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Online-Fragebogen werden in verschiedenen Forschungsdisziplinen eingesetzt, da sie für Wissenschaftler mit ihrer Flexibilität und als gute Grundlage zur Auswertung vergleichsweise viele Vorteile bieten. Durch den steigenden mobilen Zugriff nimmt auch die Relevanz von für kleinere Displays optimierten Fragebogenoberflächen zu. Die Bearbeitung von webbasierten Fragebogen wird schon seit längerer Zeit nicht mehr nur auf Desktop-Computern erledigt (Callegaro, 2010), sondern die Nutzung von Smartphones steigt stetig. So wurden im Jahre 2011 nur 4% der Teilnahmen über ein Smartphone abgeschlossen, während es im Jahre 2014 schon 18% waren (Sarraf et al., 2014). Smartphones sind insbesondere bei jungen Menschen verbreitet und werden für die Teilnahme an Online-Befragungen genutzt (Lugtig et al., 2016). Eine Optimierung würde also speziell die Reichweite in dieser Personengruppe erhöhen. Umgekehrt könnte eine mangelhafte Nutzbarkeit auf mobilen Geräten mit einer Unterrepräsentation dieser Gruppe einhergehen. Gerade in Situationen des Wartens werden Smartphones häufig verwendet (Thorsteinsson & Page, 2014), was großes Potenzial für die Bearbeitung von Fragebogen offenbart. [Aus der Einleitung.]

Background: Physical activity questionnaires (PAQ) have been extensively used to determine physical activity (PA) levels. Most PAQ are derived from an energy expenditure-based perspective and assess activities with a certain intensity level. Activities with a moderate or vigorous intensity level are predominantly used to determine a person’s PA level in terms of quantity. Studies show that the time spent engaging in moderate and vigorous intensity PA does not appropriately reflect the actual PA behavior of older people because they perform more functional, everyday activities. Those functional activities are more likely to be considered low-intense and represent an important qualitative health-promoting activity. For the elderly, functional, light intensity activities are of special interest but are assessed differently in terms of quantity and quality. The aim was to analyze the content of PAQ for the elderly.

Background: Physical activity questionnaires (PAQ) have been extensively used to determine physical activity (PA) levels. Most PAQ are derived from an energy expenditure-based perspective and assess activities with a certain intensity level. Activities with a moderate or vigorous intensity level are predominantly used to determine a person’s PA level in terms of quantity. Studies show that the time spent engaging in moderate and vigorous intensity PA does not appropriately reflect the actual PA behavior of older people because they perform more functional, everyday activities. Those functional activities are more likely to be considered low-intense and represent an important qualitative health-promoting activity. For the elderly, functional, light intensity activities are of special interest but are assessed differently in terms of quantity and quality. The aim was to analyze the content of PAQ for the elderly.

Background This study aimed to identify anxiety in dental patients visiting a dental clinic using the Dental Anxiety Scale, their level of psychological distress using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 and therefore identifying a correlation between these groups as well as their gender and age. Methods An adult sample of N = 1549 patients (865 females, 779 males) was examined over the course of three years using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 to evaluate psychological distress and the Dental Anxiety Scale to determine anxiety before dental treatment. Evaluations were conducted according to age and gender. Results There was no correlation between different age groups of the sample the Dental Anxiety Scale. Anxiety, depression and GSI were more frequent in patients below the age of 46 than above. Women were more susceptible to signs of Anxiety and Somatization and scored higher on the Dental Anxiety Scale and the Global Severity Index than male patients. There was a significant positive correlation between scores of the BSI-18 categories: Somatization, Anxiety and Depression and the DAS for dental patients. Conclusions This study showed that a relationship between dental anxiety and psychological distress exists. It would be an improvement to use a short questionnaire like the Dental Anxiety Scale to evaluate a patient before his first treatment so that more appropriate treatments can be pursued.