Les inégalités de participation au dépistage du cancer du col de l’utérus (CCU) sont multifactorielles et la prévention primaire du CCU par la vaccination contre les papillomavirus humains (HPV) oncogènes pourrait présenter des similarités. Médecin de premier recours de l’ensemble de la population, le médecin généraliste (MG) pourrait avoir une place importante dans la limitation de ces inégalités et nous voulions l’explorer avant l’implémentation du dépistage organisé national français (DONF) du CCU.La comparaison des données de remboursement de deux départements français dont l’un participait à l’expérimentation de dépistage organisé, a mis en évidence une participation au dépistage plus importante dans le département d’expérimentation. Le gradient de participation diminuant avec l’augmentation du niveau de défavorisation était plus fort dans le département d’expérimentation, et plus encore en milieu rural. Nos données ne nous ont pas permis d’explorer ces aspects pour la vaccination contre les HPV.Interrogés sur leurs préférences pour limiter ces inégalités dans le cadre du DONF, gynécologues et MG étaient favorables au ciblage des femmes non dépistées, par invitations centralisées impliquant le médecin traitant déclaré ou en leur fournissant la liste des femmes non dépistées de leur patientèle. Le ciblage des femmes de plus de 50 ans ou défavorisées, de même que les autoprélèvements de dépistage des HPV, étaient rejetés par les praticiens.L’ensemble de nos travaux confirmaient l’importance d’un universalisme proportionné lors de l’implémentation du DONF. L’adhésion des praticiens, dont les MG, nécessitera une information sur la motivation des mesures proposées. / Unequal participation in uterine cervical cancer screening (UCC) is multifactorial and primary prevention of UCC by vaccination against oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) may have similarities. As primary care physicians for the overall population, general practitioners (GPs) could be a major contributor in limiting these inequalities. We aimed to explore these contributions before the implementation of the French national organized screening (FNOS) of UCC.The comparison of reimbursement data from two French departments, one of which experimented a regional organized screening, revealed a greater participation in screening in the experimental department. The participation gradient decreasing with the increase of deprivation was stronger in the experimental department, and moreover in rural areas. Our data did not allow us to explore these aspects for HPV vaccination.Asked about their preferences to limit these inequalities when implementing the FNOS, gynecologists and GPs were in favour of targeting unscreened women, by centralized invitations involving the declared attending physician, or by providing them with a list of unscreened women among their patients. Targeting women over 50 years old or deprived women, as well as HPV self-sampling, were options rejected by practitioners.Our results confirmed the importance of a proportionate universalism when implementing the FNOS. The involvement of practitioners, including GPs, will require information on the rational of the proposed measures.

Kiso H, Takahashi K, Saito K, Togo Y, Tsukamoto H, et al. (2014) Interactions between BMP-7 and USAG-1 (Uterine Sensitization-Associated Gene-1) Regulate Supernumerary Organ Formations. PLoS ONE 9(5): e96938. / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18545号 / 医博第3938号 / 新制||医||1006(附属図書館) / 31445 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 斎藤 通紀, 教授 戸口田 淳也, 教授 妻木 範行 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Introduction: Actually 0.7-1 percent of all deliveries can be followed by secondary uterine bleeding. There is a residual trophoblastic tissue diagnosed in most of these cases and it is often managed by repeat intrauterine interventions. These operations are connected with high risk of formation of intrauterine adhesions and their early diagnosis and management can be important for next fertility. Material and methods: There were generally 188 patients included into the study. All patients underwent ultrasound examination in 6 weeks after delivery and ambulant hysteroscopy after next 2 months without anesthesia. Described intrauterine pathologies (residual tissue and adhesions) were managed in one step. Results: In cases with suspect ultrasound finding, the retained trophoblastic tissue was diagnosed by hysteroscopy in 66 percent vs. in 96 percent with sensitivity 85 percent and specificity 85 percent. Patients with intrauterine adhesions had normal ultrasound finding in 74 percent and it did not recognized patients with severe adhesions in 94 percent. Clinical signs had generally 72 percent of patients with diagnosed left residual tissue. Number of severe residual tissue is increasing with delay of instrumental evacuation from delivery (10 vs. 30 percent). When is necessary to repeat the operation...

