Esta dissertação aprofunda a pesquisa histórica sobre o bairro-jardim Vila Assunção, enquanto resultado de um projeto urbanístico e as transformações da paisagem urbana decorrentes do uso e da apropriação dos espaços projetados no bairro. Neste sentido, o objeto de estudo é o bairro-jardim Vila Assunção, localizado na zona sul de Porto Alegre, projetado em 1937, pelo Engº Ruy de Viveiros Leiria. Tomando como ponto de partida o projeto original, tem como objetivo compreender, através do projeto implantado no passado e da memória afetiva de seus moradores, as dinâmicas de apropriação e de ocupação do espaço, como processo histórico e determinante na formação da paisagem. Desta maneira, entende-se como problema central desta pesquisa compreender os motivos que levaram a escolha do modelo cidade-jardim, para a elaboração do projeto urbano da Vila Assunção e como se deu a sua ocupação. / This dissertation deepen the historical research about the neighborhood-garden Vila Assunção, as a result of urban design and the urban landscape changes arising from the use and appropriation of spaces designed in the neighborhood. In this sense, the object of study is the neighborhood-garden Vila Assunção, located on the South zone of Porto Alegre, designed in 1937 by Eng. Ruy de Viveiros Leiria. Taking as a starting point the original project, aims to understand, through the project deployed in the past and the affective memory of its residents, the dynamics of appropriation and occupation of the space, as historic and decisive process in the formation of the landscape. In this way, one understands as the central problem of this research to understand how and why the choice of a Garden City model, for the elaboration and of the urban design of the Vila Assunção and how its implementation occurred.

Este trabalho trata de analisar a Greve de Inquilinos de 1907 em Buenos Aires, movimento grevista de cunho anarquista que obteve grande repercussão. Organizado por moradores dos Conventillos (cortiços), o movimento reivindicava melhores condições de moradias, além da redução do preço dos aluguéis. Ao nos aprofundarmos nesse contexto percebemos que por trás de um verniz glamourizado de cidade rica e européia Buenos Aires escondia uma face em ebulição, repleta de pobreza e conflitos políticos. De modo que as condições adversas desse meio excludente e seus implicadores acabaram por dar origem à uma cultura política de caráter marginal junto à população mais pobre. Passando pela análise de periódicos, documentos oficiais, da verificação das transformações urbanas de Buenos Aires, enxergamos na mobilização dos inquilinos, e no surgimento dos conventillos, o ponto de partida para uma percepção mais profunda daquele projeto de sociedade, que privilegiava, sobretudo, a manutenção de um status quo. Nosso referencial teórico abrange três eixos principais, que passam pelas teorias da marginalidade de Aníbal. Quijano, José. Nun e Lucio Kowarick, pela análise dos discursos políticos de J. G. A. Pocock, e chegando aos estudos culturais urbanos, de Angel Rama e Beatriz Sarlo. / This work analyzes the Huelga de Inquilinos of 1907 in Buenos Aires, an anarchist strike movement of great repercussion. Organized by residents of the conventillos (tenement houses), the movement demanded better housing conditions, besides the reduction of rents price. When we delve deeper into this context we realize that behind a glamourized varnish of rich and European city Buenos Aires hid a boiling face, full of poverty and political conflicts. Thus, the adverse conditions of this exclusionary medium and its implicators eventually gave rise to a marginal political culture among the poorer population. Going through the analysis of periodicals, official documents, the verification of the urban transformations of Buenos Aires, we see the mobilization of the tenants, and the emergence of the conventillos, the tip of an iceberg that allows us to have a deeper perception of that project of society, which privileged , Above all, the maintenance of a status quo. Our theoretical reference encompasses three main axes, which pass through the marginality theories of Anibal Quijano, José Nun and Lucio Kowarick, by the analysis of political discourses of J. G. A. Pocock, and arriving at the urban cultural studies, of Angel Rama and Beatriz Sarlo.

