of semiotic representation. The results obtained reveal that the concept of function is implicitly present in the activities and favour its future study, therefore they deal with introductory concepts from that mathematical object like: direct and indirect proportionality, reason, the relation between the widths and the standards observation and generalization. They also reveal register transformations like treatment and conversions either congruent or non-congruents, however with no activities that could allow the conversion toward both sides. An interesting observed point was the fact that the activities don't show direct and formal definitions, and they give us the possibility of working with the concepts in a contextualized way and with an accessible language, consisting of a material we notice that matches with the current methodological orientations that are part of the official education documents / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o conceito de função nas atividades de matemática do material do Ensino Fundamental da rede pública estadual de São Paulo, utilizado no início do ano letivo de 2008. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental de caráter qualitativo investigando se o conceito de função apresentava-se de forma implícita ou explícita, se as atividades proporcionam favorecimento em sua apreensão futura e quais os tipos de registros de representação semiótica que figuram em tais atividades, bem como se há tratamento ou conversão nas possíveis estratégias de solução. A pesquisa fundamentase nos conceitos sobre função apresentados por Bento de Jesus Caraça e na teoria dos registros de representação semiótica de Raymond Duval. Os resultados obtidos revelam que o conceito de função está presente nas atividades de forma implícita e favorecem o seu estudo futuro, pois tratam de conceitos introdutórios daquele objeto matemático como: proporcionalidade direta e indireta, razão, relação entre grandezas e observação e generalização de padrões. Revela-se haver transformações de registros do tipo tratamento e conversões tanto congruentes como não-congruentes; não havendo nenhuma atividade que possibilitasse a conversão nos dois sentidos. Um aspecto interessante observado foi o fato de que as atividades não apresentam definições diretas e formais e possibilitam o trabalho dos conceitos de forma contextualizada, numa linguagem acessível, constituindo um material que percebemos estar em consonância com as orientações metodológicas atuais constantes dos documentos oficiais da educação

Le trafic maritime est le principal contributeur des bruits sous-marins anthropique : depuis les années 1970, l’augmentation du trafic maritime hauturier a provoqué dans certaines zones une augmentation du bruit ambiant de plus de 10 dB. En réponse à cette préoccupation, la Directive Cadre pour la Stratégie pour le Milieu Marin (DCSMM) recommande un suivi acoustique. Peu d’études s’intéressent à l’activité côtière et aux bruits rayonnés par les petites embarcations ainsi qu’à leurs conséquences sur la faune marine alors que ces environnements côtiers sont les pourvoyeurs de 41.7 % des services écosystémiques produits par les océans.A mi-chemin entre le monde académique et le monde industriel, le travail présenté aux différents questions scientifiques et industrielles sur la thématique du trafic côtier, en termes de l’étude de son influence dans le paysage acoustique et de capacité à détecter et classifier les embarcations côtières.En l’absence d’information sur le trafic maritime côtier, un protocole d’identification visuelle par traitement d’images GoPro® produisant les mêmes données que l’AIS (position, vitesse, taille et type d’embarcation) est proposé et permet la création de carte du trafic maritime sur un disque de 1.6km de rayon. D’un point de vue acoustique, le trafic est caractérisé par deux descripteurs acoustiques, le SPL lié à la distance du bateau le plus proche et l’ANL caractérisant le nombre de bateaux dans un disque de 500 m de rayon. Le suivi spatio-temporel de ces descripteurs permet d’identifier l’impact du trafic maritime dans le paysage acoustique des environnements côtiers. La détection et la classification sont réalisées après caractérisation individuelle du bruit par un ensemble de paramètres acoustiques et par l’utilisation d’algorithmes d’apprentissage supervisé. Un protocole spécifique pour la création de l’arborescence de classification est proposé par comparaison des données acoustiques aux caractéristiques physiques et contextuelle de chaque bateau.Les travaux présentés sont illustrés sur la flottille d’embarcations côtières présente dans la baie de Calvi (Corse) durant la saison estivale. / Marine traffic is the main contributor to anthropogenic underwater noise: since the 1970s, the increase in deep-sea shipping has increased the ambient noise by more than 10 dB in some areas. In response to this concern, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) recommends acoustic monitoring. Few studies are concerned with coastal activity and the noises radiated by small craft while these coastal environments are the purveyors of 41.7% of the ecosystem services produced by the oceans.Between the academic and the industrial world, this PhD was to answer the different scientific and industrial questions on the topic of the coastal traffic in terms of the influence in the soundscape and the detection and classification of the coastal craft.Without information on the coastal maritime traffic, a visual identification protocol is proposed using GoPro® images processing and produced the same data as the AIS (position, speed, size and type of craft); It allows to create maritime traffic maps on a disk of 1.6km radius. The traffic is characterized by two acoustic descriptors: the SPL linked to the distance of the nearest boat and the ANL linked to the number of boats present in a 500 m radius disc. The spatiotemporal monitoring of these descriptors allows to identify the impact on the maritime traffic on the coastal acoustic landscape. The acoustic detection and the classification are performed after individual characterization of the noise by a set of acoustic parameters and using of supervised machine learning algorithm. A specific protocol for the creation of the classification tree is proposed by comparing the acoustic data with the physical and contextual characteristics of each boat.The methods are applied on the flotilla of coastal boats present in the Bay of Calvi (Corsica) during summer.

