A inovação é fator crucial para o crescimento da economia de uma nação e pode ser vista como o resultado bem articulado das necessidades do consumidor frente a possibilidades de novas tecnologias, novos produtos e novos serviços. A eficácia no entendimento das necessidades dos usuários é considerada um dos principais pilares nos estudos em inovação, principalmente no entendimento das necessidades e requisitos nas fases iniciais do processo de desenvolvimento de novos produtos. No entanto, como consequência da falta de informação direta sobre suas reais necessidades, as informações dos usuários são reduzidas a requisitos generalistas, atendendo essencialmente a aspectos normativos, representados em manuais de referência e diretrizes de design, desconectados do contexto cultural, ambiental e de trabalho. Assim, tem-se como objetivo principal desta tese uma proposta de avaliação de requisitos funcionais e emocionais do produto, sob a perspectiva do usuário. Foram abordados métodos qualitativos (como entrevistas, grupo focado e estudo de caso), bem como métodos quantitativos (como análise multivariada de dados). Esta pesquisa apresenta cinco artigos relacionados ao tema. Ressalta-se como principais resultados: (i) uma revisão de conceitos que apresentam como a percepção do usuário contribui para a inovação no contexto de desenvolvimento de produto; (ii) uma classificação de métodos de avaliação de requisitos de acordo com os requisitos do usuário; (iii) um modelo conceitual de integração dos métodos QFD (Desdobramento da Função Qualidade) e Engenharia Kansei, relacionados aos requisitos funcionais e emocionais respectivamente, aplicado ao caso de um produto da indústria de higiene e beleza; (iv) proposta e validação de um instrumento de coleta de dados, para avaliação da sessão de hemodiálise, sob a perspectiva do paciente, considerando os requisitos de usabilidade, emocionais e econômicos; (v) avaliação da sessão de hemodiálise, a partir da percepção dos pacientes, considerando o atendimento a requisitos de usabilidade, emocionais e econômicos. Como principal conclusão, a tese apresenta uma avaliação de produtos em seu contexto de uso de acordo com as funções prática e estética avaliadas de forma combinada, numa perspectiva multidimensional. Desta forma é possível extrapolar diretrizes de melhorias em produtos e prover inovação em projetos futuros. / Innovation is a crucial factor for growth of the economy of a nation and can be seen as the result of well-articulated consumer needs front the possibilities of new technologies, new products and new services. The effectiveness in understanding the users’ needs is considered one of the main pillars in the studies about innovation, especially in understanding the needs and requirements in the early stages of the new products development process. However, as a result of the lack of direct information about their real needs, the information of users are reduced to generalists requirements, essentially serving normative aspects, represented in reference manuals and design guidelines, disconnected from the cultural context, and environmental work. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is a proposal for evaluation of functional and emotional requirements of the product, under the user's perspective. Qualitative methods were addressed (such as interviews, focus group and case study) and quantitative methods (such as multivariate data analysis). This research presents five articles related to the topic. It is emphasized as main results: (i) a review of concepts which show how the perception of the user contributes to innovation in product development context; (ii) a classification of requirements assessment methods according to users’ requirements; (iii) a conceptual model for integration of QFD (Quality Function Deployment) and Kansei Engineering methods, that is related to functional and emotional requirements respectively, was applied to the case of a product from hygiene and beauty industry; (iv) proposal and validation of a data collection instrument for evaluation of hemodialysis session, under the patient's perspective, considering the usability, emotional and economic requirements; (v) evaluation of the hemodialysis session, from the patients’ perception, considering attending to usability, emotional and economic requirements. As main conclusion, the thesis presents a product evaluation in its context of use, according to the aesthetic and practical functions which was evaluated in combination, in a multidimensional perspective. Thus it is possible to extrapolate guidelines for improvements in products and provide innovation in future projects.

