The Utah State University has had a university controlled elementary teacher education laboratory school since 1928. In that year, the University, then the Utah Agricultural College, leased the Whittier School from the Logan City Board of Education. The Whittier continued to be used until the summer of 1957 when the newly constructed Edith Bowen Laboratory School became the center of elementary teacher education.

Student. understanding and use of tobacco was studied under the following specific areas: specific knowledge as it relates to smoking and health; student opinions and attitudes toward smoking; smoking experience; and the influence of certain factors on smoking status. About 1155 students were sampled with the use of a questionnaire. It was found that there was no significant difference in the scores of boys and girls. The senior high students were better informed than the ninth grade or junior high students. The majority (81 percent) of all students surveyed were of the opinion that the pleasure derived from smoking was not worth the price a person has to pay in terms of health and expense. Five percent of the students indicated that their mothers smoked, and 69 percent indicated that their parents did not approve of their smoking. There were 6 percent of the students who smoked regularly (at least once a week) with another 34 percent smoking occasionally. The ninth grade percentage wise, smoke heavier (one-half pack or more daily) than any of the other groups.

This thesis traces the growth and development of the Division of Technology at the Utah State Agricultural College from 1890, when the first mechanic arts classes were taught as part of the offering in Mechanical Engineering, to the present, covering as thoroughly as possible from the source material available, the chain of events out of which the present expansive and complex program has evolved. The intention here is not merely to itemize the steps in this development, but wherever possible to investigate the influences involved; also, to give some attention to the industrial, education, and war-time needs that have created a demand for competently trained industrial personnel--needs which have been met by a constantly expanding educational and training program. Since no comprehensive data are available on the development of what has now become a major division of the college, and since the nee for such information will be felt by anyone making a future study of the growth of the division, it is hoped that this thesis will be useful. Thus, an intent of secondary importance is that the data made available here will prove useful to even more comprehensive studies. It is also hoped that the study may have some human interest as a sidelight on the history of the college. Because the development of the industrial work at the college has been such a concrete symbol of the growth of the institution as a whole, and because the work shows so well the constant effort made over the years to keep the offerings of the school on as pragmatic a basis as possible, the author has felt that rather complete and accurate record of this progress should be made. One of the principle reasons for writing this thesis has been to give a comprehensive survey of the illuminating growth of the industrial work and its contribution to the educational offering of the college. It is hoped that the planning of the future course of the Division of Technology will be aided by a closer understanding of what has been accomplished in the past. It appears obvious to the author that such an understanding will also make the importance of the work that has been done readily apparent to anyone. A branch of education that has expanded so rapidly, often ingeniously, to keep pace with the needs of our modern industrial period readily justifies the recording of its own history. Finally, such a record can hardly fail to be an inspiration to anyone connected with the work or to anyone with an appreciation for demonstrable values and accomplishments.

In Utah all water, both on or below the ground surface, is considered public property. The right to use water is obtained by fellowing certain subsiding procedures of appropriation through the office of the State Engineer. Any right to the use of water may be changed to some other beneficial use with the approval of the State Engineer; however, there must be no interference with other rights, unless proper compensation has been made. Agriculture still uses most of the available water in Utah; However, farmers' needs for water are not exactly the same. When allocation per acre is the same among farmers, water soon comes to have different values. Unless some mechanism arises to permit transfer of water, misallocation results. the Cache Valley area was chosen to illustrate the Misallocation problem. Input-output data which the Bureau of Reclamation used in their feasibility report on the Cache County area of the Oneida project were analyzed to determine the value of residual water. All factors of production except water, such as land, capital, seed, fertilizer, fuel, labor, and repairs were calculated at their market prices. These were subtracted form the value of a unit of product and the residual value was then imputed to water as one estimate of its value. Varying farm sizes and different cropping practices were studied to show the effect these variables had on water values. Agricultural water users on the Logan River distribution system were interviewed to find the value of water rentals and water-right sales. The water-right prices quoted by farmers and irrigation company officials were stated in terms of dollars per share. Since a share delivers varying quantities of water along the complete river system the "right" values were converted to vale per acre-foot. local customs, existing water laws and past court decisions were examined to ascertain their role in water transfer. The principle of equal marginal value was applied to Logan River water supplies. Marginal value in use reflects the amount in dollars which consumers would be willing to pay for the last unit of water consumed. In a perfectly competitive rental market the price of water reflects the value of the marginal product. A brief historical sketch of the Bear Lake system and the irrigation companies making up the Logan River distribution system is given. The water rights of the individual companies are listed and a brief resumé of water-right laws and administration is supplied. legal decrees and litigations relative to irrigation supplies, power requirements and urban use, vis. The Call and Kimball and Logan City vs Water Users (1963) decrees are discussed. The effect these decisions have on water use in Cache Valley is noted.

