Australia�s policy on Quality Use of Medicines (QUM) aims to achieve appropriate use of medicines and improved health outcomes. Drug and Therapeutics Committees (DTCs) are educators, policy makers as well as financial gatekeepers in matters relating to medicine use. Increasingly, DTCs are also involved in risk management and clinical governance. As such, DTCs could be considered to be QUM advocates in the institutions in which they function. In a health care arena where there are escalating demands on high standards of clinical practice, quality assessment and improvement is essential in ensuring safe and effective patient care. Given the role DTCs play in safeguarding the interests of the stakeholders of the health care system, research into ways in which DTC performance could be enhanced is required. Although indicators specific to DTCs exist, the literature does not seem to provide straightforward answers to the question of what is currently being done in terms of quality assessment and quality improvement of DTCs. In the absence of such data, an opportunity for research is clearly identified. The first aim of this research project was to gain insight into the current activities undertaken by, and challenges facing Australian DTCs. Following this, the second aim was to explore ways in which DTC performance could be augmented. In addressing the first aim of this project, a national survey of Australian DTCs was conducted. These findings reinforce the evidence in the literature about the roles, structure and stakeholder expectations of DTCs. Our research also documents DTCs� quality improvement initiatives and barriers to DTC activities. It appears that there is little support available to Australian DTCs. Further, a case study was undertaken in order to gain an understanding of the depth and detail of DTC operations. An audit of a DTC in an Australian hospital was conducted. This study revealed that DTC decisions are being implemented in an ad hoc manner. In fact, there were no strategies (or action) planned to implement the majority of their decisions. This could have an impact on DTC performance. In view of this finding, qualitative methods were used to explore stakeholder opinions regarding the implementation of DTC decisions and policies. Stakeholders believed that strategies used to implement DTC policies should be targeted (to the audience as well as the type of decision/policy being implemented), timely, and delivered at the point of care. Face-to-face strategies were perceived to be more effective than printed materials, particularly when an influence on clinical practice was desired. Stakeholders also felt that the lack of resources was a significant barrier to DTC performance augmentation. This probably contributed to a lack of follow-up (or review) of implemented policies. According to stakeholders, other barriers to policy implementation include a lack of ownership of policies, low DTC profile, and an over-reliance on pharmacy to implement DTC decisions. Stakeholders felt one of the ways in which DTC performance could be improved was to prioritise DTC decisions for implementation. In pursuit of a method to prioritise DTC decisions, a survey was conducted. Stakeholders identified patient safety, cost, and the practice of evidence-based medicine as domains of important DTC decisions. The results also suggest that stakeholders recognise the need for the prioritisation of DTC decisions for implementation. Stakeholders implied that higher priority would be assigned to DTC decisions considered to be important. In a follow-up survey, stakeholders (including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and DTC members) seemed to have agreement of the primary domains of DTC decisions. Higher levels of importance and higher priority were assigned to decisions involving the primary domains of patient safety and cost. However, level of importance and priority assignment were not consistently correlated. The work presented in this thesis suggests that there are ways to improve DTC performance. Although conducted primarily on hospital-based DTCs, it is anticipated that the lessons learnt could be applied to state-based, or even, Area Health-based DTCs. In conclusion, this research found that there was a range of views regarding �importance� and prioritisation for implementation. Social, organisational, as well as environmental factors may contribute to this. Future research should examine other possible factors contributing to the importance and priority of DTC decisions, so that DTC policy could be appropriately implemented into practice.