值此工商業蓬勃發展之際，辦公室活動早已取代製造業活動，成為都市中最重要之經濟活動基礎，然而國內有關商用不動產之研究卻仍方興未艾，未見系統化與學術上之專門研究，遠落後於國外之研究幾達二十年，是以本研究試圖從國內對住宅不動產研究之心得，加以嘗試引藉用於探討住宅與辦公室之租金差異，藉以瞭解面積、區位與產品特徵屬性等要素對於兩種租賃不動產租金之影響。其次，進一步加入國內合法與違規混合使用之住辦混合產品進行討論，以便於澄清住辦混合產品的相輔與轉換使用彈性優勢，是否使其享有更好的租金報酬。本研究第二部分探討國內大型企業辦公室最近十年間的區位選擇與遷徙活動，分析大型企業的主要辦公室區位是否與產業的變遷趨勢一致？並探討生產力函數中的效率參數--電子與面對面資訊，以及資本、勞力、產業類型與經營績效等變數，對大型企業廠商辦公室區位變遷決策的影響，藉以釐清大型企業辦公室的區位活動。最後，則是從一般性的辦公室活動討論中，進一步切入以分公司辦公室活動作為研究主題，探討廠商擴張後的分公司辦公室區位選擇，是否與一般辦公室活動相同？藉以澄清分公司辦公室活動對地區發展之影響。綜上三大研究課題，本文獲致如下結論： 一、從辦公室、住宅與住辦混合產品租金比較中發現，面積、區位與產品特徵屬性對辦公室和住宅租金的影響有顯著差異，而住辦混合產品在各要素對租金的彈性變動敏感程度普遍不及於其他兩種產品，顯示住辦混合產品在各要素對租金的影響上不如單一使用的產品，亦間接推論住辦混合產品的外部成本可能大於外部經濟，使得單純使用的辦公室或住宅所反映的高品質依舊能享有較高的租金。同樣的，住辦混合中間產品的轉換特性也未使其出現辦公室大於住辦混合，又大於住宅產品之經濟直覺般的競租順序。因此，未來廠商或出租者在產品的規劃設計上，應該要朝向以提供高品質單一用途之租賃不動產為主。其次，從產品特徵屬性對不同類型不動產租金的影響結果發現，辦公室比較重視總樓層所帶來的名望效果，以及業務吸引力；而住宅則比較看重所在樓層之效用可及性，顯示未來在產品規劃上，辦公室除了著重區位考量外，也應重視總樓層所帶來的效益，而住宅則可以加強對所在樓層特徵屬性之考量。 二、從大型企業辦公室的區位選擇與遷徙研究中發現，大型企業廠商的辦公室區位選擇與其產業的區位變遷並不一致；服務業的大型企業辦公室顯著的集中在市中心，但製造業的大型企業辦公室則因著區位先佔優勢與惰性，以及生產性服務業之特性，並未同其產業一樣顯著的遷徙至市郊，顯示製造業的外移，並未同時影響其企業主要辦公室同樣外移，反倒是若干服務業辦公室在擠不進市中心的情況下，只得選擇郊化外移。因此，未來應視大型企業之資訊需求種類與強度，誘導其向市中心或市郊聚集，對於僅需電子資訊的大型企業，應加強資訊技術提昇，以降低面對面接觸之通勤往返成本，並促使其向郊區搬遷，以便於獲得更廉價的辦公空間，並降低廠商營運之租金成本，而空出的市中心辦公大樓，也能為企業賺取一份租金收益。其次，面對大型企業辦公室的外移趨勢，未來應推動郊區辦公園區的規劃，以便於聚集日益增加的後勤辦公室，而市中心的再發展與更新，也有助於吸引更多需要面對面資訊的大型企業進駐。再者，從大型企業廠商辦公室的遷徙決策研究中發現，除了需要電子資訊的大型企業有顯著的遷徙以外，個別產業的遷徙仍不明顯，惟可察覺出遷徙的軌跡是由市中心移出，並向市區與市郊移動，是以為預防中心都市之衰頹與降低都市擴張，應儘早加強中心商業區之更新。 三、分公司辦公室區位選擇研究結果發現，分公司辦公室的區位活動並不完全像典型辦公室活動一般集中於市中心，不同類型的分公司辦公室明顯的集中在不同的核心地區。其中，輔助性活動型分公司顯著的集中在市中心，面對面營業型分公司辦公室則是聚集在人口密集地區，而業務集散轉運型分公司更是向聯外交通便捷地區發展。由於分公司屬於企業的分支機構與擴張，其區位選址除了廠商自身利益的追求考量以外，更是決定一個地區發展與就業成長的關鍵。因此，對於不同核心地區，提供適當的商業用地、公共設施，並在法令上規定允許的使用項目，將有助於分公司辦公室的活動與整個都市的成長。其次，本研究從影響分公司區位選擇的因素中發現，除了專技人員薪資、資本與稅捐及規費等顯著的影響分公司設立於市中心以外，資本、稅捐及規費也顯著的影響分公司設立於人口密集地區，而樓地板面積、一般職員薪資與租金則是顯著的影響分公司辦公室選擇聯外交通便捷地區，此一結果顯示影響一般辦公室區位選擇的因素，對於分公司辦公室區位選擇的影響呈現出明顯的差異，影響分公司辦公室設立於人口密集地區與聯外交通便捷地區的變數要多於市中心，凸顯了分公司辦公室區位選擇的不同，應在辦公室的區位選擇研究中加以有所區隔。 目 錄 第一章 緒論 …………………………………………………………1 一、研究動機 ………………………………………………………1 二、研究目的 ………………………………………………………3 三、研究方法 ………………………………………………………4 四、資料說明 ………………………………………………………5 五、名詞定義 ………………………………………………………5 六、研究限制 ………………………………………………………6 七、研究流程 ………………………………………………………7 第二章 相關理論與文獻回顧 ……………………………...8 一、辦公室、住宅與住辦混合租金相關理論與文獻回顧 ………8 二、區位和聚集理論與辦公室相關文獻回顧 ……………………9 第三章 辦公室、住宅與住辦混合租金比較分析 ………..15 一、前言 ……………………………………………………………15 二、理論基礎與研究假說建立 ……………………………………16 三、現況分析與資料樣本統計描述 ………………………………22 四、實證分析 ………………………………………………………23 五、小結 ……………………………………………………………30 第四章 大型企業辦公室區位選擇與遷徙分析 …………..33 一、前言 ……………………………………………………………33 二、理論基礎 ………………………………………………………34 三、台北都會區大型企業辦公室概況分析 ………………………38 四、實證分析 ………………………………………………………46 五、小結 ……………………………………………………………61 第五章 分公司辦公室區位選擇分析 ……………………..64 一、前言 ……………………………………………………………64 二、理論基礎 ………………………………………………………65 三、實證模型與資料分析 …………………………………………69 四、實證分析結果與說明 …………………………………………73 五、小結 ……………………………………………………………78 第六章 結論 ………………………………………………...80 一、結論 ……………………………………………………………81 