Recent research has shown that the main challenge regarding urban resilience planning is to broaden the views and go beyond resilience in relation to climate change, and incorporate other important societal aspects. The aim of this thesis is therefor to analyse contemporary planning aims and practices relating to the adaptation and resilience of urban social change. How and to what extent is social change aspects incorporated within the aims and practices of contemporary planning for urban resilience? What means are needed to bridge the gap between urban resilience planning for environmental change and social change? The method used is a textual analysis of five case studies; three international and two Swedish studies, which results in a comparative and theme based analytical matrix. The main findings show that urban resilience is still dominated by its environmental change aspects, and that social urban resilience is not yet a commonly used phrase within contemporary urban planning. By adapting some of the approaches used within environmental urban resilience when planning for social changes however, cities will be more resilient and be able to better identify, adapt to and improve the changing social patterns such as demographic changes and social exclusion.

This thesis proposes the renovation of existing rental units in ten low-rise apartment buildings in order to foster urban and ecological resilience. Existing ex-military apartments on the north shore of Maynard Lake in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada are adapted through strategic additions and subtractions to create a gradient of spaces: from private to communal to public. The site is conceived as an urban threshold to the lake, organized around new communal amenity spaces for the inhabitants and new diverse mixed-use spaces for the public. At the heart of the project lies the design strategy of effecting big change in the quality of existing space through small interventions. Relatively low-cost incremental design moves transform bleak and alienating spaces into livable places where renters will benefit from the support of their community.

Food culture has long been a fundamental part of the city; as a culturally cohesive urban infrastructure, food culture creates integral shared experiences and is a generator of socioeconomic opportunity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, existing systemic issues of racial segregation and isolation have exacerbated growing concerns of food insecurity within prominent minority neighborhoods of Boston, Massachusetts. The instability created by the lockdown and consequential work-life culture shift reinforces the importance of establishing and maintaining equitable and sustainable pathways of access to food resources and the socioeconomic opportunities food culture can create. To promote resilience in the post-COVID-19 lockdown city, urban environments will need to be reimagined to incorporate social and economic infrastructures that promote flexibility and maximize entrepreneurial equity, diversity, and opportunity. As a driving force of this equitable change in Jamaica Plain and the surrounding neighborhoods, this thesis proposes a new sustainable food system that is in tune with the regions storied ecological landscapes as well as the current need for mobility in post-COVID-19 urban life. To bridge the gap between historically fragmented regions of the urban fabric, this thesis will propose an infrastructural landmark designed to support the proliferation of food cultures, enhance housing, industrial, and ecological infrastructures, as well as bike and pedestrian mobility to restitch the greater urban fabric of the city of Boston. This thesis explores the reorganization of a range of modalities of urban food culture into a comprehensive food hub. The Food Hub and associated program will serve as an incubator of socioeconomic opportunity as well as operate as a system of sustainable production and distribution aimed at creating food sovereignty amongst members of the community. The resolution of these analyses will culminate in an architectonic framework for food culture programs that are primed to support the sustainable and equitable flow of resources, users, and ideas between disparate communities.