Of all the States in the Union, certainly no other underwent the trials and tribulations that Utah expertenced in her quest for admission. Faced with controversy dealing with geopolitical and theological problems, the struggle occupied the second half of the Nineteenth Century. Utah's initial quest for statehood suffered from that dilemma of almost all the Western territories, insufficient population. When Utah numbers increased sufficiently, the official pronouncment of "polygamy" as a basic tenet of the Mormon Church, the dominant religion in the Territory, alienated many, the East especially, as being contrary to our western Anglo-Saxon heritage. Utah, looked upon with suspicion by the rest of the nation, was doomed in the early seeking of admission. The problem of entering the Union was further complicated by the tug-of-war that each new area experienced as the North and the South struggled over the "free or slave" issue. From the middle 1850's, Utah's denial of recognition centered around the problem of "polygamy," the refusal of the leaders of the predominantly Mormon population to consider at any great length any revision of their theological beliefs, which they coupled to Constitutional protection, together with the firm insistence of the Federal legislators that the practice be abolished made the struggle bitter and drawn out, as each refused to yield. The territorial constitutional conventions were of "rubber-stamp" nature until the 1870's, when the general influx of non-Mormons forced a small but continuing change of attitude. The sentiment of the 1850's and 1860's was such as to refuse to even voice the issue of "polygamy," seeming to mask the problem with the air that it is our own personal business, and no concern of theirs. The refusal to face the political actualities of the times extended over innumerable memorials, and five statehood conventions, concluding in a surrender to the ever-rising trend of Federal supremacy over local issues with the final achievement of Statehood in 1896. Utah's first steps towards civil government, the organization of the "State of Deseret," have been examined by Mr. Dale Morgan in his thorough "History of the Stat of Deseret," as well as in several Master's theses and Ph.D. dissertations. The history of Utah's territorial statehood conventions have just been mentioned in passing. It is my purpose to examine each territorial convention beginning with a summary of the initial stage in 1849 and to examine in detail the territorial stages starting in 1856 nd nding in 1895, to compare the resultant constitutions that emerged from each, and to show the influence that forced the gradual surrender of a people to Federal supremacy and "popular" insistence.

Inasmuch as this study is concerned primarily with state school administration and an educational survey concerned with administration, it appears proper to devote some attention to the evolution of these two things. The first consideration will be given to the development of state educational administration. When grants were made by congress to the various states for educational purposes, the responsibilities of administration went to the states. The state administrative systems evolved as a natural process. Cubberley traces this development from the time the boards consisted of ex officio state officers entirely, through the time when school men were ex officio members, on to the time when most obards were a combination of the two types, and finally shows the transition to the lay-appointive boards now approved in theory if not entirely in practice. It is the purpose of the writer of this study to determine, as may be possible, changes have taken place regarding certain aspects of state educational administration in Utah as viewed in terms of the recommendations made in 1926 by the survey staff. The attempt will be made not only to determine the changes as evidenced by the status of educational administration at present but also to trace changes that have been made during the period concerned. When no changes have been made, such facts will be shown. There is no intention to attempt to cover all phases of the original survey, because of the practical impossibility of doing so. It is intended that effort shall be directed toward that part of the survey which is concerned with administration by the state as governed by constitutional provisions, legislation, state board rulings, and opinions of the attorny general. Specifically, it is intended to relate the four factors mentioned above to changes which have come in the status and functions of the following: 1. State Board of Education, 2. State Superintendent of Public Insturction, 3. State Department of Education, 4. Financial equalization. It is not intended to attempt to show that changes have been made as a result of the recommendations made in 1926; rather it is intended to indicated the changes that have or have not been made in terms of the recomendations that were made by the survey staff.

With increasing pressure on economical production of crops, more fertilizers are being applied to the soil each year to increase crop yields. Economical production of crops with applications of fertilizer requires an evaluation of the essential elements of the various crops so applications of fertilizer will not exceed the law of diminishing returns. Because varying soil, moisture, and climatic conditions influence the response to added fertilizers, some workers (18, 26, 38) have contended that the only reliable way of determining the fertilization needs of a crop is to conduct a trial on the particular farm. The length of time involved to determine the fertilizer requirements of a crop, along with the fact that climatic conditions change, limits the value of this method. With observation type trials, yield increases are easily over-looked and the expense involved in conducting a properly designed trial is beyond the scope of the farmers.

Recorded "arms length" transfers of farm real estate were analyzed to determine factors affecting market value and assessment per acre, and assessment to market value ratios. The data were aggregated by county and geographical groups. The geographical groups were made up of counties with similar population densities and similar climatic conditions. Using multiple regression analysis and tabular analysis, size of parcel, quality of land, and distance to Salt Lake City were found to affect market value per acre; size of parcel and quality of land were found to affect assessment and assessment to market value ratios.

Fertilizer, feed and machinery dealers we re interviewed to obtain the extent of the services which they provided to farmers in Cache County. One machinery dealer provided a service in the form of a rental program while all others provided none. Fertilizer dealers provided spreaders while feed dealers provided only a delivery service. The Farm Service Division of the Amalgamated Sugar Company was examined as a case study. Budgets for different sizes of beet growers were formulated and compared to evaluate the services provided. It was determined that the farmers in the 0-10 acre category received a net return per acre of $107.36 while the farmers in the over 40 acre category who did not use the service received a net return per acre of $105.00. It was deduced that the Farm Service Division was a benefit to the smaller farmers. Problems which the farmers encountered with the services were discussed, and a theoretical model of the services was presented. Recommendations were given for improvements in the services.

This study presented data gathered from Utah school counselors about demographic information, counseling and guidance programs in Utah, certification requirements, future personnel needs, quality and appropriateness of training programs, philosophy of public schools, and needs and/or concerns. A questionnaire was used to collect data from ~50 school counselors employed in the State of Utah. Utah school counselors were found to be primarily Caucasians over the age of 36 years. The majority of counselors in Utah were employed in secondary schools. Caseloads for secondary school counselors ranged from 300 to 600 students per counselor, and caseloads for elementary school counselors ranged from 900 to in excess of 1200 students per counselor. The critical shortage of counselors has justified the employment of noncertified counselors in the elementary schools. On a scale from excellent to poor the majority of school counselors described their school counselor preparation programs as adequate to good. Counselors would like to see the adoption of a comprehensive school counseling and guidance program with the complete support of administrators and school district personnel. Secondary and elementary school counselors were concerned with the community's perception of their duties as clerical and administrative. Young people and minorities should be encouraged to enter the school counseling field, filling the critical shortage need. School counselor preparation programs should be flexible enough to work with teachers and/or interested parties who currently work full time but would like to enter counselor training programs.