The aim of the dissertation was to examine the relationship between career adaptability, sense of coherence (SOC) and career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE), and whether there were any demographic differences, namely age, gender and race, between the constructs. The Career Adapt-ability Scale South Africa (CAAS-South Africa), Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ-13), Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (CDSE-SF) and a demographical questionnaire were applied in a convenience sample comprising 317 undergraduate students at a residential university in South Africa. The results indicated a moderate positive relationship between career adaptability, and SOC, and a strong positive relationship between career adaptability and CDMSE. CDMSE predicted career adaptability with a variance of 43%. SOC did not emerge as a significant predictor of career adaptability. No gender differences were found. This study makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature and practice, showing that CDMSE and SOC can have an impact on the career adaptability of undergraduate students. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18173号 / 医博第3893号 / 新制||医||1003(附属図書館) / 31031 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 木原 正博, 教授 一山 智 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Världens länder har ingått avtal för att förhindra att den globala medeltemperaturenöverstiger 2°C. För att förmå statliga myndigheter att föregå med gott exempel i detsvenska miljöarbetet har de krav på sig att införa miljöledningssystem. En avuniversitetens/högskolornas miljöaspekter är studenternas resor. Denna rapportpresenterar resultaten från en enkätstudie för studenters resvanor där koldioxidutsläppetper år för studenters resor till hemort, andra studieplatser och universitetet harberäknats. Syftet är att ge underlag för att bedöma om studenternas resande är enbetydande miljöaspekt. Inflyttade campusstudenters koldioxidutsläpp kom till störstadelen från resorna till hemorten som var relativt långa och gjordes ofta. Icke inflyttadecampusstudenters och en distansstudenters koldioxidutsläpp kom till största delen frånresorna till universitetet där den icke inflyttade studenten reste ofta och kort ochdistansstudenten reste sällan men långt. Vid inflyttade studenters resor till annanstudieplats, inflyttade campusstudenters resor till universitetet och distansstudentersresor till annan studieplats var koldioxidutsläppet högre under vintern än för de andraårstiderna vilket innebär att färre gick/cyklade under vintern. Slutsatsen är attstudenternas resor bör ses som en betydande miljöaspekter i universitetets ellerhögskolans miljöledningsarbete. Mål och åtgärder bör sättas upp för vad som är aktuelltoch möjligt på studieorten. / The countries in the world have concluded agreements to prevent the global averagetemperature to exceed 2°C. To engage authorities to set an example they're required tohave an environmental management system. One of the universities environmentalaspects is student travel. This report presents the result from a survey of students' travelhabits where the carbon dioxide emission per year from students' travel to hometown,other study places and university have been calculated. The aim is to give theuniversities material to assess if the students' travel is a significant environmentalaspect. The carbon dioxide emission from a student that moved to the area to study wasmost caused by the travel to the hometown wich had a far distance and was frequentlydone. The carbon dioxide emission from a student that already lived in the area and adistance student was most caused by trips to the university wich for the student thatlived in the area was done frequently and had a short distance and for the distancestudent was done rarely with a far distance. When students that moved to the areatraveled to other study places and the university and when distance students traveled toother study places the carbon dioxide emission in the winter differed from the otherseasons wich shows that fewer students walked/biked in the winter. The students travelshould be seen as a significant environmental aspect in the universities environmentalwork. Environmental objectives and actions should be based on relevance andpossibility for the university.

