It is the purpose of the present study to determine, and, as far as possible, to evaluate in terms of the Cooperative Study of secondary School Standars the following items as found in 5 selected high school libraries in Northern Utah: (1) objectives, (2) library materials, including book collection, periodicals, pamphlets, clippings, bulletines, and visual aids, (3) organization and administration, including finances, library personnel, classification and cataloging, accessibility of the library, and the librarian's responsibilties, (4) selecting of library materials, (5) utilization of the library, (6) housing and equipping the library, and (7) speical characteristics. Since an administrator must know the characteristics of an effectived library, some of the prevailing practcies among the various libraries, and the actual characteristics of the library in question before he can actually carry forth a program of library reconstruction, this study may be of value in focusing attention to the needs of the high school library, and directing the administrator's attention toward current trends, thus aiding the library to assume its proper place in the modern secondary school program.

The mineralogy and morphology of a soil with a cambic horizon (Stingal) and a soil with an argillic horizon (Hansel), occurring in northern Utah, were studied. Pedons representing the central concept of each of the soils were sampled by genetic horizon for laboratory analyses. Particle- size distribution, calcium carbonate equivalent, cation-exchange capacity, organic carbon , and the mineralogy of the silt, coarse clay, and fine clay fractions were determined. Thin sections of the soils were examined with a petrographic microscope. Selected peds were observed using a scanning electron microscope, and elemental analyses were made with an x-ray analyzer. The two soils were found to be similar in many respects . The particle-size distribution and mineralogy were essentially the same, indicating the similarities of parent materials and the nature of pedogenic processes. As expected, the argillic horizon contained more. fine and total clay than did the cambic horizon, and the Hansel soil showed signs of more intense weathering. Both factors are related to the greater age of the Hansel soils. The clay increase in both the cambic and the argillic horizons was attributed to a combination of ill situ clay formation and illuviation. This conclusion was based on the lack of depositional discontinuities, greater ratios of fine to total clay in the B horizons, and the electron microscopic observation of discontinuous clay films in pores of the Hansel soil. The lack of visible clay films in thin section is probably the result of soil mixing by cicada and/or the prevention of translocation by carbonates. The scanning electron microscope proved to be useful in the investigation of the two soils. The similarities of the two soils were apparent from laboratory analyses and scanning microscope observations. Evidence of illuviation, which was lacking in thin section, was visible with the scanning electron microscope, thus demonstrating the potential of the microscope in classifying and interpreting soils in future investigations.

This study presents an index and qualitative analysis of the operations of the National Labor Relations Board in the State of Utah. The period of time under consideration is 1935 to 1965. The major source of information is the first 153 volumes of the Decisions and Orders of the National Labor Relations Board. The thesis is broken down into four parts. The first covers the evolution of the National Labor Relations Board. It outlines changes in the operations of the board as it developed up to 1964. The second part is an analysis of the influence exercised by the Board over employers in the conduct of their Labor-Management Relations in Utah as governed by the Wagner Act. The third section provides an outline of the Board's operations in administering the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, and the amendments added by the passage of the Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959. This is primarily an analysis of the decisions and orders issued by the Board to both employers and union representatives in Utah. The fourth section is broken down into two parts: Charges filed with the Board alleging unfair labor practices; and petitions filed with the Board requesting representation elections. No attempt has been made to analyze the representation hearings.

Snowmobiling is one of the major outdoor winter sports in Cache County, Utah. Despite its popularity, it has run into several problems, among which the most noticeable is its conflict with other winter recreationists, namely, cross-country skiers and snowshoers. In order to resolve this conflict, one must first understand more about each group involved. As such, the purpose of this research was to obtain information on the snowmobiler in Cache County, Utah. Specifically, the objectives of the study were: (1) to identify the attitudes of the snowmobiler toward leisure and the environment; (2) to identify and compare occupations, SES, and social characteristics with studies in other regions; (3) to identify and compare aspects such as when, where, and why they go snowmobiling and the areas preferred by them with studies in other regions; and (4) to identify their other leisure-time activities. To collect the data, the names of the Cache County snowmobilers were obtained from tax assessment receipts at the Cache County Courthouse. From a total list of 501 names, a sample of 250 was selected by a simple random procedure. A questionnaire composed of Burdge's Leisure Orientation Scale, an environmental orientation scale, and usage, ownership, and demographic questions was sent to the sample population with a 59 percent usable return rate. The data was then analyzed by the following SPSS programs to meet the objective of the study: marginals, t-test, and chi square. Analysis of the data revealed the following major characteristics of the Cache County, Utah snowmobilers: (1) They are typically male, married with between three and four children per family, have a high school education or above, have a median income above the median income for Utah of $9,320.00, and hold either a blue- or white-collar occupation. (2) They hold a slight preservationist orientation toward the environment. (3) They have a moderately strong leisure orientation. (4) They snowmobile primarily on weekends with friends or family with the primary area of use being the Cache National Forest. (5) The main reason for buying or still owning a snowmobile was "snowmobiling for pleasure." Upon comparison with the findings of this research with studies conducted in other regions, the conclusion is reached that the Cache County, Utah snowmobilers are much like their counterparts in other regions of the country.