Como resultado de um crescente número de pessoas se movendo para as cidades, as condições urbanas estão continuamente em modificação e com tendência ao agravamento de riscos. Aproximadamente 60% da população urbana mundial está localizada em regiões expostas a pelo menos um tipo de risco de desastre natural. O rápido processo de ocupação da área urbana não foi acompanhado de um adequado ordenamento territorial o que acabou resultando na formação de assentamentos precários, compostos principalmente por famílias de baixa renda e localizados em zonas sujeitas a diferentes tipos de risco de desastres. A perspectiva de mitigação do risco de desastres e a promoção da resiliência urbana levam à reflexão sobre quais as possibilidades podem ser desenvolvidas junto a essas comunidades para que levem a progressos que venham ao encontro da agenda mundial de redução de riscos de desastres. Esta pesquisa se dedica, como principal objetivo, a identificação de possíveis bases para a qualificação urbana de assentamentos precários sob a ótica da gestão de riscos de desastres. Para isso, foram utilizadas três estratégias de pesquisa. A primeira estratégia de pesquisa foi a realização de um estudo de caso a fim de levantar subsídios para as demais etapas, utilizando uma tecnologia social de mapeamento da percepção de riscos de desastres, desenvolvida pelo Grupo de Gestão de Riscos de Desastres – GRID/UFRGS, em um assentamento precário em Porto Alegre. A segunda estratégia de pesquisa foi coletar dados por meio da aplicação de duas reuniões de grupos focados, onde foram convidados 11 especialistas de diversas áreas com atuação em assentamentos precários, a fim de levantar ações e auxiliar na busca por uma melhor maneira de avançar frente aos riscos mapeados Para a análise, os dados foram classificados de acordo com possibilidades de ações nessas áreas, correlações com a comunidade, correlações com o poder público e elementos de suporte ao desenvolvimento das bases para a qualificação urbana. Um total de 54 ações foram identificadas e categorizadas em quatro grupos: diagnóstico; articulação do poder público; melhorias do ambiente natural e construído; e capacitação. A Estratégia Integrada para Redução de Riscos – EIGER, desenvolvida no âmbito do projeto “Desenvolvimento e Apoio à Implantação de uma Estratégia Integrada de Prevenção de Riscos Associados a Regimes Hidrológicos na Bacia do Taquari-Antas – RS” foi utilizada como a terceira estratégia de pesquisa, para avaliar as ações selecionadas conforme as nove dimensões da EIGER: planejamento; organizacional; integração; estrutura de gestão de riscos; gestão hídrica; gestão ambiental; e qualificação urbana e rural. O estabelecimento de relações das ações com as dimensões EIGER contribuiu para evidenciar as relações existentes e para o entendimento da complexidade do processo de qualificação urbana sob a ótica da gestão de riscos de desastres, também evidenciando a importância da atuação do Poder Público como o grande articulador no processo. O método aplicado a partir da seleção das ações para este estudo possibilitou determinar que, todos os quatro grupos de ações levantadas, possuem importância no processo de qualificação urbana. Assim, a solução encontrada se caracteriza principalmente como uma aproximação para as bases da qualificação urbana sob a ótica da gestão de risco, aliando o conhecimento local com o conhecimento técnico. / As result of the increasing number of people moving to cities, urban conditions are constantly in motion. Around 60% of the urban population is located in zones susceptible to, at least, one type of natural disaster. This occupation of urban areas was not followed by an adequate territorial organization strategy, which allowed the development of precarious settlements, mainly inhabited by families with low income, generally located in zones vulnerable to many types of disaster risks. The effective management for risk disaster reduction in regional, national and global levels contributes to community protection, also strengthening the resilience. The disaster of mitigation point of view and promotion of urban resilience brings the brainstorming of which possibilities can be developed alongside these communities, bringing progress related to the global platform for disaster risk reduction. This research is focused mainly on the investigating urban of qualification foundations of precarious settlements through the perspective of disaster risk management. To accomplish this goal, the application of a case study was used as the first strategy, in order to raise funds for later research steps, using a social mapping technology of disaster risk perception, developed by Group of Disaster Risk Management – GRID/UFRGS, in a precarious settlement located in Porto Alegre. The second research strategy was the data collection using information gathered from focused groups, in which 11 experts from different areas related to precarious settlements were invited to take action and support the search for a better way of being prepared for the risks actions discovered. To carry out this analysis, the data was ranked according to the possibilities of action in these areas, correlations with the community, correlations with public management and support elements for the development of urban qualification foundations. A total of 54 actions were identified and ranked into four groups: diagnosis, public management articulation, improvements in natural and constructed environments; and urban and rural qualification. The establishment of existing action relations coupled with Integrated Strategy for Risk Reduction - EIGER dimensions highlighted existing relations and brought up the understanding of the urban qualification process focusing on disaster risk management, also evidenced by the importance of the public management being the main process articulator. The applied method allowed the conclusion that, from the four action groups that were raised, all of them are important in the urban qualification process. Thus, the solution is to link all urban qualification foundations together and focused on risk management, to adding local and technical knowledge.

