Cities are facing many challenges; challenges linked to world-wide trends like urbanisation, climate changes and globalisation. In parallel to these trends, we have seen a rapid digitalisation in and of different parts of society. Cities and local governments have been appointed an important role in overcoming these world-wide challenges, and subsequently, in policy practices digitalisation is perceived as an important dimension in delivering better and sustainable services to its citizens. As a result, the smart city has emerged as a concept and approach to contemporary urban planning and development. There is still no common understanding of the concept and what components and dimensions it covers. However, in all definitions digitalisation constitutes one dimension, but the role and function of it is still not clear. In this study I have examined how different stakeholders talk about digitalisation in policy and planning practices of urban development. The aim has been to identify and analyse different repertoires of discourses on digitalisation to advance our knowledge on how goals related to the smart city and digitalisation are put into practice. The results are based on a qualitative and interpretative case study with a social constructionist approach. An analytical framework based on discourse analysis, stakeholder theory and (new) institutional theory has been constructed to analyse the case. Main results show that repertoires on digitalisation are limited in both policy and planning of urban development. In these practices, digitalisation is primarily seen as a means or as a communication infrastructure in relation to two city services/functions; i.e. services related to governance and to environment. Results also show that practices of urban planning and development are institutionalised, where different stakeholders’ salience and stakes in urban development and in digitalisation differ, but it is clear that digitalisation is a secondary issue. Implications of these results are that the taken-for-granted discourses in policy and planning practices of urban development limit both practice and research when developing a smart city. / Städer står inför många utmaningar kopplat till världsomspännande trender såsom urbanisering, klimatförändringar, och globalisering. Parallellt med dessa trender har vi sett en snabb digitalisering i och av olika delar av samhället. I detta sammanhang har städer och kommuner blivit tilldelade en viktig roll i hanteringen av dessa utmaningar. På policynivå ses digitalisering som en viktig dimension för att leverera hållbar och bättre service till medborgarna. Som ett led i detta har smarta städer vuxit fram som både begrepp och metod för stadsplanering och stadsutveckling. Det finns dock ingen gemensam tolkning av begreppet. Däremot finns digitalisering med som en dimension i definitionerna, men vilken roll och funktion den har är fortfarande oklart. I denna studie har jag undersökt hur olika intressenter talar om digitalisering i olika policy- och planeringspraktiker kopplat till stadsutveckling. Syftet har varit att identifiera och analysera repertoarer av digitaliseringsdiskurser för att bidra med kunskap om hur mål kopplade till smarta städer och digitalisering omsätts i praktiken. Resultaten är baserade på en kvalitativ och tolkande fallstudie med en socialkonstruktionistisk ansats. Ett analytiskt ramverk baserat på diskursanalys, intressentanalys, och nyinstitutionell teori har tagits fram för att analysera fallet. Resultaten visar att digitaliseringsrepertoarer är begränsade både i policy och i planering av stadsutveckling. I dessa praktiker ses digitalisering främst som ett verktyg eller en kommunikationsinfrastruktur i relation till två samhällsfunktioner, nämligen funktioner kopplade till styrning och administration, och funktioner kopplade till miljö. Resultaten visar också att praktiker kopplade till stadsplanering och stadsutveckling är institutionaliserade, praktiker där olika intressenter har olika makt, legitimitet och angelägenhet gällande stadsutveckling och digitalisering. Det är dock tydligt att digitalisering är en sekundär fråga. Implikationerna av dessa resultat är att de förgivettagna diskurserna begränsar både praktiken och forskningen i utvecklingen av smart städer.

Cette thèse étudie les évolutions de pratiques et de savoirs au sein des services de la Ville de Paris, en entrant par un grand projet d’espaces publics parisien : « Réinventons nos places ». En s’appuyant plus particulièrement sur trois réaménagements de places publiques (Place des Fêtes, Place de la Nation et Place de la Bastille), elle a souhaité observer des situations de travail au sein de ce projet. Elle vise ainsi à analyser l’adaptation des professionnels à divers défis posés par la Mairie de Paris dans ce cadre (intégration du genre dans un projet d’espace public, objets numériques, nouvelles temporalités dans les processus de projet et de gestion des espaces...). L’étude de cette adaptation des services « en situation de travail » conduit à décrire, pour partie, des processus de productions de connaissances théoriques et/ou pratiques dans un contexte situé. In fine, la Mairie de Paris à travers des modifications apportées progressivement au travail, aux schémas d’acteurs et aux objectifs du projet, semble vouloir construire un «nouveau modèle» d’aménagement des espaces publics. Nous étudions une première étape de cette construction, au cours de laquelle les ingénieurs et les architectes de la Ville s’adaptent et participent à travers, notamment, la construction et la traduction de ces objets encore inconnus à un territoire spécifique et à un contexte qu’ils connaissent : les espaces publics à Paris. / The aim of this thesis is to observe the evolution of the specific knowledge and practices of the City of Paris’ technical services and this, through the example of an ambitious Parisian urban development project called “Réinventons nos places”. The study focuses on the professional activities performed in the development of three public squares (Place des Fêtes, Place de la Nation, and Place de la Bastille), with the purpose to see how the specialists adapted themselves to the various challenges offered by the City council (for instance, to take into account : the Gender in the development of a public space, digital objects, innovation in project management and in the way of managing space)... To examine this process “in a work situation” will lead us, for example, to describe the way these specialists will assimilate new knowledge and know-how in this particular context. Ultimately, the City Council, when progressively adapting the work and the work organization of the various actors, as well as the project goawls themselves, seems to be aiming at the creation of a “new model”, a new way of developing public spaces. We are going to examine the first step within this new way, in which engineers and architects have to reconsider their habits in order to meet new demands – they do this, notably, by making still unknown objects and by fitting them into both a specific area and a background they know well : Paris’ public spaces