Bakgrund I majoriteten av länderna världen över klassas livmoderhalscancer som den näst vanligaste eller den vanligaste cancerdiagnosen hos kvinnor. Sjukdomen som till största del orsakas av ihållande infektioner med humant papillomvirus (HPV) kan bilda cellförändringar som senare utvecklar cancertumörer i livmoderhalsen. Aggressiva behandlingsformer i olika kombinationer sätts in och ger vanligen en rad olika biverkningar som påverkar kvinnorna på olika sätt. Ett sjukdomslidande är ett lidande som orsakas av sjukdomen i sig samt dess behandlingar. Kvinnor som får livmoderhalscancer har därav en ökad tendens till att uppleva ett lidande.  Syfte Syftet med studien var att belysa kvinnors erfarenheter och upplevelser av att leva med livmoderhalscancer.  Metod En icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt tillämpades och författarna baserade resultatet på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvantitativ samt kvalitativ design. Via databaserna Public Medline (PubMed) samt Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health literature (CINAHL) inhämtades artiklarna med hjälp av olika sökkombinationer. Artiklarna som inkluderades i studien kvalitetsgranskades utifrån bedömningsunderlaget framtaget av Sophiahemmet högskola. Därefter genomfördes en integrerad dataanalys där artiklarna till resultatdelen sorterades in i kategorier och underkategorier, genom detta utformades fyra huvudrubriker med tillhörande underrubriker.  Resultat I litteraturöversiktens resultat beskrivs hur kvinnor upplever livmoderhalscancer. I resultatet framkommer det att beskedet om diagnosen, genomförandet av behandling samt dess biverkningar påverkat majoriteten av kvinnornas fysiska, psykiska och sexuella förmåga. I resultatet framkommer det även att majoriteten av kvinnorna som lever med sjukdomen upplever en förändrad vardag med anledning av detta.  Slutsats Litteraturöversiktens resultat visar sammanfattningsvis att upplevelsen av livmoderhalscancer är varierande hos kvinnor, framför allt på grund av val av behandlingsmetod. Det framgår i resultatet att lidandet hos kvinnor är tydligt inom flertalet områden. Kvinnor upplever fysiska och psykiska hinder i livet både under och efter att ha diagnostiserats med livmoderhalscancer. / Background In the majority of countries around the world, cervical cancer is classified as the second most common or the most common cancer diagnosis in women. The disease, which is largely caused by persistent infections with human papillomavirus (HPV), can form cell changes that later develop cancerous tumors in the cervix. Aggressive forms of treatment in different combinations are used and usually cause a number of different side effects that affect women in different ways. The suffering of illness is a suffering caused by the disease itself and its treatments. Women who get cervical cancer therefore have an increased tendency to experience suffering.  Aim The purpose of this study was to illustrate women's experiences of living with cervical cancer.  Method A non-systematic literature overview was applied and the authors based their results from 15 scientific articles with quantitative and qualitative design. The articles are collected from the databases Public Medline (PubMed) and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allies Health Literature (CINAHL), using different search combinations. The articles included in the study has been quality audited based on the assessment data produced by Sophiahemmet Högskola. Thereafter, an integrated data analysis was carried out where the articles were sorted into categories, and under categories, through this, four main headings with associated subheadings were designed.  Results In the result of the literature overview, it is described how women experience cervical cancer. The results show that the information about the diagnosis, the implementation of treatment and its side effects affected the majority of the women's physical, mental and sexual abilities. The results also show that the majority of women living with the disease experience a changed everyday life due to this.  Conclusions In summary, the result of the literature overview show that the experience of cervical cancer varies in women, mainly due to the choice of treatment method. The results show a clear suffering of women and in many areas. Women experience physical and mental barriers in life both during and after being diagnosed with cervical cancer.