Big business and small business, the global and the local, the rich and the poor—these polarities often inhabit compartmentalized geographies within the modern global city. This compartmentalization proves to be problematic since the lack of a localized diversity of socioeconomic actors is a critical point of vulnerability in the context of urban resilience. The question is, what role does the relationship between the built world and human socioeconomic agency play in the context of this issue? The objective of this dissertation is to document, analyze, and understand: (1) at the district scale, how architectural / urban characteristics, typologies, and configurations have historically influenced the developmental trajectory and composition of the city’s socioeconomic fabric, and in turn how socioeconomic structures have historically influenced the architectural / urban characteristics, typologies, and configurations observed in the city; (2) at the building scale, how the internal physical / spatial characteristics and configurations of buildings have historically influenced the developmental trajectory and composition of the socioeconomic fabric, and how socioeconomic actors in turn have historically altered and influenced the internal physical / spatial characteristics and configurations of buildings over time; (3) the commonalities, patterns, and processes that can be discerned via the historic study of these narratives of physical and socioeconomic change; and (4) how these commonalities can in turn inform future architectural and urban projects in their capacity to support localized diversities of socioeconomic actors. In seeking to answer these questions, this dissertation endeavors to understand, more broadly: (1) the historic nature of the relationship between the physical and the socioeconomic fabric of the city; and (2) how future alterations to the physical fabric of the city can be informed so as to positively impact a locality’s ability to attract and maintain a diversity of socioeconomic actors over an extended period of time. These broader objectives are pursued with the supposition that they have the capacity to significantly impact the ideological conception, as well as practical regulation, planning, and administration of global cities.

Como resultado de um crescente número de pessoas se movendo para as cidades, as condições urbanas estão continuamente em modificação e com tendência ao agravamento de riscos. Aproximadamente 60% da população urbana mundial está localizada em regiões expostas a pelo menos um tipo de risco de desastre natural. O rápido processo de ocupação da área urbana não foi acompanhado de um adequado ordenamento territorial o que acabou resultando na formação de assentamentos precários, compostos principalmente por famílias de baixa renda e localizados em zonas sujeitas a diferentes tipos de risco de desastres. A perspectiva de mitigação do risco de desastres e a promoção da resiliência urbana levam à reflexão sobre quais as possibilidades podem ser desenvolvidas junto a essas comunidades para que levem a progressos que venham ao encontro da agenda mundial de redução de riscos de desastres. Esta pesquisa se dedica, como principal objetivo, a identificação de possíveis bases para a qualificação urbana de assentamentos precários sob a ótica da gestão de riscos de desastres. Para isso, foram utilizadas três estratégias de pesquisa. A primeira estratégia de pesquisa foi a realização de um estudo de caso a fim de levantar subsídios para as demais etapas, utilizando uma tecnologia social de mapeamento da percepção de riscos de desastres, desenvolvida pelo Grupo de Gestão de Riscos de Desastres – GRID/UFRGS, em um assentamento precário em Porto Alegre. A segunda estratégia de pesquisa foi coletar dados por meio da aplicação de duas reuniões de grupos focados, onde foram convidados 11 especialistas de diversas áreas com atuação em assentamentos precários, a fim de levantar ações e auxiliar na busca por uma melhor maneira de avançar frente aos riscos mapeados Para a análise, os dados foram classificados de acordo com possibilidades de ações nessas áreas, correlações com a comunidade, correlações com o poder público e elementos de suporte ao desenvolvimento das bases para a qualificação urbana. Um total de 54 ações foram identificadas e categorizadas em quatro grupos: diagnóstico; articulação do poder público; melhorias do ambiente natural e construído; e capacitação. A Estratégia Integrada para Redução de Riscos – EIGER, desenvolvida no âmbito do projeto “Desenvolvimento e Apoio à Implantação de uma Estratégia Integrada de Prevenção de Riscos Associados a Regimes Hidrológicos na Bacia do Taquari-Antas – RS” foi utilizada como a terceira estratégia de pesquisa, para avaliar as ações selecionadas conforme as nove dimensões da EIGER: planejamento; organizacional; integração; estrutura de gestão de riscos; gestão hídrica; gestão ambiental; e qualificação urbana e rural. O estabelecimento de relações das ações com as dimensões EIGER contribuiu para evidenciar as relações existentes e para o entendimento da complexidade do processo de qualificação urbana sob a ótica da gestão de riscos de desastres, também evidenciando a importância da atuação do Poder Público como o grande