Trata da formação e desenvolvimento de Ribeirão Preto sob a perspectiva da organização fundiária pós-Lei de Terras e sua conexão com o desenvolvimento do mercado de terras urbanas. A pesquisa realizada em documentos primários do Arquivo do Fórum de Ribeirão Preto tem sua base em litígios que circunscrevem a propriedade de datas urbanas: nunciação de obra nova, força nova e outros embargos. No contexto inicial, a Fábrica da Matriz foi o eixo comum entre estruturação fundiária e processo de urbanização. Naquele momento os fabriqueiros tiveram participação relevante nas estratégias jurídicas de legalização das posses territoriais, contudo, foram excluídos do gerenciamento da concessão de datas no patrimônio religioso, conduzidas pela Câmara Municipal. Confusão de instâncias e competências amplamente discutidas em juízo que em meio à falta de clareza sobre procedimentos de aforamento, ausência de regras, concessões dúbias ou em duplicidade, no limite expressaram a má fé de fabriqueiros, foreiros e vereadores, atestando claramente uma única coisa, tais terrenos possuíam valor de mercado, caso contrário sua posse, propriedade, forma de concessão e titulação não estariam em litígio. O amadurecimento paulatino do mercado de terras urbanas segue paralelo à ampliação do aparelho judiciário e aos desdobramentos jurídicos das formas de titulação de domínio. A expansão imobiliária que acompanha a sentença judicial de 1856, que ratificou a doação de uma gleba ao santo padroeiro, excede no final do século XIX sua delimitação física e passa a integrar um conjunto de ações coordenadas que atravessam as cadeias de circulação de capital ligado à economia agroexportadora, entre esses a concessão de privilégios para exploração de serviços de melhorias e infraestrutura urbana. Trata-se de uma faceta de grande dinâmica de organização capitalista da economia que demandou o apoio em investigações complementares. O estudo dessas pesquisas associado aos dados que os litígios judiciais forneceram sobre o objeto nos levou a exceder a hipótese de que os terrenos do patrimônio da matriz eram dotados de valor comercial. A conclusão é que se trata de um quadro maior que a existência de um mercado imobiliário precoce configurado pela negociação paralela de terrenos encoberta pelas praxes de aforamento. Nesse grande quadro de processos que se articulam destacamos as inúmeras engrenagens componentes, desde a produção e transporte de gêneros de subsistência e abastecimento que gravitou em torno da Corte e de áreas mineradoras, do ciclo açucareiro e cafeeiro, das tecnologias ligadas ao vapor, das infraestruturas, da organização da circulação de moeda e títulos, da política de imigração, dos fazendeiros formadores de fazendas, do movimento pró-imigração, dos loteadores urbanos, dos empresários de serviços de infraestrutura e ainda as astúcias de sujeitos anônimos que agindo isoladamente tentam de várias formas tirar proveito dessa conjuntura. É em meio a essa dinâmica que se inscreve a forma e as direções do crescimento da cidade. Nessa lógica, a tese contribui para o debate sobre o processo de urbanização da cidade de Ribeirão Preto analisado sob a ótica das relações de posse, propriedade do solo e a pré-existência de condições para a constituição de um mercado de terras urbanas. / The thesis addresses Ribeirão Pretos formation and development under the perspective of the Land Act of 1850 (Lei de Terras) that bonds ownership juridical organization process and the increase of an urban land market. The investigation, sustained in primary sources from The City of Ribeirão Preto Judicial Archives (Arquivo do Fórum de Ribeirão Preto), is based in disputes that comprehend urban property embargoes known as: Nunciação de Obra Nova and Força Nova. At first, the parochial church fabric (trusteeism) was the common axis amidst land regulation and urbanization process. At that moment churchwardens had relevant stake in strategies to legalize territorial possessions, however, were excluded from the religious grounds management taken hold by the City Council. Confusion of instances and jurisdiction widely discussed in