Australia�s policy on Quality Use of Medicines (QUM) aims to achieve appropriate use of medicines and improved health outcomes. Drug and Therapeutics Committees (DTCs) are educators, policy makers as well as financial gatekeepers in matters relating to medicine use. Increasingly, DTCs are also involved in risk management and clinical governance. As such, DTCs could be considered to be QUM advocates in the institutions in which they function. In a health care arena where there are escalating demands on high standards of clinical practice, quality assessment and improvement is essential in ensuring safe and effective patient care. Given the role DTCs play in safeguarding the interests of the stakeholders of the health care system, research into ways in which DTC performance could be enhanced is required. Although indicators specific to DTCs exist, the literature does not seem to provide straightforward answers to the question of what is currently being done in terms of quality assessment and quality improvement of DTCs. In the absence of such data, an opportunity for research is clearly identified. The first aim of this research project was to gain insight into the current activities undertaken by, and challenges facing Australian DTCs. Following this, the second aim was to explore ways in which DTC performance could be augmented. In addressing the first aim of this project, a national survey of Australian DTCs was conducted. These findings reinforce the evidence in the literature about the roles, structure and stakeholder expectations of DTCs. Our research also documents DTCs� quality improvement initiatives and barriers to DTC activities. It appears that there is little support available to Australian DTCs. Further, a case study was undertaken in order to gain an understanding of the depth and detail of DTC operations. An audit of a DTC in an Australian hospital was conducted. This study revealed that DTC decisions are being implemented in an ad hoc manner. In fact, there were no strategies (or action) planned to implement the majority of their decisions. This could have an impact on DTC performance. In view of this finding, qualitative methods were used to explore stakeholder opinions regarding the implementation of DTC decisions and policies. Stakeholders believed that strategies used to implement DTC policies should be targeted (to the audience as well as the type of decision/policy being implemented), timely, and delivered at the point of care. Face-to-face strategies were perceived to be more effective than printed materials, particularly when an influence on clinical practice was desired. Stakeholders also felt that the lack of resources was a significant barrier to DTC performance augmentation. This probably contributed to a lack of follow-up (or review) of implemented policies. According to stakeholders, other barriers to policy implementation include a lack of ownership of policies, low DTC profile, and an over-reliance on pharmacy to implement DTC decisions. Stakeholders felt one of the ways in which DTC performance could be improved was to prioritise DTC decisions for implementation. In pursuit of a method to prioritise DTC decisions, a survey was conducted. Stakeholders identified patient safety, cost, and the practice of evidence-based medicine as domains of important DTC decisions. The results also suggest that stakeholders recognise the need for the prioritisation of DTC decisions for implementation. Stakeholders implied that higher priority would be assigned to DTC decisions considered to be important. In a follow-up survey, stakeholders (including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and DTC members) seemed to have agreement of the primary domains of DTC decisions. Higher levels of importance and higher priority were assigned to decisions involving the primary domains of patient safety and cost. However, level of importance and priority assignment were not consistently correlated. The work presented in this thesis suggests that there are ways to improve DTC performance. Although conducted primarily on hospital-based DTCs, it is anticipated that the lessons learnt could be applied to state-based, or even, Area Health-based DTCs. In conclusion, this research found that there was a range of views regarding �importance� and prioritisation for implementation. Social, organisational, as well as environmental factors may contribute to this. Future research should examine other possible factors contributing to the importance and priority of DTC decisions, so that DTC policy could be appropriately implemented into practice.

Le circuit du médicament à l’hôpital comporte quatre principales phases successives pour la prise en charge du patient hospitalisé : prescription, dispensation, administration, suivi du traitement. Toutefois, le médicament en tant que produit dispose traditionnellement d’un circuit logistique comprenant les étapes de sélection, achat et gestion de stocks. Chacune de toutes ces étapes du circuit du médicament fait intervenir différents acteurs et la pharmacie hospitalière en reste l’organe pivot à l’hôpital. La performance et la sécurisation du circuit du médicament font partie intégrante d’un système de santé efficace et doivent constituer une priorité du système de soins.Madagascar se trouve dans un contexte d’extrême pauvreté alors que 40% des dépenses de santé sont à la charge des ménages. Dans ce contexte, l’opérationnalité d’une pharmacie hospitalière est essentielle dans les hôpitaux publics dont les utilisateurs principaux sont particulièrement les populations de classe moyenne ou pauvre. Or, cette pharmacie hospitalière n’est qu’en phase de structuration à ce jour pour deux raisons : le manque d’effectifs pharmaceutiques disponibles pour ce secteur et la politique pharmaceutique