articulador no processo. O método aplicado a partir da seleção das ações para este estudo possibilitou determinar que, todos os quatro grupos de ações levantadas, possuem importância no processo de qualificação urbana. Assim, a solução encontrada se caracteriza principalmente como uma aproximação para as bases da qualificação urbana sob a ótica da gestão de risco, aliando o conhecimento local com o conhecimento técnico. / As result of the increasing number of people moving to cities, urban conditions are constantly in motion. Around 60% of the urban population is located in zones susceptible to, at least, one type of natural disaster. This occupation of urban areas was not followed by an adequate territorial organization strategy, which allowed the development of precarious settlements, mainly inhabited by families with low income, generally located in zones vulnerable to many types of disaster risks. The effective management for risk disaster reduction in regional, national and global levels contributes to community protection, also strengthening the resilience. The disaster of mitigation point of view and promotion of urban resilience brings the brainstorming of which possibilities can be developed alongside these communities, bringing progress related to the global platform for disaster risk reduction. This research is focused mainly on the investigating urban of qualification foundations of precarious settlements through the perspective of disaster risk management. To accomplish this goal, the application of a case study was used as the first strategy, in order to raise funds for later research steps, using a social mapping technology of disaster risk perception, developed by Group of Disaster Risk Management – GRID/UFRGS, in a precarious settlement located in Porto Alegre. The second research strategy was the data collection using information gathered from focused groups, in which 11 experts from different areas related to precarious settlements were invited to take action and support the search for a better way of being prepared for the risks actions discovered. To carry out this analysis, the data was ranked according to the possibilities of action in these areas, correlations with the community, correlations with public management and support elements for the development of urban qualification foundations. A total of 54 actions were identified and ranked into four groups: diagnosis, public management articulation, improvements in natural and constructed environments; and urban and rural qualification. The establishment of existing action relations coupled with Integrated Strategy for Risk Reduction - EIGER dimensions highlighted existing relations and brought up the understanding of the urban qualification process focusing on disaster risk management, also evidenced by the importance of the public management being the main process articulator. The applied method allowed the conclusion that, from the four action groups that were raised, all of them are important in the urban qualification process. Thus, the solution is to link all urban qualification foundations together and focused on risk management, to adding local and technical knowledge.

Como resultado de um crescente número de pessoas se movendo para as cidades, as condições urbanas estão continuamente em modificação e com tendência ao agravamento de riscos. Aproximadamente 60% da população urbana mundial está localizada em regiões expostas a pelo menos um tipo de risco de desastre natural. O rápido processo de ocupação da área urbana não foi acompanhado de um adequado ordenamento territorial o que acabou resultando na formação de assentamentos precários, compostos principalmente por famílias de baixa renda e localizados em zonas sujeitas a diferentes tipos de risco de desastres. A perspectiva de mitigação do risco de desastres e a promoção da resiliência urbana levam à reflexão sobre quais as possibilidades podem ser desenvolvidas junto a essas comunidades para que levem a progressos que venham ao encontro da agenda mundial de redução de riscos de desastres. Esta pesquisa se dedica, como principal objetivo, a identificação de possíveis bases para a qualificação urbana de assentamentos precários sob a ótica da gestão de riscos de desastres. Para isso, foram utilizadas três estratégias de pesquisa. A primeira estratégia de pesquisa foi a realização de um estudo de caso a fim de levantar subsídios para as demais etapas, utilizando uma tecnologia social de mapeamento da percepção de riscos de desastres, desenvolvida pelo Grupo de Gestão de Riscos de Desastres – GRID/UFRGS, em um assentamento precário em Porto Alegre. A segunda estratégia de pesquisa foi coletar dados por meio da aplicação de duas reuniões de grupos focados, onde foram convidados 11 especialistas de diversas áreas com atuação em assentamentos precários, a fim de levantar ações e auxiliar na busca por uma melhor maneira de avançar frente aos riscos mapeados Para a análise, os dados foram classificados de acordo com possibilidades de ações nessas áreas, correlações com a comunidade, correlações com o poder público e elementos de suporte ao desenvolvimento das bases para a qualificação urbana. Um total de 54 ações foram identificadas e categorizadas em quatro grupos: diagnóstico; articulação do poder público; melhorias do ambiente natural e construído; e capacitação. A Estratégia Integrada para Redução de Riscos – EIGER, desenvolvida no âmbito do projeto “Desenvolvimento e Apoio à Implantação de uma Estratégia Integrada de Prevenção de Riscos Associados a Regimes Hidrológicos na Bacia do Taquari-Antas – RS” foi utilizada como a terceira estratégia de pesquisa, para avaliar as ações selecionadas conforme as nove dimensões da EIGER: planejamento; organizacional; integração; estrutura de gestão de riscos; gestão hídrica; gestão ambiental; e qualificação urbana e rural. O estabelecimento de relações das ações com as dimensões EIGER contribuiu para evidenciar as relações existentes e para o entendimento da complexidade do processo de qualificação urbana sob a ótica da gestão de riscos de desastres, também evidenciando a importância da atuação do Poder Público como o grande articulador no processo. O método aplicado a partir da seleção das ações para este estudo possibilitou determinar que, todos os quatro grupos de ações levantadas, possuem importância no processo de qualificação urbana. Assim, a solução encontrada se caracteriza principalmente como uma aproximação para as bases da qualificação urbana sob a ótica da gestão de risco, aliando o conhecimento local com o conhecimento técnico. / As result of the increasing number of people moving to cities, urban conditions are constantly in motion. Around 60% of the urban population is located in zones susceptible to, at least, one type of natural disaster. This occupation of urban areas was not followed by an adequate territorial organization strategy, which allowed the development of precarious settlements, mainly inhabited by families with low income, generally located in zones vulnerable to many types of disaster risks. The effective management for risk disaster reduction in regional, national and global levels contributes to community protection, also strengthening the resilience. The disaster of mitigation point of view and promotion of urban resilience brings the brainstorming of which possibilities can be developed alongside these communities, bringing progress related to the global platform for disaster risk reduction. This research is focused mainly on the investigating urban of qualification foundations of precarious settlements through the perspective of disaster risk management. To accomplish this goal, the application of a case study was used as the first strategy, in order to raise funds for later research steps, using a social mapping technology of disaster risk perception, developed by Group of Disaster Risk Management – GRID/UFRGS, in a precarious settlement located in Porto Alegre. The second research strategy was the data collection using information gathered from focused groups, in which 11 experts from different areas related to precarious settlements were invited to take action and support the search for a better way of being prepared for the risks actions discovered. To carry out this analysis, the data was ranked according to the possibilities of action in these areas, correlations with the community, correlations with public management and support elements for the development of urban qualification foundations. A total of 54 actions were identified and ranked into four groups: diagnosis, public management articulation, improvements in natural and constructed environments; and urban and rural qualification. The establishment of existing action relations coupled with Integrated Strategy for Risk Reduction - EIGER dimensions highlighted existing relations and brought up the understanding of the urban qualification process focusing on disaster risk management, also evidenced by the importance of the public management being the main process articulator. The applied method allowed the conclusion that, from the four action groups that were raised, all of them are important in the urban qualification process. Thus, the solution is to link all urban qualification foundations together and focused on risk management, to adding local and technical knowledge.

La ville de Semarang est une des villes côtières indonésiennes vulnérables aux risques hydrologiques. Elle a été menacée par les inondations depuis plusieurs siècles. Cette menace a été aggravée par le phénomène de rob – expression locale qui désigne une inondation survenant lors d’une haute marée – en particulier dans la zone côtière, depuis la fin des années 1980, en liaison avec le processus d’industrialisation qui influe sur la croissance urbaine. Les acteurs urbains, de l’époque du gouvernement néerlandais à celle du gouvernement actuel, ont élaboré de nombreux projets pour améliorer les capacités du système urbain et réduire le risque hydrologique ; en témoigne le développement du réseau de canaux et du système du polder. Cependant, le risque hydrologique demeure une menace pour la ville. Les faiblesses du système urbain pour la réduction du risque hydrologique augmentent la vulnérabilité des communautés face aux risques hydrologiques. Ainsi les communautés côtières sont souvent menacées par le risque du rob dans la vie quotidienne. Cette situation les encourage à mettre en œuvre des efforts d'auto-assistance, individuelle et collective, basés sur leurs