A inovação é fator crucial para o crescimento da economia de uma nação e pode ser vista como o resultado bem articulado das necessidades do consumidor frente a possibilidades de novas tecnologias, novos produtos e novos serviços. A eficácia no entendimento das necessidades dos usuários é considerada um dos principais pilares nos estudos em inovação, principalmente no entendimento das necessidades e requisitos nas fases iniciais do processo de desenvolvimento de novos produtos. No entanto, como consequência da falta de informação direta sobre suas reais necessidades, as informações dos usuários são reduzidas a requisitos generalistas, atendendo essencialmente a aspectos normativos, representados em manuais de referência e diretrizes de design, desconectados do contexto cultural, ambiental e de trabalho. Assim, tem-se como objetivo principal desta tese uma proposta de avaliação de requisitos funcionais e emocionais do produto, sob a perspectiva do usuário. Foram abordados métodos qualitativos (como entrevistas, grupo focado e estudo de caso), bem como métodos quantitativos (como análise multivariada de dados). Esta pesquisa apresenta cinco artigos relacionados ao tema. Ressalta-se como principais resultados: (i) uma revisão de conceitos que apresentam como a percepção do usuário contribui para a inovação no contexto de desenvolvimento de produto; (ii) uma classificação de métodos de avaliação de requisitos de acordo com os requisitos do usuário; (iii) um modelo conceitual de integração dos métodos QFD (Desdobramento da Função Qualidade) e Engenharia Kansei, relacionados aos requisitos funcionais e emocionais respectivamente, aplicado ao caso de um produto da indústria de higiene e beleza; (iv) proposta e validação de um instrumento de coleta de dados, para avaliação da sessão de hemodiálise, sob a perspectiva do paciente, considerando os requisitos de usabilidade, emocionais e econômicos; (v) avaliação da sessão de hemodiálise, a partir da percepção dos pacientes, considerando o atendimento a requisitos de usabilidade, emocionais e econômicos. Como principal conclusão, a tese apresenta uma avaliação de produtos em seu contexto de uso de acordo com as funções prática e estética avaliadas de forma combinada, numa perspectiva multidimensional. Desta forma é possível extrapolar diretrizes de melhorias em produtos e prover inovação em projetos futuros. / Innovation is a crucial factor for growth of the economy of a nation and can be seen as the result of well-articulated consumer needs front the possibilities of new technologies, new products and new services. The effectiveness in understanding the users’ needs is considered one of the main pillars in the studies about innovation, especially in understanding the needs and requirements in the early stages of the new products development process. However, as a result of the lack of direct information about their real needs, the information of users are reduced to generalists requirements, essentially serving normative aspects, represented in reference manuals and design guidelines, disconnected from the cultural context, and environmental work. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is a proposal for evaluation of functional and emotional requirements of the product, under the user's perspective. Qualitative methods were addressed (such as interviews, focus group and case study) and quantitative methods (such as multivariate data analysis). This research presents five articles related to the topic. It is emphasized as main results: (i) a review of concepts which show how the perception of the user contributes to innovation in product development context; (ii) a classification of requirements assessment methods according to users’ requirements; (iii) a conceptual model for integration of QFD (Quality Function Deployment) and Kansei Engineering methods, that is related to functional and emotional requirements respectively, was applied to the case of a product from hygiene and beauty industry; (iv) proposal and validation of a data collection instrument for evaluation of hemodialysis session, under the patient's perspective, considering the usability, emotional and economic requirements; (v) evaluation of the hemodialysis session, from the patients’ perception, considering attending to usability, emotional and economic requirements. As main conclusion, the thesis presents a product evaluation in its context of use, according to the aesthetic and practical functions which was evaluated in combination, in a multidimensional perspective. Thus it is possible to extrapolate guidelines for improvements in products and provide innovation in future projects.

A inovação é fator crucial para o crescimento da economia de uma nação e pode ser vista como o resultado bem articulado das necessidades do consumidor frente a possibilidades de novas tecnologias, novos produtos e novos serviços. A eficácia no entendimento das necessidades dos usuários é considerada um dos principais pilares nos estudos em inovação, principalmente no entendimento das necessidades e requisitos nas fases iniciais do processo de desenvolvimento de novos produtos. No entanto, como consequência da falta de informação direta sobre suas reais necessidades, as informações dos usuários são reduzidas a requisitos generalistas, atendendo essencialmente a aspectos normativos, representados em manuais de referência e diretrizes de design, desconectados do contexto cultural, ambiental e de trabalho. Assim, tem-se como objetivo principal desta tese uma proposta de avaliação de requisitos funcionais e emocionais do produto, sob a perspectiva do usuário. Foram abordados métodos qualitativos (como entrevistas, grupo focado e estudo de caso), bem como métodos quantitativos (como análise multivariada de dados). Esta pesquisa apresenta cinco artigos relacionados ao tema. Ressalta-se como principais resultados: (i) uma revisão de conceitos que apresentam como a percepção do usuário contribui para a inovação no contexto de desenvolvimento de produto; (ii) uma classificação de métodos de avaliação de requisitos de acordo com os requisitos do usuário; (iii) um modelo conceitual de integração dos métodos QFD (Desdobramento da Função Qualidade) e Engenharia Kansei, relacionados aos requisitos funcionais e emocionais respectivamente, aplicado ao caso de um produto da indústria de higiene e beleza; (iv) proposta e validação de um instrumento de coleta de dados, para avaliação da sessão de hemodiálise, sob a perspectiva do paciente, considerando os requisitos de usabilidade, emocionais e econômicos; (v) avaliação da sessão de hemodiálise, a partir da percepção dos pacientes, considerando o atendimento a requisitos de usabilidade, emocionais e econômicos. Como principal conclusão, a