The technologist needs and training requirements were determined from a selected cross-section of Utah industrial firms. The larger industries were significantly more aware of the training requirements and capabilities of four-year technologists than were the smaller firms. A significant difference was found regarding general and specialized training required by each firm. Thirteen of the 16 responding firms indicated specialized training as being most important. The 10 areas of technical training rated most critical in their order of importance were: electronics I, technical writing I, electricity, English, mathematics (calculus and above) I, machine shop I, manufacturing processes, physics, and metallurgy and design. There was no significant difference found between the wages offered by selected Utah industrial firms and the national average of comparable occupations.

The systematic status of whitefishes endemic to Bear lake, Utah-Idaho, has remained tenuous since their original description. Clarification of this problem was the major objective of the present study. The general approach was an integrated one, including examination of morphological, biochemical and ecological parameters; artificial hybrids were produced and compared with questionable groups from the natural population. Morphological analysis revealed five forms of Bear Lake whitefishes Prosopium gemmiferum (Bonneville cisco) and P. abyssicola (Bear lake whitefish) were well differentiated from other forms and were treated as originally described. The P. spilonotus (Bonneville whitefish) group, however, was found to be made up of two morphologically distinct populations, referred to as P. spilonotus (small form) and P. spilonotus (large form). The fifth group referred to as P. gemmiferum-like (represented by only five specimens) was intermediate between P. gemmiferum and either P. spilonotus (small form) or P. abyssicola and was hypothesized to be of hybrid origin. Multiple discriminant function analysis of the four major groups and P. williamsoni (mountain whitefish) (Logan River) confirmed morphological differentiation between forms. Hybridization studies among Bear Lake Prosopium and P. williamsoni involved 50 homo - and heterospecific crosses (17 combinations). Of 12 experimental hybrid combinations attempted, all those involving simultaneously ripe specimens of two groups (five crosses) showed maximum fertilization success equalling that of pure crosses. no evidence that interspecific crosses are less successful than conspecific crosses, with the possible exception of P. williamsoni ♀ x P. gemmiferum ♂ (W x G), was obtained. Culture methods were developed and morphological comparisons made. Origin of P. gemmiferum-like hybrids in the lake population was not consistently explained by morphological comparison of known P. spilonotus (small form) ♀ x P. gemmiferum ♂ (S x G) hybrids or P abyssicola ♀ x P. gemmiferum ♂ (A x G) hybrids; morphometric characters were more like S x G hybrids while meristic characters were more closely associated with A x G hybrids. Based on evidence available, no definitive statement could be made concerning the origin of P. gemmiferum-like hybrids except that they are hybrids among combinations of P. gemmiferum and either P. spilonotus (small form) or P. abyssicola. no known hybrid explained the origin of either group of P. spilonotus. Electrophoretic analysis of general proteins and several enzyme systems of various tissues showed much similarity among Bear Lake Prosopium; only P. williamsoni was totally unique. Biochemical evidence did not support or refute separate consideration of the two forms of P. spilonotus but did establish that neither were phenotypic variants of P. williamsoni. Ecological characteristics of Bear Lake Prosopium revealed important distinctions between forms. Growth histories of P. abyssicola, P. spilonotus (small form) and P. spilonotus (large form) showed pronounced differences. Distinct differences in growth and in age and size at maturity of forms of P.. spilonotus provided further evidence supporting their separate consideration. Spatial overlap of spawning activities was marked between forms of P. spilonotus and P. gemmiferum; P. abyssicola was well separated spatially. Temporally, slight overlap was observed between ripe females of one group and ripe males of the succeeding group to spawn. the only observation of the simultaneous occurrence of ripe females of two forms was between P. spilonotus (large form) and P. spilonotus (small form); in this instance, the number of ripe females of each form was extremely small. No evidence of mass hybridization among forms was observed. A combination of temporal, spatial and ethological premating isolating mechanisms are thought to be important in reproductive isolation of Bear lake whitefishes while postmating mechanisms are nonfunctional with the possible exception of hybrid sterility. Morphological and ecological analyses, combined with results of experimental hybridization, provided abundant evidence supporting separate recognition of the two forms of P,. spilonotus. Karyotypes of P. gemmiferum, P abyssicola and P. spilonotus (small form) have been determined (Booke, 1974) and are unique for each species. If the karyotype of P. spilonotus (large form) is found to also be unique, there should be no question that the two forms of P. spilonotus represent distinct species. Final clarification of the taxanomic status of these forms will not come until karyotype data is available; however, based upon present evidence, tentative recognition of a new species is recommended.

