In recent years, the Internet has made many changes to different aspects of individuals’ professional and personal lives. It is used in different professions for various reasons such as improving communication, increasing efficiency and access to more resources and opportunities. Furthermore, improved conditions at work can help increase employee’s job satisfaction and the positive feeling toward their job. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of Internet use on Job satisfaction for teachers and the potential moderating effects of gender and age on this relationship. To conduct this study, a sample including 71 teachers was used and a survey was used to collect the information from the teachers. Two regression analyses were carried out and three hypotheses were tested. The results from these analyses did not support the idea of an effect of Internet use on teachers’ job satisfaction or moderating effects of age and gender on the relationship. However, there was some evidence that teachers in the sample viewed the Internet as positive for their job. It should be mentioned that the conclusions are limited by methodological problems such as questionnaire design and sampling.

Les exceptions au droit d’auteur sont une série de situations où il est retranché aux droits exclusifs de l’auteur, alors même que leur définition devrait conduire ceux-ci à s’appliquer. Les exceptions révèlent la philosophie d’un système de droit d’auteur ou de copyright. Le droit d’auteur français prévoit un ensemble fermé d’exceptions spécifiques, énumérées de façon expresse et exhaustive par la loi. Elles sont d’interprétation stricte par le juge. La présente thèse s’intéresse à ce système français d’exceptions, à ses imperfections et s’attache à rechercher de potentiels axes d’amélioration. Alors que la copie privée concentre souvent l’attention des commentateurs, il semble utile de s’intéresser à l’autre versant des exceptions, les exceptions à usage public qui, parce qu’elles réalisent la communication de l’œuvre au public, portent une atteinte assez directe au monopole. Le législateur français est appelé, lorsqu’il entend créer une exception, à exercer une « balance des intérêts » assez peu étudiée par la doctrine française. La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à cette balance des intérêts législative, et à l’écart entre ce qu’elle devrait être, idéalement, et ce que les derniers travaux législatifs laissent paraître de sa réalité. Le second temps de l’étude se concentre sur la mise en œuvre des exceptions. Leur application classique, d’abord, qui fait appel à la fonction d’interprétation des textes par le juge dans ce qu’elle a de plus traditionnel. Mais également, ensuite, une nouvelle forme de mise en œuvre, qui a fait irruption sous l’ère numérique : la régulation des exceptions. Ce phénomène englobe la garantie des exceptions contre les mesures techniques de protection, ainsi que l’application du « test des trois étapes » par le juge. / Exceptions to copyright (or author’s right) are a set of situations which cut off into the exclusive rights of the author, whereas their definition should lead these to apply. Exceptions reveal the philosophy of a system of author’s right or copyright. French “droit d’auteur” provides for a closed set of purpose-specific exceptions, expressly and exhaustively listed in the law. They are construed strictly by the judge. The present thesis studies this French system of exceptions, its imperfections and looks for potential areas of improvement. While private copying usually concentrates the observers’ attention and comments, it seems useful to insist upon the other side of exceptions, the exceptions for public use, which, since they carry out the communication of the work to the public, encroach quite directly the authors’ privilege. When he envisions to create an exception, the French legislator is expected to exercise a “balance of interests” rarely studied by French doctrine. The first part of this thesis is devoted to this legislative balance of interests, and to the gap existing between what it should ideally be, and what the latest legislative works let appear of its reality. The second part of the study focuses on the implementation of exceptions. Firstly, their classical application, which conveys the function of texts interpretation by the judge in its most traditional features. Secondly, a new form of implementation, which appeared with the digital world: the regulation of exceptions. This phenomenon encompasses the safeguard of exceptions against protection of technological measures, as well as the application of the “three-step-test” by the judge.

From 1914 to 1940 Russia lived through a series of traumatic events: World War I, the Bolshevik revolution, the Civil War, famine, and the Bolshevik and subsequently Stalinist terror. These events precipitated and facilitated a complete breakdown of the status quo associated with the tsarist regime and led to the emergence and eventual pervasive presence of a culture of violence propagated by the Bolshevik regime. This dissertation explores how the ongoing exposure to trauma impaired ordinary perception and everyday language use, which, in turn, informed literary language use in the writings of Viktor Shklovsky, the prominent Formalist theoretician, and of the avant-garde writer, Daniil Kharms. While trauma studies usually focus on the reconstructive and redeeming features of trauma narratives, I invite readers to explore the structural features of literary language and how these features parallel mechanisms of cognitive processing, established by medical research, that take place in the mind affected by traumatic encounters. Central to my analysis are Shklovsky's memoir A Sentimental Journey and his early articles on the theory of prose "Art as Device" and "The Relationship between Devices of Plot Construction and General Devices of Style" and Daniil Karms's theoretical writings on the concepts of "nothingness," "circle," and "zero," and his prose work written in the 1930s. My analysis probes into various modes in which trauma can present itself in a text, in forms other than semantic content, and points to what distinguishes a modernist text from one written under the impairing conditions of trauma, despite their structural similarities.