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OBJECTIF: évaluer un modèle prédictif de prééclampsie associant des marqueurs cliniques, biologiques (Inhibine A, PP-13, hCG, ADAM12, PAPP-A et PlGF) et du Doppler des artères utérines (DAU) au 1er trimestre de la grossesse. METHODE : étude prospective de cohorte de 893 nullipares chez qui DAU et prélèvement sanguin étaient réalisés à 11-14 semaines. RESULTATS : 40 grossesses se sont compliquées de prééclampsie (4,5%) dont 9 de prééclampsie précoce (1,0%) et 16 de prééclampsie sévère (1,8%). Le meilleur modèle prédictif de la prééclampsie sévère associait les marqueurs cliniques, PAPP-A et PlGF (taux de détection 87,5% pour 10% de faux positif). Le DAU étant corrélé à la concentration de PAPP-A (r=-0,117 ; p<0,001), il n’améliorait pas la modélisation. CONCLUSION : la combinaison de marqueurs cliniques et biologiques (PlGF et PAPP-A) au 1er trimestre permet un dépistage performant de la prééclampsie sévère. Le DAU n’est pas un instrument efficace de dépistage au 1er trimestre dans cette population. / OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of combined screening for pregnancy hypertensive disorders by maternal characteristics, first trimester uterine artery Doppler (UAD) and serum biomarkers (Inhibine A, PP-13, hCG, ADAM12, PAPP-A et PlGF). STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective cohort study, 893 nulliparous women had UAD evaluation and collection of serum sample at 11-14 weeks. RESULTS: 40 women developed preeclampsia (4.5%) of which 9 early-onset preeclampsia (1.0%), and 16 severe preeclampsia (1.8%). The best model to predict preeclampsia associated maternal charateristics, PAPP-A and PlGF (detection rate 87.5% for 10% of false positive). UAD was correlated to PAPP-A concentration (r=-0.117 ; p<0.001), and so did not add to predictive accuracy. CONCLUSION: Combination of maternal characteristics and first trimester PlGF and PAPP-A provides a useful screening for severe preeclampsia. First trimester UAD was not an efficient screening tool in this population.

La grossesse est un état physiologique particulier où de nombreux changements fonctionnels et structuraux surviennent. Chez la rate, pour répondre aux besoins grandissants du fœtus, l’artère utérine se développe pour atteindre le double de son diamètre original avant parturition. Par conséquent, le débit sanguin utérin augmente d’environ vingt fois. Pour ce faire, les vaisseaux utérins sont l’objet d’un remodelage caractérisé par une hypertrophie et une hyperplasie des différentes composantes de la paroi. De plus, ce remodelage est complètement réversible après la parturition, par opposition au remodelage vasculaire « pathologique » qui affecte les artères systémiques, dans l’hypertension chronique, par exemple. La grossesse s’accompagne aussi de modifications hormonales importantes, comme les œstrogènes dont la concentration s’accroît progressivement au cours de cette période. Elle atteindra une concentration trois cents fois plus élevée avant terme que chez une femme non gravide. Cette hormone possède de multiples fonctions, ainsi qu’un mode d’action à la fois génomique et non génomique. Considérant l’ensemble de ces éléments, nous avons formulé l’hypothèse que l’œstradiol serait responsable de modifier la circulation utérine durant la grossesse, par son action vasorelaxante, mais aussi en influençant le remodelage de la vasculature utérine. Nous avons montré que le 17β-Estradiol (17β-E2) produit une relaxation due à un effet non génomique des artères utérines en agissant directement sur le muscle lisse par un mécanisme indépendant du monoxyde d’azote et des récepteurs classiques aux œstrogènes (ERα, ERβ). De plus, la relaxation induite par le 17β-E2 dans l’artère utérine durant la gestation est réduite par rapport à celle des artères des rates non gestantes. Ceci serait attribuable à une diminution de monoxyde d’azote provenant de la synthase de NO neuronale dans les muscles lisses des artères utérines. Nos résultats démontrent que le récepteur à l’œstrogène couplé aux