court those amongst the lack of clarity on the aforamento procedures, the absence of rules, dubious and duplicate concessions, at the end clearly expressed the bad-faith of lay administrators, lessees and councilors, stating clearly a sole thing such land had market value, otherwise its possession, estate, modes of concession and title deed would not be in query. The gradual maturation of the urban land market runs parallel to the expansion of the judiciary branch and the legal deployment of property entitlement. The real estate expansion that begun after 1856s court judgment, which granted a glebe to the patron saint, by the end of the nineteenth century exceeded its physical boundaries and became part of a set of coordinated actions that traversed the chains of capital circulation linked to agro-export economy, among these the granting of urban services of infrastructure operating privileges. This facet shows a broader capitalist dynamic of the economy that demanded investigation support. The study of these support surveys associated with data provided by the judicial proceedings led us to surpass our initial hypothesis, that the parochial fabric grounds had commercial value traded in a parallel market disguised by the aforamento formalities. The conclusion is that there is more than the premature existence of a real estate market. In the wider picture of articulated progressions we feature the numerous gear components; from the production and transportation of genres of subsistence and supplies that gravitated around the Royal Court and mining areas to the sugar and coffee cycles, around technologies related to steam machinery, transportation infrastructure, economic organization for the circulation of money and bonds, across \"farmers\" specialized in growing farms, through the pro-immigration plans and policies, to the urban land, infrastructure and services entrepreneurs alongside anonymous individuals that acted in various forms to take advantage of this situation. The growth directions and shape of the city is tailored within this dynamic. In this sense, the thesis contributes to the debate on the early urbanization of the city of Ribeirão Preto analyzed analyzed from the perspective of the relations of ownership, land property and pre-existing conditions for the establishment of an urban land real estate market.

Aborda a difusão da arquitetura moderna no Brasil, ao tratar desse processo na cidade de João Pessoa entre 1956 e 1974, por se revelar aí um período de intensa produção moderna apesar de seu limitado quadro de arquitetos. Objetiva explicar, a partir do vínculo entre arquitetura e cidade, quais foram os agentes promotores dessa arquitetura, como ela se manifestou no espaço urbano e como era então representada. Para isso se baseia em entrevistas com os arquitetos então atuantes e análises de projetos, obras construídas, artigos e publicidades de periódicos da época, ao enfocar edifícios públicos e privados e intervenções urbanísticas. Constata a diversidade de linguagens manifestadas, apesar da constante atenção à simplicidade e à economia construtiva, e a centralização em valores nãolocais, como também foi representada pela imprensa. / Diffusion of modern architecture in Brazil is accosted while this process is dealing with João Pessoa city between 1956 and 1974, because a period of intense modern production was revealed there in spite of its limited local architect\'s group. To explain, based on relation between architecture and city, what were the agents which promoted this architecture, how it was demonstrated itself in the urban space and how it was represented then are intended. The study is based in interviews with architects who were in activity at that moment and analyses of projects, constructions, articles and publicities of magazines and newspapers from that time while public and private buildings and urbanistic interventions are approaching. The diversity of languages manifested in spite of constant attention to simplicity and economy of construction and the focus on no-locals values, like it was also represented by press, are perceived.