perceptions et leurs initiatives, afin de réduire l’impact des risques hydrologiques sur leurs territoires (habitats). Ces efforts sont effectués à la fois de manière routinière et temporaire. Les communautés utilisent des moyens modestes qui dépendent de leurs capacités économiques; ces façons déterminent un mode d'adaptation qui influence le processus de résilience urbaine. Cette recherche a pour objet de comprendre les formes de la résilience à l'échelle locale (communautés et quartiers) ; elle vise également à appréhender les interactions entre les échelles du contexte local et celles du contexte urbain global qui interviennent dans le processus de résilience. Cette dernière reflète les capacités du système urbain qui comporte à la fois les systèmes technique et institutionnel, et les capacités des communautés à s'adapter aux risques. La résilience urbaine est liée aux initiatives des acteurs pour réduire les impacts des inondations durant les évènements (avant, pendant et après), afin de minimiser la vulnérabilité urbaine, et aussi pour apprendre de leurs expériences acquises lors des inondations précédentes afin de développer la durabilité urbaine. L’approche est pluridisciplinaire, à l’interface entre le génie urbain, la recherche architecturale et urbaine, et la sociologie. La compréhension de la résilience urbaine face aux inondations permet une connaissance globale des interactions entre les actions des institutions urbaines et celles des communautés. Le résultat de cette recherche révèle que les communautés côtières de la ville de Semarang ont la capacité de développer des formes de résilience grâce à leurs efforts d'auto-assistance, en liaison ou non avec les autres acteurs impliqués dans le processus. Cependant, le système urbain et le système institutionnel apparaissent comme nécessaires pour développer la résilience à l'échelle urbaine, et aussi la prévention des conflits communautaires et des inégalités urbaines relatives aux actions d'auto-assistance et d'adaptation / La ville de Semarang est une des villes côtières indonésiennes vulnérables aux risques hydrologiques. Elle a été menacée par les inondations depuis plusieurs siècles. Cette menace a été aggravée par le phénomène de rob – expression locale qui désigne une inondation survenant lors d’une haute marée – en particulier dans la zone côtière, depuis la fin des années 1980, en liaison avec le processus d’industrialisation qui influe sur la croissance urbaine. Les acteurs urbains, de l’époque du gouvernement néerlandais à celle du gouvernement actuel, ont élaboré de nombreux projets pour améliorer les capacités du système urbain et réduire le risque hydrologique ; en témoigne le développement du réseau de canaux et du système du polder. Cependant, le risque hydrologique demeure une menace pour la ville. Les faiblesses du système urbain pour la réduction du risque hydrologique augmentent la vulnérabilité des communautés face aux risques hydrologiques. Ainsi les communautés côtières sont souvent menacées par le risque du rob dans la vie quotidienne. Cette situation les encourage à mettre en œuvre des efforts d'auto-assistance, individuelle et collective, basés sur leurs perceptions et leurs initiatives, afin de réduire l’impact des risques hydrologiques sur leurs territoires (habitats). Ces efforts sont effectués à la fois de manière routinière et temporaire. Les communautés utilisent des moyens modestes qui dépendent de leurs capacités économiques; ces façons déterminent un mode d'adaptation qui influence le processus de résilience urbaine.Cette recherche a pour objet de comprendre les formes de la résilience à l'échelle locale (communautés et quartiers) ; elle vise également à appréhender les interactions entre les échelles du contexte local et celles du contexte urbain global qui interviennent dans le processus de résilience. Cette dernière reflète les capacités du système urbain qui comporte à la fois les systèmes technique et institutionnel, et les capacités des communautés à s'adapter aux risques. La résilience urbaine est liée aux initiatives des acteurs pour réduire les impacts des inondations durant les évènements (avant, pendant et après), afin de minimiser la vulnérabilité urbaine, et aussi pour apprendre de leurs expériences acquises lors des inondations précédentes afin de développer la durabilité urbaine.L’approche est pluridisciplinaire, à l’interface entre le génie urbain, la recherche architecturale et urbaine, et la sociologie. La compréhension de la résilience urbaine face aux inondations permet une connaissance globale des interactions entre les actions des institutions urbaines et celles des communautés. Le résultat de cette recherche révèle que les communautés côtières de la ville de Semarang ont la capacité de développer des formes de résilience grâce à leurs efforts d'auto-assistance, en liaison ou non avec les autres acteurs impliqués dans le processus. Cependant, le système urbain et le système institutionnel apparaissent comme nécessaires pour développer la résilience à l'échelle urbaine, et aussi la prévention des conflits communautaires et des inégalités urbaines relatives aux actions d'auto-assistance et d'adaptation.Mots clés: résilience, capacités d'adaptation, risque d’inondation, ville côtière.