protéines G (GPER), la protéine kinase A (PKA) et la protéine kinase G (PKG) ne sont pas impliqués dans la signalisation intracellulaire associée à l’effet vasorelaxant induit par le 17β-E2. Cependant, nous avons montré une implication probable des canaux potassiques sensibles au voltage, ainsi qu’un rôle possible des canaux potassiques de grande conductance activés par le potentiel et le calcium (BKCa). En effet, le penitrem A, un antagoniste présumé des canaux potassiques à grande conductance, réduit la réponse vasoralaxante du 17β-E2. Toutefois, une autre action du penitrem A n’est pas exclue, car l’ibériotoxine, reconnue pour inhiber les mêmes canaux, n’a pas d’effet sur cette relaxation. Quoi qu’il en soit, d’autres études sont nécessaires pour obtenir une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes impliqués dans la relaxation non génomique sur le muscle lisse des artères utérines. Quant à l’implication de l’œstrogène sur le remodelage des artères utérines durant la gestation, nous avons tenté d’inhiber la synthèse d’œstrogènes durant la gestation en utilisant un inhibiteur de l’aromatase. Plusieurs paramètres ont été évalués (paramètres sanguins, réactivité vasculaire, pression artérielle) sans changements significatifs entre le groupe contrôle et celui traité avec l’inhibiteur. Le même constat a été fait pour le dosage plasmatique de l’œstradiol, ce qui suggère l’inefficacité du blocage de l’aromatase dans ces expériences. Ainsi, notre protocole expérimental n’a pas réussi à inhiber la synthèse d’œstrogène durant la grossesse chez le rat et, ce faisant, nous n’avons pas pu vérifier notre hypothèse. En conclusion, nous avons démontré que le 17β-E2 agit de façon non génomique sur les muscles lisses des artères utérines qui implique une action sur les canaux potassiques de la membrane cellulaire. Toutefois, notre protocole expérimental n’a pas été en mesure d’évaluer les effets génomiques associés au remodelage vasculaire utérin durant la gestation et d’autres études devront être effectuées. / Pregnancy is a peculiar physiological state in which many structural and functional changes occur. In rats, to meet the growing needs of the fetus, uterine artery expands to reach twice its original diameter before parturition. Therefore, uterine blood flow increases by about twenty times. To do this, the uterine vessels undergo substantial remodelling characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the various components of the wall. Furthermore, this remodelling is completely reversible after parturition, as opposed to “pathological vascular remodelling” that affects systemic arteries in chronic hypertension, for instance. Pregnancy is also accompanied by significant hormonal changes, such as estrogens whose concentration in the blood increases progressively during this period. It reaches concentrations three hundred times higher before term than in non-pregnant women. This hormone has multiple functions and mediates its effects by genomic and non-genomic pathways. Considering these elements, we hypothesized that estradiol would be responsible for remodeling the uterine circulation during pregnancy, by its vasorelaxant action, but also by influencing the remodeling of the uterine vasculature. We have shown that 17β-Estradiol (17β-E2) produced non-genomic relaxation of uterine arteries by acting directly on smooth muscle using a mechanism independent of nitric oxide and classical estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ). Moreover, the relaxation induced by 17β-E2 in the uterine artery during pregnancy is reduced compared to that of arteries from non-pregnant animals. This is the result of decrease of nitric oxide derived from neuronal NO synthase in smooth muscle of uterine arteries. Our results also show that the estrogen receptor coupled to G proteins (GPER), protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase G (PKG) are NOT involved in intracellular signaling associated with the vasorelaxant effect induced by the 17β-E2. Moreover, we have shown a possible involvement of potassium