A presente pesquisa pretende demonstrar a análise dos crimes de agressão na cidade de São Paulo entre os anos de 1890 e 1920 a partir da perspectiva de uso do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG). Para tanto, foram utilizadas como fontes os autos-crime de agressão do Arquivo do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo, especializando as agressões e estabelecendo análises cruzadas a partir da construção de um banco de dados. Nesse período, a cidade de São Paulo passava por intensas transformações físicas aliadas ao grande crescimento populacional provocado pela política de imigração do final do século XIX e início do século XX. A partir da análise dos diversos elementos trazidos pelos autos-crime, podemos perceber através da espacialização as dinâmicas sociais e urbanas dentro do espaço físico da cidade. O uso das geotecnologias permitem apresentar a outros pesquisadores as possibilidades de análise de uma fonte histórica tradicional aliando tempo e espaço na construção de mapas temáticos acerca das fontes primárias trabalhadas / This research aims to demonstrate the analysis of crimes of aggression in the city of São Paulo between 1890 and 1920 from the perspective of the Geographic Information System (GIS). For this purpose, the process of aggression of the file of The Court of Justice of São Paulo were used as sources, specializing aggressions and establishing cross-analysis from the construction of a database. During this period, the city of São Paulo was undergoing intense physical changes coupled with the high population growth caused by immigration politic of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. From the analysis of the various elements brought by self-murder, we can realize the social and urban dynamics within the physical space of the city through the spatialization. The use of geotechnologies allow to present for other researchers the possibilities of analysis of a traditional historical source by combining time and space in the construction of thematic maps about the primary sources worked

Cidades novas da fronteira do café: história e morfologia urbana das cidades fundadas por companhias imobiliárias no norte do Paraná. A presente tese concentra-se em desvendar a face urbana do universo pioneiro da fronteira do café no norte do Paraná. Especificamente, analisa o processo de formação histórica e a configuração formal de 96 cidades novas fundadas por 41 companhias imobiliárias entre 1923 e 1966. Através de uma abordagem interdisciplinar, procura evidenciar esta ímpar rede urbana considerando a dinâmica histórica que a gerou. A principal contribuição atém-se ao estudo da forma urbana dessas concepções. Sustenta-se uma reinterpretação demonstrativa de que em razão das características de sua gênese e do generalizado cuidado com específicos elementos morfológicos em somatória à observação zelosa das condicionantes do sítio singularizam-se dentro do cenário nacional e internacional desse movimento de reconfiguração territorial, ainda que compartilhem com premissas de desenho e preocupações comerciais universalmente consideradas. Para tanto, reuniu-se um conjunto inédito de fontes primárias que revelam o instante fundador dos núcleos urbanos e das empresas imobiliárias. Registra, dessa forma, o ímpeto do incipiente processo de urbanização na fronteira no norte do Paraná. / Coffee frontier new towns: urban history and morphology of towns settled by real State companies in northern Paraná State. This Thesis is about the urban face of pioneer universe of coffee frontier in northern Paraná State in Brazil. Specifically, it analyses the historical formation process and the formal configuration of 96 new towns settled by 41 real Estate companies between 1923 and 1966. Through an interdisciplinary approach it attempts to put in evidence this unique urban net considering the historical dynamic that generated it. The main contribution is the urban form study of these conceptions. It sustains a demonstrative reinterpretation of which on account of the characteristics of their origin and of the generalized care with specific morphological elements as well the zealous observation of the site restrictions they are singled out inside the national and international scenery of this movement of territorial reconfiguration, though they share with premises of drawing and commercial preoccupations universally respected. For so much, there was joined an unpublished set of primary sources that reveal the founding instant of these towns and companies. So it registers the impulse of the incipient process of urbanization in the north of Paraná State frontier.