hospitalière nationale encore mal définie.L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à l’amélioration de l’accessibilité et de la qualité des soins de la population dans les hôpitaux publics de Madagascar en proposant un modèle optimal et justifié du circuit du médicament en tenant compte des ressources humaines, matérielles et financières. Dans une première étape, afin de compléter la littérature grise disponible au pays, une description et une analyse de l’organisation et du fonctionnement de la pharmacie hospitalière ainsi que de tout le circuit du médicament dans les hôpitaux publics ont été réalisées par une recherche qualitative. Pour cela, des interviews semi-structurés des acteurs de santé du circuit ont été menés. Les résultats mettent en évidence les lacunes en termes de cadrage de l’organisation et du fonctionnement de la pharmacie hospitalière à Madagascar. Le circuit du médicament est compliqué : sans méthode standardisée de référencement des médicaments, quantification des besoins ne tenant pas compte de méthodes validées, gestion des stocks manuelle rendant difficile la supervision, prescription sans protocoles thérapeutiques standards, délivrance nominative par du personnel non qualifié, administration sans assistance pharmaceutique. Par la suite, un focus sur l’approvisionnement, l’essentiel des activités actuelles de la pharmacie hospitalière malgache dans le circuit du médicament, a été réalisé dans un établissement hospitalier de référence choisi. Une étude rétrospective évaluative du circuit de médicaments traceurs : les antidouleurs a été menée. Les principaux indicateurs sont des indicateurs harmonisés de gestion des achats et des stocks définis par l’OMS. Le calcul des différents indicateurs montre un système d’approvisionnement suboptimal. Les pratiques de référencement, d’achat, de commande et de gestion des médicaments devront être définies. Pour arriver à cerner les priorités stratégiques de mise en œuvre de ces améliorations à Madagascar, une enquête d’évaluation auprès des acteurs de santé les plus impliqués dans le circuit du médicament a été conduite sur les 75 recommandations internationales sur le futur de la pharmacie hospitalière en terme de leur importance, de leur capacité de mise en œuvre efficace et de leur réalisabilité. 32/75 (42,7%) de ces recommandations internationales pourraient être priorisées. Sur la base de tous ces préalables, un modèle optimal d'organisation du circuit du médicament à l’hôpital est proposé et sera mis à la disposition du Ministère de la Santé pour être testé dans les hôpitaux publics. Le modèle visera principalement une « pharmaceutisation » des ressources humaines et des différentes étapes du circuit du médicament. / Hospital drug supply chain consists of four major phases in patient management: prescription, dispensing, administration and monitoring of the treatment. However, as a product, medicine has traditionally logistic supply chain including selection, procurement and stock management. Each of these steps of drug supply chain involves different actors but hospital pharmacy remains their focal point in hospital. Drug supply chain performance and safety are essential parts of an effective health care system and had become priorities for public health.Madagascar is a very poor country whereas 40% of health expenditures in charge of households. In this context, making operational the hospital pharmacy is essential in public hospitals whose main users are especially the middle class and the poor. Yet, hospital pharmacy is only on a structuring phase for two reasons: the lack of available pharmacists for this sector and the unclear national pharmaceutical policy for hospitals.The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the improvement of accessibility and quality of public health care in public hospitals of Madagascar by providing a proposal of an optimal and justified model of drug supply chain taking account the human, material and financial resources.First, description and analysis of hospital pharmacies and the drug supply chain in public hospitals were done from qualitative research. For that purpose, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with health actors of the supply chain. The principal issue perceived by interviewees was the heterogeneity of the system in terms of technical and financing management. The drug supply chain is not under control: no internal procedure has been established for the selection of pharmaceutical products, the quantification of needs is complex, the stock management is difficult to supervise, a standard prescription protocol is lacking, the dispensing is performed by unqualified staff, no pharmaceutical preparation is manufactured in the hospitals and the administration occurs without pharmaceutical support. Then, we focused on procurement, the essential of current activities of Malagasy hospital pharmacies in drug supply chain. Our retrospective and evaluative study was conducted in a university hospital and utilized indicators for assessing the procurement management of medicines and preventing stock-outs and overstocking. The calculations of these indicators show a suboptimal drug supply chain. The drug supply chain needs some improvements. In order to define some strategic priorities of the implementation of these improvements, a survey on health actors was conducted in line with the international recommendations for hospital pharmacy. 32/75 (42,7%) of these recommendation could be conducted according to the participants. An optimal organizational model of drug supply chain is proposed and will be made available to the Ministry of health to be tested in public hospitals. This model aims at implementing the « pharmaceutization » of the resources and the different steps of the drug supply chain.