This research is a small part of a bigger field of research made before by other authorsregarding the humans in the urban public space. It has a small context compared to otherstudies, but a big impact inside the community. It aims at finding answers to questions thatother researchers asked before, but under different circumstances and they displayed them through different ways such as documentary films (The social life of small urban spaces 1980, How to live in a city 1964).After experiencing the city life of Malmö and some questions have been raised, the concept of resilience intersected with the interest of social public life in a neighbourhood. In order to have the theoretical framework to answer the research question, the thesis follows a literature review, where the concepts of resilience, urban resilience, resilient urban design and social resilience have been explored.Next, after exploring the city of Malmö, some case studies have been chosen and studiedthrough direct observation in different months starting with March and various times of theday. In the methodological approach section the methods are explained as well as a detailed presentation of the biggest tool used for this research: observational drawing. The tools used for the observation are field notes, observational drawings and photographs. The cases are spread throughout the city and are located in neighbourhoods with different urban tissues. The results reveal all the observational drawings made during the field visits and the field notes written. They show how people use the spaces in all three case studies depending on the weather or other external factors.The discussion reveals the complexity of the relation between concepts and the empiricaldata, following the initial aim of the research throughout the discussion. This thesiscontributes with important outcomes to the field of urban studies creating awareness about the urban context and its influence on people. The findings of this study show a diversity and creativity of users in using the public space.

This dissertation examines how simultaneous social-ecological transformations including environmental change, climate uncertainty and urbanization affect low income residents in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Low income residents often reside in informal settlements which themselves inhabit marginal spaces in the city including roof tops, riverbanks, and land on the urban periphery. In Phnom Penh, many communities in the peri-urban zone depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Yet, this way of life is being compromised by changes to weather patterns, water quality and most pressingly urban expansion, as the wetlands they use to farm are being filled with sand to create new land on which to build luxury condos and expansive shopping malls. This thesis focuses on how low income residents, in particular urban farmers on the outskirts of Phnom Penh, live with and influence the ongoing social-ecological transformations that are shaping the city. I employ a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology, including interviews, focus groups and a household survey to examine how patterns of urbanization in the past 25 years have created situations of both social and ecological marginalization in Phnom Penh. I show how the changing legal framework of land ownership has influenced access to land and housing while analysing how urban farmers have responded to these changes. The following research questions underpinned the study: 1. How are low-income residents of Phnom Penh affected by the process of environmental change (including climate change)? How do other forms of socio-economic marginalization influence this? 2. What are the historical conditions that have shaped the present reality for low-income residents of Phnom Penh in terms of their vulnerability to environmental change? 3. How are low-income residents responding, individually and collectively, to the changes they are experiencing as a result of urbanization and environmental change? What are the outcomes of these actions? 4. How is the concept of ‘resilience’ being employed as a policy objective in Cambodia? Does the presence of a resilience agenda improve conditions for low-income residents facing challenges related to environmental change in urban areas? I combined the theoretical fields of resilience and political ecology, to take advantage of their complementary understandings of the interaction between humans and nature. This theoretical combination highlights the importance of scale, focusing on the loss of agricultural livelihoods at the village level while also acknowledging the role of national policy and politics in shaping the priorities of urban development. My use of political ecology focuses on issues of agency to show how farmers are actively employing strategies to sustain their failing crops, such as increasing the use of chemical inputs, which tragically further undermines their precarious finances as well as the ecosystem they depend on. Farmers deploy short term strategies in an effort to retain a foothold in the city in the hopes that their children will be able to leverage their education to pursue opportunities outside of farming. I further draw on discourse analysis to show how the term resilience is employed in policy and by government officials at the national level to frame climate change as a managerial problem which can be solved with technical solutions and external funding. I argue this obscures how problematic decisions such as the in-filling of urban lakes are caused, not by failures of capacity but by political priorities, aligned to the interests of wealth creation for a small elite. While resilience has been embraced as a policy priority in Cambodia, it has not translated into practices which protect urban ecosystems or lessen social inequalities.