二、後續研究 ………………………………………………………84 參考文獻 …………………………………………………….86 附錄 ………………………………………………………….93 索引 ………………………………………………………….96 / This dissertation consisted of three relative essays. In the first paper, I analyzes the differences in the rent of office, housing and the mix-used from three factors - floor area, location, and characteristics of products. Empirical results show that the effect of the increase in floor area on the rent of housing is larger than that of office and the mix-used. There is a difference in marginal rent between office and housing in the city, while not difference in downtown. Additionally, the marginal rent for the location in the mix-used falls behind the other two types. In the characteristics of products, office emphasizes the reputation and business attraction brought about by the total number of floor while the housing puts more accessibility on the located floor in the building. However, the marginal rent of housing is more than that of office in the accessibility. As for the rent between office and the mix-used or for that between the housing and the mix-used, the characteristic show little significance because of the mixed use between these two types. In sum, the effects of the mix-used on the marginal rent and factors elasticity are not superior to the single use in all factors, and office or housing still has the higher rent. Results also show that transformation characteristic of the mix-used does not support the intuitional bid-rent order of office greater than the mix-used and housing in Taipei. In the second paper, I examined the largest corporations office location change in Taipei metropolitan area. This study uses the data that collected by China credit Information Service, Ltd. to analyze the location choice and migration of largest corporations. The empirical results show that the location choice of largest corporations differs from the location change of industries. The corporation of service industry significantly concentrates downtown while the manufacturing industry have no trend to significantly concentrate downtown because of prior occupation advantages and inertia. Additionally, firms requiring face-to-face information significantly concentrate in downtown, and high-tech firms requiring electronic information have significantly chose the location in the suburbs. As for the part of the foreign investment enterprises, they choose the location in downtown as well because of information and prestige image. In the decision of migration, firms requiring electronic information have significant movement while others are not obvious. Nevertheless, the whole migration process is obviously from downtown to the city area and the outskirts. Furthermore, the location choice of largest corporations having movement is the same as that of aforementioned largest corporations in the capital, work force, foreign investment