tese apresenta uma avaliação de produtos em seu contexto de uso de acordo com as funções prática e estética avaliadas de forma combinada, numa perspectiva multidimensional. Desta forma é possível extrapolar diretrizes de melhorias em produtos e prover inovação em projetos futuros. / Innovation is a crucial factor for growth of the economy of a nation and can be seen as the result of well-articulated consumer needs front the possibilities of new technologies, new products and new services. The effectiveness in understanding the users’ needs is considered one of the main pillars in the studies about innovation, especially in understanding the needs and requirements in the early stages of the new products development process. However, as a result of the lack of direct information about their real needs, the information of users are reduced to generalists requirements, essentially serving normative aspects, represented in reference manuals and design guidelines, disconnected from the cultural context, and environmental work. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is a proposal for evaluation of functional and emotional requirements of the product, under the user's perspective. Qualitative methods were addressed (such as interviews, focus group and case study) and quantitative methods (such as multivariate data analysis). This research presents five articles related to the topic. It is emphasized as main results: (i) a review of concepts which show how the perception of the user contributes to innovation in product development context; (ii) a classification of requirements assessment methods according to users’ requirements; (iii) a conceptual model for integration of QFD (Quality Function Deployment) and Kansei Engineering methods, that is related to functional and emotional requirements respectively, was applied to the case of a product from hygiene and beauty industry; (iv) proposal and validation of a data collection instrument for evaluation of hemodialysis session, under the patient's perspective, considering the usability, emotional and economic requirements; (v) evaluation of the hemodialysis session, from the patients’ perception, considering attending to usability, emotional and economic requirements. As main conclusion, the thesis presents a product evaluation in its context of use, according to the aesthetic and practical functions which was evaluated in combination, in a multidimensional perspective. Thus it is possible to extrapolate guidelines for improvements in products and provide innovation in future projects.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze which potential users and requirements there are on a quality assurance tool to facilitate improving quality in technical documentation. The issues for this thesis to answer are to (1) define potential user groups and their requirements, (2) explore what ways introducing a quality assurance tool could facilitate quality in technical documentation, and (3) explore what challenges needs to be considered when integrating it into the workflow. The empirical research carried out at Saab Support & Services AB in Linköping in the form of semi-structured interviews constitutes the core case study evidence. Three personas are constructed on the basis of collected and analyzed data, corresponding for the potential user groups. For each persona, data requirements, as well as functional requirements, are generated through scenarios that are constructed to constitute for the possible contexts that the personas could find themselves in using this quality assurance tool. Further, this study explores some challenges that must be solved in order to satisfy the requirements of the potential users: to find a place in the workflow that suits the requirements from all perspectives. It shows important considerations to have in mind while integrating a quality assurance tool into the process of producing technical documentation, and opens up for questions of future studies within the integration of quality assurance tools into complex contexts.

Les ED deviennent des composants incontournables dans les entreprises et les organisations.Le thème de conception des ED a fait l’objet de recherches actives ces dernières années. Laprincipale limitation des approches proposées est le manque d’une vision globale s’inscrivantdans le cadre du cycle de conception des ED, même si la communauté reconnait toutes lesphases de ce cycle. Nos principales contributions dans cette thèse portent sur la proposition d’uneméthode de conception adaptée aux récentes évolutions qu’a connu le cycle de conception, etenglobant l’ensemble de ses phases. Le cycle de conception a connu une diversification importantedes modèles de stockage de données et des architectures de déploiement possibles offrant deschoix de conception variés. Ce cycle reconnait l’importance des besoins des utilisateurs dansle processus de conception, et l’importance d’accès et de représentation de la sémantique desdonnées. Notre première proposition présente une méthode de conception suivant une approcheà base d’ontologies de domaine, permettant de valoriser les besoins des utilisateurs en leur offrantune vue persistante au sein de l’ED. Cette vue permet d’anticiper diverses tâches de conceptionet de simuler les différents choix de conception. Notre deuxième proposition revisite le cycle deconception en exécutant la phase ETL (extraction-transformation-chargement des données) dèsla phase conceptuelle. Cette proposition permet de fournir un moyen de déploiement multiplesur différentes plateformes disponibles. / Data Warehouses (DWs) become essential components for companies and organizations.DWdesign field has been actively researched in recent years. The main limitation of the proposedapproaches is the lack of an overall vision covering the DW design cycle. Our main contributionin this thesis is to propose a method adapted to recent evolutions of the DW design cycle,and covering all its phases. These evolutions have given rise to new data storage models andnew deployment architectures, which offers different design choices for designers and administrators.DW literature recognizes the importance of user requirements in the design process, andthe importance of accessing and representing data semantics. We propose an ontology drivendesign method that valorizes users’ requirements by providing them a persistent view in theDW structure. This view allows anticipating diverse design tasks and simulating different designchoices. Our second proposal revisits the design cycle by executing the ETL phase (extractiontransformation-loading of data) in the conceptual stage. This proposal allows a deployment à lacarte of the DW using the different deployment platforms available.