O uso abusivo e indiscriminado de medicamentos tornou-se um dos grandes problemas mundiais de saúde pública, sobretudo para os velhos, por ser a população etária mais medicalizada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as dimensões que influenciam o uso racional de medicamentos em uma população de velhos Remanescentes Quilombolas por meio de uma abordagem educativa á luz Freiriana, da comunidade de Malhadinha situada na cidade de Brejinho de Nazaré – Tocantins. Um estudo descritivo, de natureza quali-quantitativa, essa verificação ocorreu por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e uma sensibilização conforme as necessidades, denominada por intervenção educativa. Participaram do estudo Remanescentes Quilombolas acima de 60 anos, acadêmicos da Universidade da Maturidade da Universidade Federal do Tocantins do polo de Malhadinha no município de Brejinho de Nazaré -TO. Os resultados identificaram alto indicie de velhos no grupo de analfabetos (46,2%) e 1-4 anos de escolaridade (34,6%). Evidencia-se que o exercício da automedicação é saliente entre os participantes, bem como o descuido com o tratamento, o uso de medicamentos sem prescrição médica e o descarte inadequado dos fármacos. Ocorre, ainda, casos de abandono de prescrição e o uso de medicamentos com indicação de familiares e amigos. Confirma que o armazenamento e descarte dos medicamentos ocorre de maneira inadequada. Destaca-se a busca de informações por meio da TV e dificuldade de acesso ao sistema de saúde. Quanto aos medicamentos relatados 34,61% dos participantes utilizam medicamento inapropriados conforme os Critérios de Beers-Fick, correspondendo a 21,21% de todos os medicamentos citados. Conclui-se que a cartilha proposta nesta pesquisa contribuirá para a construção de uma sociedade mais preparada para enfrentar criticamente as informações vinculadas sobre cuidados medicamentos e com a saúde. Estimulando quanto ao desenvolvimento de hábitos saudáveis e o uso racional de medicamentos, sem submergir a essência da cultura Quilombola, não apenas respeitando as diferenças, mas adotando os conceitos de Paulo Freire, compreendendo como riquezas culturais com as quais todos podem aprender e desenvolver. / The Indiscriminate use of drugs has become a world leading public health problems , especially for the old , for being the most medicalized age population. The goal of this study was to identify the dimensions that influence the rational use of drugs in an elder Quilombolas remnants population through an educative approach based on Freire’s thoughts, in the community of Malhadinha located in the city of Brejinho de Nazaré – Tocantins. A Descriptive Study, of quantitative and qualitative nature, this verification occured through semi-structured interviews and a sensibilization as required, nominated by educative intervention. Participated in the study Quilombolas remnants over 60 years, academics from the Malhadinha pole of Universidade da Maturidade of the Universidade Federal do Tocantins in the city of Brejinho de Nazaré – TO. The results showed high elderly rate in the illiterate group (46.2%) and 1-4 years of education (34.6%). It is evident that the act of self-medication is relevant among the participants as well as the careless treatment, the use of non-prescription drugs and the improper drug disposal. It may also happen prescription leavers and the drug use indicated by family and friends. Supports that the storage and drugs disposal occurs inappropriately. Noteworthy is the search of information through the TV and difficult acces to health care. As for the drugs reported by the participants, 21.21% are included in the Beers-Fick Criteria. We conclude that the booklet proposed in this research will contribute to build a more prepared society to critically face the linked information on health care and medicines. Corroborating to the development of healthy habits, encouraging the rational drug use, without submerging the essence of Quilombola culture, not only respecting differences, but adopting the Paulo Freire’s concepts, comprising as a cultural enrichment in which everyone can learn and develop.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T13:10:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thais Martins Carneiro Sangiorgi.pdf: 2354688 bytes, checksum: d649343266029e25d19abc7069bf47a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-11 / User satisfaction is a way to evaluate the quality of health service and this information serve to improve the structure, the process and the result, improving treatment adherence and therefore reflecting the rational use of medicines. This study aims to assess the current situation of pharmaceutical care provided in care at the primary level of health care in the city of Sorocaba-SP, as well as the dimensions of the structure, process and outcome, based on the Donabedian Model. The design of the methodology used in this study was exploratory, analytical and crosssectional descriptive and quantitative approach. The questionnaire presented semistructured questions in Likert scale, applied to the pharmacists, pharmaceutical residents of the Multidisciplinary Residency Program and users of the Basic Health Unit Jardim Simus and Municipal Polyclinic of Sorocaba-SP. The user group featured a total interest of 38 respondents in their own established units, chosen at random. Referring to pharmacists the full participation was four professionals. As a result, we obtained a unanimous vote on the responses of users regarding the lack of guidance given pharmaceutical. Pharmaceutical professionals when approached about the capabilities, ensuring the improvement and professional stimulation also revealed the absence of activity. Because a small number of