No description available.

Thesis introduces current research trends in clickstream analysis and proposes a new heuristic that could be used for dimensionality reduction of semantically enriched data in Web Usage Mining (WUM). Click-fraud and conversion fraud are identified as key prospective application areas for WUM. Thesis documents a conversion fraud vulnerability of Google Analytics and proposes defense - a new clickstream acquisition software, which collects data in sufficient granularity and structure to allow for data mining approaches to fraud detection. Three variants of K-means clustering algorithms and three association rule data mining systems are evaluated and compared on real-world web usage data.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as relações entre estilos parentais percebidos e uso de drogas por adolescentes, além de testar o poder preditivo dos estilos parentais para o consumo dessas substâncias psicoativas. Para tanto, aplicou-se um inventário sobre o uso de drogas e uma escala de estilos parentais em 649 estudantes de escolas públicas e particulares, 55% eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 14,9 anos (DP=1,6). Constatou-se maior frequência de usuários de drogas entre os participantes do ensino fundamental, os de escolas públicas e os com percepção de estilo parental negligente. As variáveis idade, tipo de escola, exigência e responsividade parental compuseram um modelo preditivo para o consumo de drogas. Os resultados indicaram a importância do estilo autoritativo para a prevenção e do negligente para o risco do uso de drogas. / The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between perceived parenting styles and drug use by adolescents, in addition to test the predictive power of parenting styles for the consumption of psychoactive substances. The instruments used were an inventory about the use of drugs and the Brazilian adaptation of a parenting styles scale. The participants were 649 students from public and private schools, 55% were female with a mean age of 14.9 years (SD=1.6). The results showed a higher frequency of drug users among students of elementary and public schools, and among those who presented a perception of negligent parenting style. The variables age, type of school, demandingness and responsiveness composed a predictive model for drug use. The results pointed out the importance of the authoritative style for prevention and the negligent style as a risk factor for drug use.

Chan, Kam Tong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [101]-113). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Major Topic --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Opinion Mining --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Human Computation --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Major Work and Contributions --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Thesis Outline --- p.4 / Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Opinion Mining --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Feature Extraction --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Sentiment Analysis --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Social Computing --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Social Bookmarking --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Social Games --- p.18 / Chapter 3 --- Feature-Opinion Association for Sentiment Analysis --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1 --- Motivation --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2 --- Problem Definition --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Definitions --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3 --- Closer look at the problem --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Discussion --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4 --- Proposed Approach --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Nearest Opinion Word (DIST) --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Co-Occurrence Frequency (COF) --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Co-Occurrence Ratio (COR) --- p.32 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Likelihood-Ratio Test (LHR) --- p.32 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Combined Method --- p.34 / Chapter 3.4.6 --- Feature-Opinion Association Algorithm --- p.35 / Chapter 3.4.7 --- Sentiment Lexicon Expansion --- p.36 / Chapter 3.5 --- Evaluation --- p.37 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Corpus Data Set --- p.37 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Test Data set --- p.37 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Feature-Opinion Association Accuracy --- p.38 / Chapter 3.6 --- Summary --- p.45 / Chapter 4 --- Social Game for Opinion Mining --- p.46 / Chapter 4.1 --- Motivation --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2 --- Social Game Model --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Definitions --- p.48 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Social Game Problem --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Social Game Flow --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Answer Extraction Procedure --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3 --- Social Game Properties --- p.53 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Type of Information --- p.53 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Game Structure --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Verification Method --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Game Mechanism --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Player Requirement --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4 --- Design Guideline --- p.63 / Chapter 4.5 --- Opinion Mining Game Design --- p.65 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- OpinionMatch --- p.65 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- FeatureGuess --- p.68 / Chapter 4.6 --- Summary --- p.71 / Chapter 5 --- Tag Sentiment Analysis for Social Bookmark Recommendation System --- p.72 / Chapter 5.1 --- Motivation --- p.72 / Chapter 5.2 --- Problem Statement --- p.74 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Social Bookmarking Model --- p.74 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Social Bookmark Recommendation (SBR) Problem --- p.75 / Chapter 5.3 --- Proposed Approach --- p.75 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Social Bookmark Recommendation Framework --- p.75 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Subjective Tag Detection (STD) --- p.77 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Similarity Matrices --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- User-Website matrix: --- p.81 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- User-Tag matrix --- p.81 / Chapter 5.3.6 --- Website-Tag matrix --- p.82 / Chapter 5.4 --- Pearson Correlation Coefficient --- p.82 / Chapter 5.5 --- Social Network-based User Similarity --- p.83 / Chapter 5.6 --- User-oriented Website Ranking --- p.85 / Chapter 5.7 --- Evaluation --- p.87 / Chapter 5.7.1 --- Bookmark Data --- p.87 / Chapter 5.7.2 --- Social Network --- p.87 / Chapter 5.7.3 --- Subjective Tag List --- p.87 / Chapter 5.7.4 --- Subjective Tag Detection --- p.88 / Chapter 5.7.5 --- Bookmark Recommendation Quality --- p.90 / Chapter 5.7.6 --- System Evaluation --- p.91 / Chapter 5.8 --- Summary --- p.93 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and Future Work --- p.94 / Chapter A --- List of Symbols and Notations --- p.97 / Chapter B --- List of Publications --- p.100 / Bibliography --- p.101