The issue of indiscriminate urban expansion is not uncommon in Africa. It has created haphazard, unplanned, and unapproved development that negatively affected urban planning for cities in the Niger Delta Region in Nigeria. Using Stone's urban regime theory, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore from the perspective of developers, associations, and government agencies (referred to as stakeholders), the roots causes of indiscriminate urban development and their activities in the process in the Niger Delta Region. Data were collected through semi structured telephone interviews with 10 participants who had at least 5 years experience working in public and private organizations in the urban setting. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's procedure for thematic analysis. Findings included six themes of limited knowledge, passive role, recognition of experiencing the problem, contributing to the problem, weakness of regulatory framework, and lack of synergy in the process. The principal theme was limited knowledge of the roles and obligations of participants which impede participation in the planning process. The recommendations, if implemented, may result in positive changes and bring many benefits to city residents such as better housing and traffic systems, adequate sanitation and improved access to public services. To do so, government agencies in the urban sector should engage the stakeholders to create synergy. Following these recommendations may help resolve the issue of indiscriminate urban expansion, promote effective planning and management, and ensure good governance and sustainable development in the urban setting.

In recent years, an array of political, environmental, and health activists have brought to light the previously overlooked structural inequalities that plague many urban cities and their underserved populations. With a growing population and an increased dichotomy between social classes in the United States, urbanization may be inevitable. However, how urban planners and public agencies choose to build and design these areas is malleable. Provision of safe and equitable living conditions by these individuals is an obligation of utmost importance, and as such, this thesis aims to both provide insight as to how the built environment, development patterns, and land use play a significant role in in morbidity and mortality in urban communities across the nation and world, as well as assist in bridging the divide between disciplines of urban health and urban planning as we look towards creating healthier, greener, more equitable cities. The built environment and health can and should be discussed in the same breath during urban planning and development, and thus, the preservation, presence, and development of urban green space should be prioritized during processes of urbanization, with active engagement and empowerment from the communities in which we seek to build. The existing inverse association between increased urbanization and community health necessitates an induction of change and a call for action from urban planners, city and state officials, health scientists, environmental conservationists, and communities as a whole. / Urban Bioethics

La finalité de notre thèse est d'interroger la relation entre la planification urbaine et le développement durable en regard des politiques publiques urbaines de développement et plus particulièrement du management territorial. Dans notre conception de la démarche, nous mettons l'accent sur les différentes dynamiques (déplacements et mobilité) et mutations morphologiques et structurelles (occupations du sol) à l'échelle de l'agglomération afin de singulariser la décision publique en matière du développement urbain durable. Nos choix se sont inscrits volontairement dans une logique transdisciplinaire qui s'est révélée particulièrement adaptée à nos différents recours théoriques, méthodologiques et empiriques.Traitant le contexte tunisien en pleine transition, ce travail propose un modèle de décision publique hybride permettant de déterminer les traits d'une planification urbaine adaptée aux différents contextes actuels et aux exigences de la durabilité. Le recours à la fois aux techniques de la prospective, aux modèles intégrés de déplacements et d'occupation du sol, à la simulation et aux techniques d'analyse multicritère nous a permis une construction intégrée et itérative de plusieurs niveaux d'évaluation partielle et d'un niveau d'évaluation globale. Le modèle conçu et testé pour la ville de Sousse permettra aux décideurs publics de disposer d'une grille synthétique d'informations issues d'une prise en compte aussi complète que possible de la réalité urbaine. Il offre différents niveaux d'évaluation thématique et un niveau global intégrant l'ensemble. La démarche pourra servir de référent à d'autres villes tunisiennes et aura par conséquent un impact réel sur la qualité de leur développement. / The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between urban planning and sustainable development in relation to urban development policy and in particular the territorial management. In our design approach, we focus on the different dynamics (travel and mobility) moreover, morphological and structural changes (land uses) on the scale of the urban area in order to single public decision in urban development long lasting. Our choices were enrolled voluntarily in a trans-disciplinary logic has proved to be particularly suited to our different theoretical, methodological and empirical appeal.Treat the Tunisian context in transition; this research proposes a hybrid public decision model to determine the features of an adapted urban planning to different contexts and current requirements of sustainability. Using both foresight technics, integrated land use-transportation models, simulation and multi-criteria analysis technics allowed us an integrated and iterative construction of several levels of partial evaluation and a level of overall evaluation. The model designed and tested for the town of Sousse will allow policy makers to have a synthetic grid information from a decision as complete as possible account of urban reality. It offers different levels of thematic evaluation and a global level integrating all. The approach can be used as reference to other Tunisian cities and will therefore have a real impact on the quality of their development.