pharmacists present, the statistical calculations gave no significance in the outcome. Conclusion: The pharmaceutical care in the municipality is lacking, requiring greater investment in human, physical and material. Even if the absence of the pharmacist in the health team is an important factor, there is also a fragmentation in the execution of the steps of pharmaceutical care cycle. It is believed that these findings may contribute to a possible change in the quality of pharmaceutical services in primary health care, aimed at full care and rational use of medicines / A satisfação do usuário é uma maneira de avaliar a qualidade do serviço em saúde e estas informações servem para aprimorar a estrutura, o processo e o resultado, melhorando a adesão ao tratamento e refletindo por consequência no uso racional de medicamentos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a situação atual da assistência farmacêutica prestada no atendimento em nível primário de atenção à saúde no município de Sorocaba-SP, bem como as dimensões da estrutura, processo e resultado, tendo por base o Modelo Donabediano. O delineamento da metodologia utilizado neste estudo foi do tipo exploratório, analítico-transversal e descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa. O questionário apresentou questões semiestruturadas em escala de Likert, aplicados aos profissionais farmacêuticos, farmacêuticos residentes do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional e aos usuários da Unidade Básica de Saúde Jardim Simus e Policlínica Municipal de Sorocaba- SP. O grupo de usuários contou com uma participação total de 38 entrevistados nas próprias unidades estabelecidas, escolhidos aleatoriamente. Referente aos farmacêuticos a participação total foi de quatro profissionais. Como resultados, obteve-se uma unanimidade nas respostas dos usuários em relação a falta de orientação farmacêutica prestada. Os profissionais farmacêuticos quando abordados a respeito das capacitações, garantindo o aprimoramento e estímulo profissional, revelaram também a ausência da atividade. Devido ao fato de um número reduzido de profissionais farmacêuticos presentes, os cálculos estatísticos não deram significância no resultado final. Conclusão: A assistência farmacêutica no município é deficitária, exigindo maiores investimentos em recursos humanos, físicos e materiais. Mesmo que a ausência do farmacêutico na equipe de saúde seja um fator importante, nota-se também uma fragmentação na execução das etapas do ciclo da assistência farmacêutica. Acredita-se que estes achados possam contribuir para uma possível transformação na qualidade dos serviços farmacêuticos na atenção primária à saúde, visando o cuidado integral e ao uso racional dos medicamentos

Em virtude da necessidade de se disponibilizar medicamentos nos serviços de atenção à saúde e da utilização racional deste insumo, torna-se imperativo organizar a Assistência Farmacêutica (AF) e reorientar a atuação do farmacêutico no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), aproximando-o do usuário. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar um treinamento em dispensação para promoção do uso racional de medicamentos, composto por sete módulos, aplicado aos farmacêuticos da rede de atenção à saúde de municípios de São Paulo. A estruturação do treinamento se deu a partir do levantamento das necessidades dos serviços de atenção à saúde em relação ao farmacêutico, da definição do seu papel nestes serviços e das competências a serem desenvolvidas para o desempenho desse papel. Para aplicação do treinamento utilizou-se o método de ensino baseado em problemas. A estratégia adotada para esta avaliação foi a aplicação de um mesmo questionário pré e pós-treinamento, seguido pela medida das diferenças encontradas nas respostas fornecidas por cada farmacêutico e pelo grupo de farmacêuticos, antes e depois do treinamento. A avaliação dos módulos de treinamentos não mostrou diferenças significativas entre as médias de acertos das questões, antes e após a sua aplicação. A análise das respostas mostrou que é necessário melhor esclarecer o papel do farmacêutico no SUS e, ainda, promover o desenvolvimento de habilidades para a busca de informação sobre medicamentos, a realização de estudos para a sua utilização e identificação de reações adversas aos mesmos. / In need to provide medicines in health care services and rational use of this input, it is imperative to organize the Pharmaceutical Assistance and redirect the actions of the pharmacist in the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS), approaching him to the user. The objective of this study is to evaluate a training in dispensing to promote the rational use of medicines, composed of seven modules, applied to the pharmacists linked to the health care network in municipalities of São Paulo. The structuring of the training came from the needs of health care services in relation to pharmacists, the definition of their role in these services and skills that would be developed to perform this role. The training application is founded on the basedproblem education method. The strategy for this evaluation was the application of the same questionnaire before and after training, followed by measuring the differences responses provided by each pharmacist and the pharmaceutical group, before and after training. The evaluation of the modules for training showed no significant differences between the means of correct questions before and after its implementation. The analysis of responses showed that it is necessary clarify the role of the pharmacist in the Unified Health System, and also promote the development of skills for searching of information on drugs, studies for its use and identification of adverse reactions.