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Johannesburg March 2017 / In South Africa there are eleven official languages and every citizen has a right to receive education in any of these languages. Nevertheless, the language of learning and teaching (LOLT) in most schools is either English or Afrikaans. Of the two languages English is more dominant because it is a global language and is preferred by parents. In a bid to embrace the call by UNSESCO (2007) which encourages science learning and teaching to be done in the mother tongue, South Africa implemented the teaching of science in indigenous languages in the lower grades in primary (1-3). Nonetheless, this endeavor has its merits and demerits. In South African schools most teachers and learners are English Second Language speakers. This study investigated the South African life sciences teachers’ use of science classroom language (technical and non-technical components) when teaching evolution to grade 12 learners in public schools. The primary objective of this study was to establish South Africa’s life sciences teachers’ awareness of the difficulty of the science classroom language towards suggesting strategies that they use to assist learners to better understand the science language. Three grade 12 life sciences teachers from two public schools in Johannesburg were observed and audio recorded three times while teaching evolution. A follow-up interview with each teacher was conducted to obtain clarity on language related issues that arose from the observations. As a result, the empirical data consisted of nine recorded lessons and accompanying field notes for each lesson as well as three recorded interviews. The interviews and the field notes were analysed using an interpretive approach whilst a strategy known as content analysis was used to analyse classroom observations so as to conclude on the teachers’ preferred approach to language use during teaching. From the findings, it can be suggested that South African life sciences teachers who participated in this study employed a variety of strategies to present technical terms to their learners but lacked explicit awareness of the difficulty of the science classroom language. / MT 2017

Thesis (M.A. (Translation Studies and Linguistics)) --University of Limpopo, 2013 / Refer to the document

Thesis (MBA) --University of Limpopo, 2010 / Management of electricity usage by household plays an important role in the growth of the country’s economy, and the avoidance of load shedding from Eskom. Electricity usage is very important for the growth of the economy and creation of job opportunities. The management of electricity usage by household’s customers will play a very critical role in the growth of the country’s economy and the creation of jobs. The contribution of households in applying the electricity saving techniques will reduce the risk of load shedding from Eskom during summer and winter. The save usage of electricity will give Eskom enough chance to build power stations to keep up with the demands and the growth of the South African economy. For the household customers to contribute positively, Eskom and the municipalities should conduct road shows to educate customers about the save usage of electrical appliances and the saving techniques that can be applied by households. Customer awareness campaigns should be conducted in both rural, urban and semi-urban areas. It will be very important for Eskom to communicate with the municipalities to run the awareness campaigns in the urban areas due to the high demand of electricity by households coming from the urban areas. The majority of households who are using the high consuming appliances of electricity reside in the urban areas and can play a vital role in minimizing the risk of load shedding that affected the country negatively in 2008. The quantitative research method was followed for this research. A questionnaire was used to collect the data from the household’s participants. Forty households from the five areas of Polokwane took part in the research totalling 200 participants. It was discovered that the customer awareness campaigns were conducted by Eskom in the areas where they service customers, although there are some gaps in other areas where the customers are complaining about lack of road shows to teach households about the electricity saving tips. Municipalities in all the five areas of Polokwane where the research was conducted are still lagging behind with the customer’s awareness campaigns. However Eskom customer services and the municipalities can work together and conduct road shows to reach more customers in order to reduce the risk of load shedding and power interruptions.