This work is based on the article by Jan Keller (2000) - Praise of Gardeners, in which Jan Keller mentioned garden allotments as places distatnt to globalized economy and consumerist lifestyle of today's world. The aim is to verify if the content of this article corresponds to the true situation in the selected garden allotments in Prague. This work can help to get an idea of the benefits of the garden allotments not only for gardeners but for all inhabitants of the capital. For this purpose, I conducted a field research accompanied by a number of interviews in the garden allotments. Technomat and Cibulka in Prague. I have gained a lot of informations about life in the garden allotments as well as about the relationship of the respondents to their own gardens. I watched whether and to what extend is the life in the garden allotments influenced by the economic, ecological, social and propert-legal aspects. Research shows that gardeners actually live a non-consumerist way of life and partly resisting market mechanism, but only inside of the garden allotments, not outside. Their environmental friendly behavior is due to external factors rather than internal as personal beliefs. The garden allotments do not have such important role in social terms as it may seem at the first sight, but on the other...

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-03-13T11:41:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDO HENRIQUE SILVA RIBEIRO.pdf: 5154598 bytes, checksum: 867c7a891e599c9bd9e1381c69482488 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-13T11:41:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDO HENRIQUE SILVA RIBEIRO.pdf: 5154598 bytes, checksum: 867c7a891e599c9bd9e1381c69482488 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas ? PUC Campinas / This study has evaluated the condition of the urban mobility in the city of Campinas, Paulo, Brazit. through the application of the tool Index of Sustainable Urban Mobi!?ty (I_SUM), enabling the identification of criticai indicators of urban mobility that should be prioritized by the public administration. Throughout the development of the study, the results of the application of the tool were cornplemented with the analysis of the urban expansion pattern to verify its influence on the city's travei behaviour in order to establ?sh a correlation between expansion and urban mobility. The definition of the urban mobility scenario for Campinas allowed to determine how the guidelines establ?shed until then influenced rnobitity, as well as to enable the identification of criticai indicators that more broadly address the guidelines regarding mobllity, complementing the guidelines defined by the public administration. It was to identify, in Campinas, an evident dependence on the use of cars, as a result of the settlement pattern, which requires the car for travelinq, since there is no prioritization of collective transportation, in addition to the incentive to acquire cars. The cross-checking of the data showed the dose relationship that urban planning and transportation system planning should have in order to harmonize the relationship between settlement patterns and travei behaviour, highlighting the role of prioritization of collective medes and non-rnotorized medes, in order to democratize access to urban space. / O estudo avaliou a condi??o da mobilidade urbana em Campinas atrav?s da aplica??o da ferramenta IMUS (?ndice de Mobilidade Urbana Sustent?vel), possibilitando a identifica??o dos indicadores cr?ticos da mobilidade urbana que devem ser priorizados pela administra??o p?blica. Ao longo do desenvolvimento do trabalho. os resultados da aplica??o da ferramenta foram complementados com a an?lise do padr?o de expans?o urbana de Campinas para verificar sua influ?ncia no padr?o de deslocamento da cidade, a fim de estabelecer uma correla??o entre expans?o e mobilidade urbana. A defini??o do panorama de mobilidade urbana para Campinas permitiu determinar como as diretrizes at? ent?o estabelecidas influenciaram na mobilidade, al?m de possibilitar a identifica??o de indicadores cr?ticos, que abordam de forma mais ampla as diretrizes em rela??o a mobilidade, complementando as diretrizes definidas pela administra??o p?blica. Foi poss?vel identificar, em Campinas, uma evidente depend?ncia do uso do autom?vel, tanto em decorr?ncia do padr?o de ocupa??o, que exige o autom?vel para deslocamentos, uma vez que n?o existe uma prioriza??o do transporte coletivo. tanto pelos incentivos para aquisi??o do autom?vel. O cruzamento dos dados permitiu evidenciar a estreita rela??o que o planejamento urbano e o planejamento do sistema de transporte devem ter para harmonizar a rela??o entre os padr?es de assentamento e os padr?es de deslocamento, democratizando o acesso ao espa?o urbano.