Logan Canyon is located east of Logan, Utah, in the Bear River Range. The lower part of Logan Canyon is considered that section of the canyon from its mouth upstream to Tony Grove Canyon, a distance of 22 miles, Figure 1 Some tributary canyons of the lower part of Logan Canyon have been included in this investigation because of their relationship to Logan Canyon. Grassy Flat Canyon, a south tributary of Logan Canyon 4.4 miles from Logan, exhibits several geomorphic features related to the geology of Logan Canyon. Because of its extensive use and close association with Logan Canyon, Tony Grove Canyon is also included. Tony Grove Canyon extends from Logan Canyon northwestward to the crest of the Bear River Range, a distance of about six miles. More than 20,000 feet of Paleozoic rocks ranging in age from Cambrian to Pennsylvanian are exposed in Logan Canyon . Cenozoic deposits are widespread in and near the canyon. The crest of the Bear River Range near Naomi Peak and Tony Grove Canyon was the center of glacial activity during the Pleistocene. During the glaciations of Tony Grove Canyon, Lake Bonneville extended into Logan Canyon and influenced the geomorphic development near the mouth of the canyon. Logan Canyon is vital to the economy of Cache Valley. The canyon is a large part of the Logan River watershed. Logan River passes through three hydroelectric plants in Logan Canyon and supplies culinary and irrigation water for the valley below. Animals and plants of a wide variety are abundant, providing fishing , hunting, and a harvest of forest products. U.S. highway 89 traverses the canyon and carries a large volume of traffic to points within the canyon, as well as to other areas. Logan Canyon is entirely within the Cache National Forest. Improved campsites and recreational facilities, which were used by almost 1.5 million visitors during 1963; according to the U. S. Forest Service, are located throughout the Canyon. Increased recreational and travel use of the canyon has resulted in a demand for more geologic work in this area .

Prior to 1820 the teaching profession in the United States was composed predominantly of men. However, with the opening of the American social and economic world to woman, the female teachers became more numerous, until at the close of World War II only about 6 percent of the elementary school teachers in the United States were men.

Problems that confront the farmer are varied, but one of the most important is the combination of his possible enterprises so that maximum financial return from farming is obtained. This problem has been made more important in the last decade by the severity of the agricultural price-cost squeeze.

The original purpose of this study was to examine the influences of ecological site, seeding method and planting season on rangeland seeding success within the Tooele Fire Rehabilitation Project (TFRP) in northwestern Utah. The major objective of the TFRP, designed by the USDI Bureau of Land Management, was to establish a permanent cover of 'Nordan' crested wheatgrass (Aqropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes), 'Luna' pubescent wheat grass (Thinopyrum intermedium ssp. barbulatum (Schur) Barkw. and D. R. Dewey) and 'Al kar' tall wheatqrass (Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkw. and D. R. Dewey) on approximately 20,000 ha of rangeland burned by a wildfire in July 1983. Thirteen combinations of site, method and planting season were identified within the study area; each was treated as an experimental unit. There were no significant differences (Pi0.05) in seedling densities between these treatment combinations. Means ranged from O to 1.9 seedlings/m2. There was significant variation (Pi0.05) among seedling densities within each treatment combination. Because of low seedling densities and non-uniform seedling establishment patterns, seedings within the study area were failures. Study effort was redirected to identify the causes of seeding failure. viii Among planting seasons and seeding methods, spring plantings and broadcast seeding contributed to failure. Most sites within the study area were suitable for seeding, with the exception of desert shallow loam. This site should not have been seeded because of steep topography and shallow soil. Planting during spring, broadcast seeding and the seeding of low potential sites explained only localized failure, however. The absence of crested wheatgrass seedlings within the study area was a major factor contributing to failure. Only two crested wheatgrass plants were found on a total of 195 permanently established transects. Of the three species seeded, crested wheatgrass was the best adapted to site conditions. Seeding technique was considered the most important factor causing failure. Contract workers on the project had no rangeland seeding experience. Drills were not properly equipped to control seed placement at the proper soil depth. Seeding was done during periods when site conditions were unfavorable. There was no evidence suggesting weather, grasshopper damage or cheatgrass competition caused failure.