The desire to obtain value and justify investments from the different Information Systems in place in organizations has been around for a long time. Organizations constantly theorize and implement different approaches that provide some sort of alignment between their different business objectives and Information Systems. Unfortunately, the environments in which these organizations operate are often dynamic, constantly changing with influence from external and internal factors that require continual realignment of the Information Systems with business objectives to provide value. When businesses evolve, leading to changes in business requirements, it is hard to know what direct Information System changes are needed to respond to the new requirements. Similarly, when there are changes in the Information System, it is not often easy to discern which business objectives are directly affected. Whilst the different Enterprise Architecture frameworks available today provide and propose some form of alignment, in their implementation, they do not show links between business objectives and Information Systems, i.e., indicating what Information System is directly responsible for different business objectives thereby allowing for anticipation and support of changes as the business evolves. This thesis utilizes insights from Business Intelligence and uses the User Requirements Notation (URN), which enables modeling of business processes and goals, to provide a framework that exploits links between business objectives and Information Systems. This Business Intelligence - Enabled Adaptive Enterprise Architecture framework allows for anticipating and supporting proactively the adaptation of Enterprise Architecture as and when the business evolves. The thesis also identifies and models levels within the enterprise where responses to change as the business evolves are needed and the ways the changes are presented. The tool-supported framework is evaluated against the different levels and types of changes on a realistic Enterprise Architecture at a Government of Canada department, with encouraging results.

The goal of this thesis is to design demo of Sitecore Web Content Management System based on user requirements on a Web Content Management System. The thesis contains basic information about a Web Content Management System and describes in detail Sitecore Web Content Management System. Analysis of user requirements is realized based on inquiry documents of medium and large organizations. All the analyzed requirements contain detailed description and information about implementation of the given requirement in Sitecore Web Content Management System. Demo is designed based on analyzed requirements and target audiences, which are identified in the thesis. Part of the thesis is also design of scenarios used to demonstrate the demo.

Context. There has been a remarkable growth of the mobile game industry since the raging pandemic covid-19 destroyed many businesses across several industries [1]. Nowadays mobile gaming has been one of the highest performing industries globally, raking in more billions in revenue [1,2]. Understanding the direction and aspects to improve the quality of products and reduce the cost is important for a mobile gaming company to stand out. There is a plethora of literature on how to improve the related product quality [3]. One of them is to analyze and optimize the various requirements in each version update, and how these requirements could be elicited from the company’s development plan and user feedback. Specifically, mobile game companies would review the user comments of their products from various application platforms such as Google Play and Apple store, select the informative comments with specific user requirements according to their own standard, and finally elicit and then implement these requirements in the follow-up version updates. During this process, it is important to control the lead time---the time cost for mobile game companies to review and select the valuable user comments, make decisions to apply the changes, make a development plan afterwards and finally put it into action. In the current increasingly intense competitive environment, time-based dimensions of a product such as the lead-time are becoming an increasingly important component in assessing strategic advantage, since having products early increases the possible market introduction window. Meanwhile, traditional long lead times and high inventory levels may be less appropriate and more costly endeavors that may not even achieve product parity [4]. To compress the product lead time was the priority task to help companies keep their competitiveness [5]. To fulfil this aim, fundamental changes must be made in every function that affects the delivery of the product. However, most existing literature focuses on the lead time in the traditional software industry, which can be different in the case of the mobile game apps. We herein in this paper explore the contents of lead time in the mobile gaming industry. We designed a series of steps to explore the real situation of lead time in the mobile gaming industry. Differences between mobile gaming and traditional software industries are also of interest to be explored.       Objectives. The main purpose of our research was to study the lead time which would be caused during the process of implementing users’ requirements. We tried to achieve the purpose from two aspects: First, we investigated whether there were differences in the lead time of different requirement types. Second, we investigated whether the lead time differences existed in different types of mobile games.   