p. 1-108 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-23T20:22:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 33333as.pdf: 519659 bytes, checksum: be3e7a0f9508655ecf7c45122cb44744 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T16:55:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 33333as.pdf: 519659 bytes, checksum: be3e7a0f9508655ecf7c45122cb44744 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T16:55:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 33333as.pdf: 519659 bytes, checksum: be3e7a0f9508655ecf7c45122cb44744 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / O cirurgião-dentista faz uso de medicamentos comumente na prática clínica e devem-se observar critérios preconizados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) para seu uso racional. Estudos apontam vários problemas no uso de medicamentos pelo cirurgião-dentista e que em geral está mal preparado para indicação e prescrição de fármacos para seus pacientes. Desta forma, é importante análise de seus conhecimentos, percepções e práticas sobre uso de medicamentos, sendo que o estudo objetivou descrever a percepção de cirurgiões-dentistas sobre medicamentos quanto ao uso racional, as fontes de informação utilizadas e a influência da propaganda na prescrição. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com abordagem qualitativa, com coleta de dados realizada no Distrito Federal, por meio de entrevista individual, orientada por um roteiro semi-estruturado, com dez informantes-chave selecionados de acordo com fatores que podem estar relacionados a diferentes práticas e percepções. Para a análise de conteúdo dos dados obtidos pela pesquisa de campo foi utilizada a técnica de análise temática. Os resultados mostraram que os entrevistados consideram seus conhecimentos sobre terapêutica medicamentosa insuficientes para uma correta e segura prescrição. Foi observado que o entendimento sobre uso racional de medicamentos é limitado, se confunde com a decisão de utilizar os medicamentos somente quando necessário, sendo que seus preceitos foram parcialmente observados. A prescrição da dose correta foi a mais relacionada ao uso racional; o uso do medicamento apropriado às necessidades clínicas foi resumido à indicação certa e precisa; o tempo adequado de tratamento foi pouco destacado; e apenas um entrevistado relacionou o menor custo ao uso racional de medicamentos. Todos entrevistados desconhecem a proposta da OMS para o uso racional de medicamentos, bem como estratégias, intervenções e instrumentos para a promoção do uso racional de medicamentos, o que restringe a participação na formulação destas políticas e a efetivação do uso racional de medicamentos na odontologia. A fonte de informação sobre medicamentos mais utilizada pelos cirurgiões-dentistas é o Dicionário de Especialidades Farmacêuticas, seguida por pesquisas em sites de busca na Internet e livros didáticos. Está presente a percepção da influência das estratégias promocionais da indústria farmacêutica na prescrição odontológica, principalmente pela divulgação de medicamentos novos por meio dos representantes da indústria farmacêutica, diante da distribuição de amostras grátis, pela distribuição de receituários prontos e no oferecimento de vantagens. A sensibilização, a rápida prescrição e o uso amplamente difundido entre os cirurgiões-dentistas dos antiinflamatórios inibidores seletivos da COX-2 foram atribuídos diretamente à influência da propaganda da indústria farmacêutica na prescrição dontológica. O estudo demonstrou dependência das informações fornecidas pela indústria farmacêutica para conhecimento e atualização profissional sobre medicamentos. É necessário o estabelecimento de uma política de comunicação, bem como ações de informação e educação acerca dos aspectos envolvidos no uso racional de medicamentos junto aos cirurgiões-dentistas. É preciso intensificar a regulação e fiscalização sobre a propaganda de medicamentos; que disponibilize aos cirurgiões-dentistas fontes de informação independentes sobre medicamentos; desenvolver ações que estimulem atitude crítica sobre as informações fornecidas pela indústria farmacêutica e a conduta baseada em evidências científicas; e estabelecer uma política de inclusão destes profissionais prescritores para o uso racional de medicamentos. / Salvador

Em virtude da necessidade de se disponibilizar medicamentos nos serviços de atenção à saúde e da utilização racional deste insumo, torna-se imperativo organizar a Assistência Farmacêutica (AF) e reorientar a atuação do farmacêutico no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), aproximando-o do usuário. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar um treinamento em dispensação para promoção do uso racional de medicamentos, composto por sete módulos, aplicado aos farmacêuticos da rede de atenção à saúde de municípios de São Paulo. A estruturação do treinamento se deu a partir do levantamento das necessidades dos serviços de atenção à saúde em relação ao farmacêutico, da definição do seu papel nestes serviços e das competências a serem desenvolvidas para o desempenho desse papel. Para aplicação do treinamento utilizou-se o método de ensino baseado em problemas. A estratégia adotada para esta avaliação foi a aplicação de um mesmo questionário pré e pós-treinamento, seguido pela medida das diferenças encontradas nas respostas fornecidas por cada farmacêutico e pelo grupo de farmacêuticos, antes e depois do treinamento. A avaliação dos módulos de treinamentos não mostrou diferenças significativas entre as médias de acertos das questões, antes e após a sua aplicação. A análise das respostas mostrou que é necessário melhor esclarecer o papel do farmacêutico no SUS e, ainda, promover o desenvolvimento de habilidades para a busca de informação sobre medicamentos, a realização de estudos para a sua utilização e identificação de reações adversas aos mesmos. / In need to provide medicines in health care services and rational use of this input, it is imperative to organize the Pharmaceutical Assistance and redirect the actions of the pharmacist in the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS), approaching him to the user. The objective of this study is to evaluate a training in dispensing to promote the rational use of medicines, composed of seven modules, applied to the pharmacists linked to the health care network in municipalities of São Paulo. The structuring of the training came from the needs of health care services in relation to pharmacists, the definition of their role in these services and skills that would be developed to perform this role. The training application is founded on the basedproblem education method. The strategy for this evaluation was the application of the same questionnaire before and after training, followed by measuring the differences responses provided by each pharmacist and the pharmaceutical group, before and after training. The evaluation of the modules for training showed no significant differences between the means of correct questions before and after its implementation. The analysis of responses showed that it is necessary clarify the role of the pharmacist in the Unified Health System, and also promote the development of skills for searching of information on drugs, studies for its use and identification of adverse reactions.