enterprises, and operation performance. The final paper examined the location choice of branch office. The empirical results show that the location activities of branch office do not as same as general office to concentrated in CBD. The ancillary service branch (such as the law) is concentrated in CBD significantly. The business branch (such as bank) is concentrated in highly density of population district. And then the type of branches with distribution and transport (such as storehouse) is even more concentrated in convenient communications district. Next, the influences of factors on general office location choice have obvious difference to branch office.

The chemistry and corrosion mechanisms associated with reduced sulfur compounds such as calcium sulfide, present in ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), have been studied in high-density concrete, mortar and simulated pore-water environments. The high-density concrete and mortar samples were produced to replicate the high-density GGBFS concrete, in the dry storage containers (DSCs), used for radiation shielding from used nuclear fuel. Electrochemical measurements on embedded steel electrodes in high-density GGBFS concrete and mortar samples, showed that sulfide is capable of consuming oxygen to create a stable, reducing environment, though not in all cases, and the high-frequency electrolyte resistance increases with hydration time. Ion chromatography on simulated pore-water environments determined that thiosulfate is quite kinetically stable as a sulfide oxidation product and magnetite is capable of oxidizing sulfide. Microscopy has also been used to provide visual evidence of GGBFS hydration and elemental quantification of the hydrating microstructure in different environments.

The chemistry and corrosion mechanisms associated with reduced sulfur compounds such as calcium sulfide, present in ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), have been studied in high-density concrete, mortar and simulated pore-water environments. The high-density concrete and mortar samples were produced to replicate the high-density GGBFS concrete, in the dry storage containers (DSCs), used for radiation shielding from used nuclear fuel. Electrochemical measurements on embedded steel electrodes in high-density GGBFS concrete and mortar samples, showed that sulfide is capable of consuming oxygen to create a stable, reducing environment, though not in all cases, and the high-frequency electrolyte resistance increases with hydration time. Ion chromatography on simulated pore-water environments determined that thiosulfate is quite kinetically stable as a sulfide oxidation product and magnetite is capable of oxidizing sulfide. Microscopy has also been used to provide visual evidence of GGBFS hydration and elemental quantification of the hydrating microstructure in different environments.