Methods. Our group used Case Study as the main research method to investigate the lead time in real cases.   Results. .First, there were differences in the lead time of implementing different types of requirements. Such as the lead time of bug fix types of requirements would be shorter than feature added types of requirements. Second, different types of mobile game apps had differences in the lead time. For example, MOBA games would take longer time on Function update or Feature request types of requirements, and FPS games would take longer time on exclusive event types of requirements. The details would be shown in part 4.2 and 4.3.   Conclusions. Two research questions in our thesis were answered. When mobile game companies dealt with requirements in user feedback, the lead time objectively existed. We could calculate the length of the lead time of different types of requirements. Moreover, different types of requirements had various lead times. For example, the lead time caused by bug fixing requirement would be shorter compared with that of adding new functions. And this research provided some fundamental results to both academic field and mobile game industry field.   Keywords: Mobile game apps, User reviews, User requirements, Lead time

Säkerhet och användbarhet beskrivs ofta som motpoler. I detta examensarbete så undersöks möjligheterna till att inkorporera både säkerhet och användbarhet i ett passagekontrollsgränssnitt. Forskningen är fokuserad på den del av passagekontrollen som benämns som händelseloggen. Loggens ändamål är att lagra och presentera information om händelser som sker i övervakade entréer. Syftet med forskningen är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning det är möjligt att implementera användarkrav och samtidigt uppfylla säkerhets- och användbarhetsheuristik. En klassisk interaktionsdesignsprocess utförs. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomförs med respondenter från två olika målgrupper, för att kontrollera om deras behov skiljer sig åt. Den ena gruppen består av användare som primärt jobbar med säkerhetsrelaterade arbetsuppgifter medan den andra gruppen har säkerhet som sekundär arbetsuppgift. Svaren analyseras genom en tematisk analys. Analysen resulterar i fyra olika teman innehållandes 26 stycken användarkrav. Användarkraven och heuristiken tas i beaktning när en prototyp skapas. Prototypen utvärderas sedan genom en heuristisk utvärdering av experter. Resultatet av denna forskning tyder på att användarkrav bidrar till att uppfylla heuristik. Utöver detta, så visar det sig att de två målgrupperna, på flera punkter, har olika behov. Användarkrav som härstammar från den första gruppen anses vara mer dynamiska och omedelbara, medan den andra gruppen har krav som är desto mer statiska och sporadiska. / Security and usability are often thought of as being contradictive. In this thesis, we explore the possibility of incorporating both security and usability in an access control GUI. The research is concentrated towards the part of the access control that is referred to as the event log. The purpose of the log is to store and present information about events that occur at monitored entry points. The intention of the research is to investigate to what extent it is possible to implement user requirements, while still complying with security and usability heuristics. A traditional interaction design process is conducted. Semi-structured interviews are held with respondents from two different target groups, to see if their needs differ. One of the groups consists of users who primarily do security related work, and the other one consists of users who have security as a secondary job assignment. The answers undergo a thematic analysis. The outcome of the analysis is four different themes, consisting of a total of 26 user requirements. The user requirements and the heuristics are taken into consideration when creating a prototype. The prototype is then subjected to a heuristic evaluation by experts. The results of this research indicate that the gathering of user requirements does aid the compliance with heuristics. Moreover, the user needs between the two groups do differ on several accounts. The requirements that originate from the first group can be thought of as more dynamic and instantaneous, while the other group has requirements that are more static and occasional.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Long-term survivors (LTSs) of breast cancer are defined as patients who have been in remission for a year or longer. Even after being declared breast-cancer-free, many LTSs have questions that were not answered by clinicians. Although online resources provide some content for LTSs, none, or very little, provide immediate answers to specific questions. Thus, the aim involves proposing specifications for a system, the Health Electronic Learning Platform (HELP), that can assist survivors by becoming an all-inclusive resource for LTSs of breast cancer. To achieve this, relevant information from the literature was used to assess the needs of LTSs. Also, data from a study involving the breast cancer survivor’s forum project that had been filtered to include posts with mentions of features to be added to the website and usability issues encountered. To complete the actual design of the system, a synthesis of the results obtained from these two sources was performed. HELP is simple in terms of its layout and consists of a main search-bar, where LTSs are able to ask questions using their own terms and language. This navigator should not be taken as definitive solution, but instead, should be used as a starting point toward better patient-centered care.