Em virtude da necessidade de se disponibilizar medicamentos nos serviços de atenção à saúde e da utilização racional deste insumo, torna-se imperativo organizar a Assistência Farmacêutica (AF) e reorientar a atuação do farmacêutico no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), aproximando-o do usuário. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar um treinamento em dispensação para promoção do uso racional de medicamentos, composto por sete módulos, aplicado aos farmacêuticos da rede de atenção à saúde de municípios de São Paulo. A estruturação do treinamento se deu a partir do levantamento das necessidades dos serviços de atenção à saúde em relação ao farmacêutico, da definição do seu papel nestes serviços e das competências a serem desenvolvidas para o desempenho desse papel. Para aplicação do treinamento utilizou-se o método de ensino baseado em problemas. A estratégia adotada para esta avaliação foi a aplicação de um mesmo questionário pré e pós-treinamento, seguido pela medida das diferenças encontradas nas respostas fornecidas por cada farmacêutico e pelo grupo de farmacêuticos, antes e depois do treinamento. A avaliação dos módulos de treinamentos não mostrou diferenças significativas entre as médias de acertos das questões, antes e após a sua aplicação. A análise das respostas mostrou que é necessário melhor esclarecer o papel do farmacêutico no SUS e, ainda, promover o desenvolvimento de habilidades para a busca de informação sobre medicamentos, a realização de estudos para a sua utilização e identificação de reações adversas aos mesmos. / In need to provide medicines in health care services and rational use of this input, it is imperative to organize the Pharmaceutical Assistance and redirect the actions of the pharmacist in the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS), approaching him to the user. The objective of this study is to evaluate a training in dispensing to promote the rational use of medicines, composed of seven modules, applied to the pharmacists linked to the health care network in municipalities of São Paulo. The structuring of the training came from the needs of health care services in relation to pharmacists, the definition of their role in these services and skills that would be developed to perform this role. The training application is founded on the basedproblem education method. The strategy for this evaluation was the application of the same questionnaire before and after training, followed by measuring the differences responses provided by each pharmacist and the pharmaceutical group, before and after training. The evaluation of the modules for training showed no significant differences between the means of correct questions before and after its implementation. The analysis of responses showed that it is necessary clarify the role of the pharmacist in the Unified Health System, and also promote the development of skills for searching of information on drugs, studies for its use and identification of adverse reactions.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-27T14:17:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelosilvasilverio.pdf: 1069610 bytes, checksum: 43e73e568df0511e0f30985da5203e18 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-28T12:58:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelosilvasilverio.pdf: 1069610 bytes, checksum: 43e73e568df0511e0f30985da5203e18 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T12:58:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelosilvasilverio.pdf: 1069610 bytes, checksum: 43e73e568df0511e0f30985da5203e18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A produção e difusão de conhecimento sobre padrões quantitativos de utilização de medicamentos, perfis de prescrição, qualidade do que se usa, automedicação, vendas e custos comparativos contribuem para a formação de uma consciência critica da sociedade no uso dos medicamentos. Os estudos de utilização de medicamentos, como um dos ramos da farmacoepidemiologia, tem como principal objetivo gerar informações que possam racionalizar o uso dos medicamentos. O trabalho avaliou o perfil farmacoepidemiológico do município de Muriaé, MG, através de um estudo de utilização de medicamentos em Farmácias comunitárias e hospitalares. Foi avaliado o consumo de medicamentos industrializados e manipulados, em farmácias comunitárias, através do registro de comercialização em 4 estabelecimentos sem e 3 com manipulação, durante 3 meses, além do recolhimento 800 prescrições médicas