Este trabalho pretende aclarar a participação de engenheiros e artífices alemães, na construção da cidade de São Paulo, entre 1820 e 1860. Para tanto, foram utilizados documentos referentes à imigração e obras públicas, como fontes principais da pesquisa. A imigração de povos germânicos para São Paulo teve três momentos importantes, até meados do século XIX. A primeira entrada de imigrantes alemães ocorreu em 1828 e foi subsidiada pelo governo imperial. Tinha por objetivo colonizar o interior, próximo à capital. A imigração de 1838, organizada por João Bloem e financiada pelo governo provincial, tinha o intuito de trazer artífices para construção de estradas e para trabalhar na siderúrgica de Ipanema, em Araçoiaba da Serra. Naquela ocasião, pretendeu-se montar uma companhia de operários, com esses profissionais. A terceira fase do processo imigratório de povos germânicos se deu na década de 1850, quando o governo provincial auxiliou financeiramente a Casa Vergueiro, para angariar agricultores, para as fazendas do interior do estado, e artífices, para montar a segunda companhia de operários da construção civil da província. Esses profissionais foram protagonistas da construção da cidade de São Paulo, na década de 1850, período em que se investiu consideravelmente em reformas urbanas na capital. Em termos quantitativos, é expressivo o número de alemães que atuaram na década de 1850 em São Paulo, no ramo da construção civil, trazendo melhoramentos urbanos importantes. O que de relevante foi feito nesse período, tanto no âmbito da infraestrutura urbana, como em arquitetura ou projeto, teve participação fundamental desse grupo de imigrantes. Podemos afirmar que engenheiros e artífices alemães atuaram em todos os setores da construção civil, em São Paulo, elaborando mapas da cidade, projetando edifícios públicos, propondo novas soluções para o abastecimento de água, construindo pontes, ou simplesmente trabalhando como artífices tecnicamente bem preparados. / This work intends to elucidate the participation of the German engineers and artificers in the edification of the city of São Paulo since 1820 to 1860. The main sources of the research were documents relating to immigration and public works. The immigration of the German people to São Paulo had three important moments, until the middle of the XIX century. The first German immigrants entrance happened in 1828 and was subsidized by the imperial government. It had the intent of colonizing the country - side close to the capital. The immigration of 1838, organized by João Bloem and supported by the provincial government had the purpose of bringing artificers for the construction of roads and to work in Ipanema siderurgy in Araçoiaba da Serra. At the time there was a plan of organizing a company of workers with these professionals. The third phase of the immigratory process of the German people happened in the decade of 1850, when the provincial government helped financially the Vergueiro House to recruit agricultural workers for the farms in the country - side of the state and artificers to organize the second company of civil architecture workers of the province. These professionals were the protagonists of the edification of the city of São Paulo in the decade of 1850, a time of great investments in urban reformation in the capital. In quantitative terms it is expressive the number of German workers who actuated in the decade of 1850 in São Paulo in the branch of civil architecture bringing important urban improvements. The participation of this group of immigrants in urban substructure, architecture and project in this period was considerable. We can asseverate that German engineers and artificers acted in all branches of civil architecture in São Paulo, elaborating maps of the city, projecting public buildings, presenting new solutions for the water provision, building bridges, or just working as artificers technically well prepared.

Au cours du XIVe siècle, Edouard III a émis plusieurs lettres de protection aux drapiers flamands pour qu’ils puissent s’installer en Angleterre et y poursuivre leur activité artisanale. Dans les siècles qui ont suivi, la contribution de ces immigrants au développement de l’industrie textile en Angleterre a engendré un vif débat entre les historiens. En effet, cette migration flamande a été étudiée jusqu’à présent seulement à travers le spectre de sa contribution économique et non sous l’angle de la vie quotidienne des immigrants. Afin de combler cette lacune, cette étude a pour objectif de présenter un état de la question sur les problèmes d’intégration qu’un groupe d’immigrants, qui a été forcé de fuir son propre pays, a pu rencontrer au XIVe siècle à travers les microcosmes des villes de Londres, de Colchester et de Great Yarmouth. / Throughout the fourteenth century, Edward III issued several letters of protection encouraging Flemish textile workers to establish their trade in England. In the centuries that followed, the newcomers' contribution to the development of the English drapery has triggered off a hot debate. Indeed, until now, this migration has been studied only through its economic aspects, and no attention has been paid to the daily life of the migrants. This study purports to fill a critical gap as it expounds the difficult integration process of a migrant community, which was forced to leave its own country, and focuses on the microcosm of London, Colchester and Great Yarmouth in the fourteenth century.