Social media become a powerful communication medium for effective online social interaction globally. The use of various social networking sites has integrated into people’s daily lives especially among young adults. Problem arises when personal information is used without individuals’ involvement and relevant privacy risks increased. The main focus for the thesis is to investigate privacy perception and risks knowledge of Facebook usage among university students in Sweden. Based on this focus, the research identifies the key reasons that students decide to use and still use Facebook despite of privacy risks. The study also explores how user perspective of privacy affects the utilization of Facebook. The adopted methodology is qualitative research through the methods of interview and Facebook data analysis among ten young adult students at Linnaeus University in Sweden. As result, the research has identified seven concepts and three special outcomes to answer the research questions. Through the analysis, we have recognized weak perception of privacy risks among university students. Although users claim they are privacy concerned yet large amount of private information is shared on Facebook. The findings have shown that users are somewhat willing to accept certain part of potential privacy risks and personal information usage by different parties, in exchange for benefits and needs of online interaction in today’s modern society. Users believe the shared personal information on Facebook is under control and they can prepare for possible consequences. However, we believe that people’s needs for popular online social interaction outweigh privacy concerns. We suggest that it is significantly important for social networking sites’ users to balance benefits and risks, in order to maintain balanced usage and positive effects of online personal privacy. In the end of the thesis, we have suggested two future research directions based on our research topic.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Literature shows that the transition from high school to university is fraught with challenges and that there is need to appreciate these challenges from the students’ perspectives and devise ways of assisting the students navigate them smoothly. - Aim: To explore the perspectives of first year students at the University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences (UZCHS) regarding their transition from high school to the UZCHS and propose possible ways to manage the transition phase based on the students’ perspectives. - Objectives : The objectives of this study were to determine the students’ perspectives with regards to various factors that are known to affect the transition from high school to university. - Design: An evaluative research study design was adopted using a mixed method research approach sequentially applying a quantitative and qualitative method. - Method: Four hundred and eighty six (486) self-administered survey questionnaires with 23 closeended questions were distributed to all first year students in the UZCHS. Only 16 questions were analysed for purposes of this research project. A total of 49 interviews were conducted for the in-depth structured questions interview on a randomly selected group of students from each of the programmes. - Results : The response rate was 51% (246/486) ; 81.4% of students were in the 19 to 20 years age group; 52% males and 48% females; 44.4% of the students were enrolled in the MBChB programme. The major challenges faced by the students were the heavy workload; poor counselling services; sticking to timetables; using the library; poor teacher-student relationships; poor sense of belonging; living with a diverse population Frustrations at the UZCHS were identified as arising from academic issues: examinations marks; poor facilities; inadequate high school preparation for university grades and poor feedback. Students’ financing at university was also of concern to the students. The students found the orientation week most useful. The motivation for joining the UZCHS was for career prospects, personal desires and parental influence. Preparatory information given by the UZCHS was considered adequate but not sufficiently detailed. Factors that helped students settle in were the initial reception, orientation week, and the relationships between students, staff and lecturers. The role of parents, peers and friends in settling in was also highlighted as important. - Conclusions : The students’ perspectives on transition are similar to those reported in the literature:need for pre-university information, better accommodation, improved library facilities, improved counselling services, lengthening the orientation week, more detailed information about UZCHS before admission, improve pre-university contact with students ,reduced workload in order to accommodate extra-curricular social life. Students’ preparation for life and learning at university should start during high school. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Uit die literatuur is ditbaieduidelikdat die oorgang van studentevanaf die skoolnauniversiteitbaieuitdagend is. Daar is derhalwe ‘n behoeftedathierdieuitdagingsvanuit die perspektiewe van die studentebeskou word in ‘n poging om hulle op die meeseffektiewemanierteondersteunentebegelei. - Doelstelling: Die doel van hierdie studie is om die perspektiewe van eerstejaarstudente aan die Universiteit van Zimbabwe se Fakulteit Gesondheidswetenskappe (UZCHS) te ondersoek wat betref die oorgang van hoërskool na die UZCHS, en wyses voor te stel om die oorgangsfase te bestuur, gebaseer op die studente se perspektiewe. - Doelwit: Die doelwitte van hierdie studie was om te bepaal wat die studente se perspektiewe was oor die verskeie welbekende problematiese faktore teenwoordig in die oorgang van skool na universiteit. - Ontwerp: ʼn Evaluerende navorsingsontwerp is onderneem deur ʼn gemengde navorsingsmetode te volg. Dit is opeenvolgend deur ʼn kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe metode toegepas. - Metode: ʼn Self-administrerende vraelysopname met 23 geslote vrae is ewekansig toegepas en versprei aan vierhonderd ses- en tagtig (486) studente van die UZCHS. Slegs 16 vrae is vir die doeleindes van hierdie studie geanaliseer. ʼn Onderhoud met in-diepte gestruktureerde vrae is ook gevoer met ʼn ewekansig geselekteerde groep studente (49) van elk van die programme wat aangebied word by die UZCHS. - Resultate: Die responskoers was 51% (246/486); 81.4% van die studente was in die ouderdomsgroep 19 tot 20 jaar; 52% was manlik en 48% vroulik; 44.4% van die studente was geregistreer vir die MBChB program. Die uitdagings deur die studente ervaar was onder andere die swaar werklading, swak studente-ondersteuningsdienste, om by te bly by die rooster, die gebruik van die biblioteek, swak dosent-student verhouding, ʼn swak gevoel van behoort aan, en om deel te wees van ʼn diverse samelewing. Frustrasies by die UZCHS het hul oorsprong gehad by akademiese kwessies: eksamenpunte; uitslae en swak terugvoering. Studente-finansiering aan die universiteit was ook ʼn bron van kommer by studente. Studente het die oriëntasieweek die nuttigste gevind. Die motivering om aan te sluit by die UZCHS het verband gehou met loopbaanvooruitsigte, persoonlike behoeftes en ouer-invloed. Voorbereidende inligting verskaf deur die UZCHS is beskou is voldoende maar sonder genoeg besonderhede. Faktore wat studente gehelp het om tuis te voel was die aanvanklike ontvangs, oriëntasieweek, en die verhoudings tussen studente, personeel en lektore. Die rol van ouers, portuurgroep en vriende om hulle te laat tuis voel, is aangedui as belangrik. - Gevolgtrekkings: Die studente se perspektiewe op oorgang is soortgelyk aan dié wat in die literatuur gerapporteer word. Daar is ʼn behoefte aan beter studentebehuising en biblioteekfasiliteite en studente-ondersteuningsdienste, en meer gedetailleerde informasie oor die UZCHS voor toelating. Studente glo ook dat die oriëntasie week verleng moet word en dat die werklading verminder moet word om hul buitemuurse sosiale lewe te akkommodeer. Studente se voorbereiding vir die studentelewe en universiteitstudies behoort reeds op hoërskool te begin.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det fanns ett samband mellan alkoholkonsumtion och personlighetsdimensionerna som beskrivits utifrån Femfaktorteorin samt mellan variablerna kön, ålder, civilstatus och antal barn. Vidare var studiens syfte att undersöka om dessa variabler kan predicera alkoholkonsumtion. Deltagarna (N=140) studerade vid ett medelstort universitet i södra Sverige.  Korrelationsanalysen          påvisade samband mellan alkoholkonsumtion, extraversion, agreeableness, kön, civilstatus och antal barn deltagarna hade. I en multipel regressionsanalys försvann sambandet med agreeableness och civilstatus. / The purpose of this study was to examine associations between alcohol consumption and the personality dimensions specified in the Five factor theory as well as between the variables sex, age, civil status and number of children. Furthermore was an aim to examine if these variables could predict alcohol consumption. The participants (N=140) were students from a midsized university in southern Sweden. Correlation analysis demonstrated a connection between alcohol consumption, extraversion, agreeableness, sex, civil status, and the number of children the participants had. The connection between agreeableness and alcohol consumption as well as between alcohol consumption and civil status disappeared in the follow up multiple regression analysis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an animated pedagogical agent on Spanish vocabulary learning. Furthermore, the study examined learners’ reactions and attitudes towards the presence of the pedagogical agent in a web-based environment, as well as how learners used the conversational component of the pedagogical agent in their learning process. A total of 47 university students enrolled in two fourth-semester Spanish classes participated in this study. Both the Control group and the Experimental group used a web-based environment that presented new vocabulary (in audio and text), along with activities for practicing the vocabulary in context. The difference between the two groups was that an animated pedagogical agent (Laura) was present in the environment used by the Experimental group. In addition, a conversational component was added at a second phase to the environment used by the Experimental group, which the learners used to chat with the pedagogical agent about the material presented. The data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative data were derived from a demographic information questionnaire, a vocabulary pre-test and two vocabulary post-tests (an immediate post-test and a delayed post-test), as well as from attitudes scales completed prior to the learners’ exposure to the web-based environments and after completing the learning sessions. The qualitative data were derived from a learning experience questionnaire completed by all learners at the end of the learning sessions, as well as from the scripts of the chat sessions between the learners in the Experimental group and the pedagogical agent, and a chatting experience questionnaire completed by the same group. Analysis of the quantitative data did not yield significant differences between the Control and the Experimental groups with respect to vocabulary learning outcomes and affective outcomes. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed learners’ preferences with respect to features embedded in the web-based language learning environments. In addition, it explored how learners utilized the conversational aspect of the pedagogical agent, and provided information as to the type of information the agent’s knowledge base should include in order for the agent to be a beneficial tool for the learners’ progress. / text

A technological community has hastily been developed and nowadays it is a majority of the Swedish population available. This study is about the constant accessibility of social media from a health perspective. The purpose of the study is to examine why university students use social media and how they feel that the health is affected through constant availability. The method used is qualitative with seven semi-structured interviews. The study result shows that university students consider that constant accessibility through social media affects the health in several ways, both positively and negatively. Positively by facilitating contact and communication, for example, study contexts and that it contributes to tighter social networks. Negatively as it contributes to stress, creates insomnia and low self-esteem. The conclusion to be drawn from the study is that university students seeing social media as a natural part of the life and the mental and physical health is negatively affected, while the social well-being positively affected. / Ett teknologiskt samhälle har hastigt vuxit fram och numera är en majoritet av den svenska befolkningen tillgänglig. Denna studie handlar om ständig tillgänglighet via sociala medier ur ett hälsoperspektiv. Syftet med studien är att undersöka varför högskolestudenter använder sociala medier och hur de upplever att hälsan påverkas genom ständig tillgänglighet. En kvalitativ metod har används med en manifest innehållsanalys. Deltagarna i studien valdes via ett målstyrt urval och sju semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts. Studiens resultat visar att högskolestudenter anser att ständig tillgänglighet via sociala medier påverkar hälsan på flera sätt, både positivt och negativt. Positivt genom att det underlättar kontakt och kommunikation vid exempelvis studiesammanhang samt att det bidrar till tätare sociala nätverk. Negativt då det bidrar till stress, skapar sömnsvårigheter och låg självkänsla. Slutsatsen som kan dras av studien är att högskolestudenter ser sociala medier som en naturlig del av tillvaron och att den psykiska och fysiska hälsan påverkas negativt, samtidigt som det sociala välbefinnandet påverkas positivt.

The study’s aim was to obtain evidence of validity of the Learning Self-Regulation Questionnaire (LSRQ) internal structure and to verify metric invariance compared with a previous research study. The participants were 237 university students from the first three academic semesters of a private university in three Peruvian cities (two in the North of Peru, and one in Lima). The analysis was performed by a semi-confirmatory factor analysis, specifying as comparison matrix: a) the configuration derived from a previous study, and b) the free estimation loadings factors. The results indicate that two dimensions represent the instrument structure satisfactorily; but the metric invariance compared to a previous study was not satisfactory. The re-specification of the model, by removing two items with factorial complexity problems and the free estimation of the items, was successful. These results are discussed so as to the interpretation of their scores and the lack of metric invariance. / El objetivo del estudio fue obtener evidencias de validez de la estructura interna del Cuestionario de Autorregulación del Aprendizaje (Learning Self-Regulation Questionnaire; LSRQ) y verificar la invarianza métrica comparada con un estudio previo. Los participantes fueron 237 estudiantes universitarios de los tres primeros ciclos académicos de una universidad privada, procedentes de tres ciudades del Perú (dos del norte y una de Lima). El análisis se realizó mediante un análisis factorial semiconfirmatorio, especificando como matriz de comparación (a) la configuración derivada de un estudio previo, y (b) la estimación libre de las cargas factoriales. Los resultados indican que dos dimensiones representan satisfactoriamente la estructura del instrumento; pero la invarianza métrica respecto a un estudio previo no fue satisfactoria. La reespecificación del modelo, mediante la eliminación de dos ítems con problemas de complejidad factorial y la estimación libre de los ítems, obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios. Se discuten estos resultados en el marco de la interpretación de sus puntajes y la falta de invarianza métrica.

Academic librarians have for a number of decades been interested in understanding more about how and why students use libraries. This study contributes to that area of library administration by focusing on nine factors thought to be associated with student use of academic libraries.