para avaliação da qualidade das mesmas. As prescrições foram avaliadas pelos indicadores de prescrições da OMS, pela legibilidade e presença das informações essenciais. Em 4 hospitais do município, foi avaliado o uso de medicamentos cardiovasculares, psicotrópicos e antimicrobianos, durante 3 meses, e os resultados foram expressos em dose diária definida (DDD) por 100 leitos-dia. O estudo demonstrou que foi prescrita uma média de 2,2 medicamentos por receituário comum, que porcentagem de antibióticos prescritos foi de 22,1%, que 33% das prescrições ocorreram pelo nome genérico e que 46,5% dos medicamentos prescritos constavam na RENAME. As prescrições estavam em 68% dos casos pouco legíveis ou ilegíveis e as informações essenciais estavam ausentes em grande parte das prescrições. Os medicamentos comercializados, em mais de 30%, não estão presentes na RENAME, ocorreu um alto consumo de combinações em doses fixas, de antimicrobianos, e elevado uso de medicamentos sem valor terapêutico alto. Além disso, os produtos mais comercializados são diferentes nas Farmácias com e sem manipulação. No estudo hospitalar as cefalosporinas (51,1%) foram os antimicrobianos mais utilizados e o uso em DDD/100 foi de 45,69, considerados os 10 antimicrobianos mais utilizados. Entre os cardiovasculares os antitrombóticos (23,12%) e os IECA/ARA-II (22,80%) foram os grupos mais utilizados. Os ansiolíticos (35%) foram a classe de psicoativos mais utilizada, com destaque para o Midazolam (38,15 DDD/100) e o Diazepam (29,10 DDD/100). Estes resultados mostram que o uso de medicamentos no município, o que pode se repetir em municípios de porte semelhante. Como no Brasil ainda existem lacunas neste tipo de informação farmacoepidemiológica, este trabalho pode contribuir com novos estudos e servir de modelo para execução dos mesmos, além de contribuir para a formulação de estratégias sanitárias na área do medicamento. / The production and dissemination of knowledge on quantitative standards of drug use, prescription profiles, quality of what you use, self-medication, sales and comparative costs contribute to the formation of a critical conscience of society in the use of drugs. The utilization studies of drug, as a arms of pharmacoepidemiology, has as a major objective is to generate information that can rationalize the use of drugs. The study evaluated the pharmacoepidemiological profile of the city of Muriaé, MG, through a study of utilization study of drug in community and hospital pharmacies. Was evaluated the use of manufactured and manipulated drugs by record sales in 4 pharmacies without manipulation and 3 with manipulation, for 3 months, furthermore collected 800 prescriptions for evaluating the quality of these same establishments. The prescriptions were assessed by the WHO prescribing indicators, the presence of essential information and legibility. In four hospitals in the city was evaluated the use of cardiovascular drugs, psychotropic and antibiotics for 3 months, and the results were expressed as defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 beddays. The study showed that was prescribed an average of 2.2 drugs per prescription common, what percentage of antibiotics prescribed was 22.1%, that 33% of prescriptions were for generic name and that 46.5% of prescription drugs contained in RENAME. The prescriptions were in 68% of cases little readable or unreadable and essential information were largely absent from the prescriptions. The drugs marketed in more than 30%, are not present in the RENAME, there was a high consumption of fixed-dose combinations and of antimicrobials, elevated use of drugs without therapeutic value high. Furthermore, most products marketed in manipulation pharmacies are different from without manipulation. In the hospital study cephalosporins (51.1%) were the most commonly used antimicrobials and use in DDD/100 was 45.69, considered the 10 most used antimicrobial agents. Among the cardiovascular antithrombotics (23.12%) and ACEI / ARB (22.80%) were the most commonly used groups. Anxiolytics (35%) were the most commonly used class of psychoactive drugs, especially the Midazolam (38.15 DDD/100) and Diazepam (29.10 DDD/100). These results show that the use of drugs in the city, which can be repeated in cities of similar size. As in Brazil there are still gaps in this information pharmacoepidemiological, this work may contribute to new studies and serve as a model for their implementation, and contribute to the formulation of health strategies in the field of drugs.