This thesis surveys the sounds of everyday street and work life to argue for a reassessment of the way historians have understood community, space, materiality and identity in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century Germany and Britain. It will demonstrate that sound played an important role in the organisation of urban space and social order. Furthermore it will show how the historical subject as listener emphasises the volatility of identity, place-making and community. Sounds either defined a community through positive responses or created conflict where one group heard the sounds of another group as noise. Sound helps to define the social groups that this thesis focuses on, such as experts, intellectuals, local administrators, immigrants or factory labourers. The ephemeral nature of sound and the subjectivity of listening, however, also pull apart such neat definitions and reveal the fractures within each of these social groups. Throughout this thesis, differing reactions to everyday sounds in the conurbations of Manchester and Düsseldorf will demonstrate how communities sought to define themselves and their environments through the production and reception of sound. What emerges is a re-composition of everyday life in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth century that challenges examinations of it based on images of class, sociability and culture. Düsseldorf and Manchester were substantial cities that grew during the period studied here and underwent similar processes of technological change that affected both the social order and the physical environment. This thesis demonstrates that the audibility of specific technologies, buildings and machines physically affected listeners, and that working classes, middle-class professionals and local administrators all created regimes of noise intent on controlling behaviour in streets and workplaces. One of the key tropes within studies of sound is that listening places the historical subject at the centre of their environment while seeing places them outside of it. Using this idea, this thesis will make an original contribution to a number of debates. First of all, sounds broke down visual boundaries between street and workplace and this dissertation examines how that changes historical notions of place and space. Secondly, this thesis establishes how sound exposes the lines of fracture and cohesion within and between social groups that historians of popular street culture have tried to emphasise through class relations. Thirdly, sound allows for a re-examination of the power structures in which factory labourers and immigrants worked and lived as it presents practices of listening and sound production that breathe new life into ‘histories from below’ and challenge the top-down approaches associated with governmentality. Finally, this thesis will challenge the notion of noise as unwanted sound, prevalent in the growing number of histories on urban noise by demonstrating the diversity of everyday and medical reactions to ‘noise’ and exploring the problem of ‘silence’ in negotiations of migrant and worker identity and the development of road technologies. Overall, this thesis will determine that the role of sound in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth-century complicates historical debates on the physical and social organisation of urban space. Different communities transformed their identities around shared listening practices and adapted their rhythms of everyday life to sounds that resonated between street and home, work and leisure.

To reveal the theories and practices that linked education to the development within the cities of Boston and Buenos Aires, and in turn to the development of US and Argentina nationalism, “Cosmopolitan Imperialism” centers on two education reformers, Horace Mann (1776-1859) and Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (1811-1888). Mann and Sarmiento formed part of a supra-national community where liberal intellectual elites created a republic of letters, or perhaps better said, a republic of schools. As different versions of education branched out from a common Atlantic origin during the nineteenth century, Mann and Sarmiento searched for those ideas that better fit their national projects, a local project that started in the cities and moved to the interior parts of the country. In Boston and Buenos Aires, modern nationalism intertwined with imperial projects. This dissertation thus analyzes nationalism and reform in the nineteenth-century as an imperial project led by cosmopolitan intellectual elites. While we might expect to find Mann and Sarmiento’s ideas on education to be centered on their national experiences, looking to Europe for inspiration, this dissertation shows that it was quite the opposite. Educational ideas developed within an interconnected network and traveled within the North-South axis connecting Boston with Buenos Aires. This framework moves the focus from the interchange of ideas between America and Europe and places it within the American continent. At the same time, it allows us to consider Latin American and the US as both creators and recipients of educational ideas. There is a traditional way of talking about nationalism and reform in the nineteenth-century, especially in terms of education and educational policies. It is common to imagine that in the US, and even more certainly in Latin America, educated elites looked to the so-called West for inspiration. The argument is that they ended up adapting foreign models to their local and internal contexts. This dissertation challenges that idea and shows that different versions of education developed from a shared Atlantic milieu in which reformers in certain cities saw themselves as part of the same cosmopolitan empires.