channels sensitive to voltage and a possible involvement of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa). Indeed, the penitrem A, a suspected antagonist of BKCa, reduced the vasoralaxant responses of 17β-E2. However, some other actions of penitrem A are not excluded because iberiotoxin, known to inhibit the same channels, had no effect on this relaxation. However, further studies are needed to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the relaxation non-genomics on the smooth muscle of uterine arteries. As for the involvement of estrogen on the remodeling of uterine arteries during pregnancy, we attempted to inhibit the synthesis of estrogen during pregnancy using an aromatase inhibitor. Several parameters were evaluated (plasma values, vascular reactivity, blood pressure) without significant changes between the control group and those treated with the inhibitor. The same observation was made for the determination of plasma estradiol, suggesting the uneffectiveness of aromatase blocking in these experiments. Thus, our experimental protocol failed to inhibit the synthesis of estrogen in rats during pregnancy and, in so doing, we cannot confirm or refute our hypothesis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that 17β-E2 acts on smooth muscle of the uterine arteries by a non-genomic pathway by apparently acting on potassium channels. However, our experimental protocol was not able to assess the genomic effects associated with uterine vascular remodeling during pregnancy and further studies are required to ascertain this aspect of our work.

INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento padrão do câncer do colo uterino é a histerectomia radical para doença inicial e quimio-radioterapia para doença avançada. A radioterapia após a histerectomia radical tem impacto em ganho de sobrevida caso hajam fatores de risco histopatológicos para recidiva. Portanto, a busca de marcadores preditores de radiossensibilidade torna-se importante para a individualização do planejamento terapêutico. O HER-2/ErbB-2 faz parte da família de proteínas ErbB que formam um grupo de receptores de membrana e tem um papel crítico no controle de diversas funções celulares básicas como diferenciação, proliferação, migração e sobrevida celular. A ação do NF-B na carcinogênese pode ocorrer através da regulação da apoptose e controle do ciclo celular. Para ativação do NF-B é necessário a enzima quinase IKK e a atividade do NF-B foi relacionada com resistência tumoral a quimioterapia e radioterapia. A via PI3K/Akt mediada pela hiperexpressão de HER-2 pode estar envolvida na ativação do NF-B. Os objetivos foram: a) avaliar os padrões de expressão imunoistoquímica de HER-2, NF-B-p65, NF-B-p50 e IKK em pacientes portadores de câncer do colo uterino submetidos à radioterapia; b) avaliar o status do gene HER2 através de FISH; c) avaliar o papel da expressão imunoistoquímica de NF-B-p65, NF-B-p50, IKK e HER-2 como fator prognóstico para sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo que avaliou uma série de 32 pacientes portadores de câncer do colo do útero submetidos a tratamento com radioterapia seguido de histerectomia no período de janeiro de 1992 a junho de 2001. RESULTADOS: A idade mediana foi 45 anos (22-67). Um paciente apresentava-se no estádio IB2 (FIGO) e 31 (96,9%) estádio IIB. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à teleterapia e braquiterapia com alta taxa de dose com caráter neoadjuvante à histerectomia radical (HR). Dezesseis (50%) pacientes apresentaram doença residual após radioterapia. O tempo de seguimento mediano foi de 73,5 meses. A sobrevida global da amostra foi de 66,5% em 5 anos. As expressões imunoistoquímicas de NF-B-p65 e NF-B-p50 em citoplasma nos tumores primários foram encontradas em respectivamente 90,6% e 96,9% dos casos. As expressões de NF-B-p65 e NF-B-p50 em núcleo nos tumores primários 59,4% dos casos em ambos. As expressões de NF-B-p65 e NF-B-p50 em citoplasma nos tumores residuais após tratamento com radioterapia foram encontradas 50% dos casos em ambos. A expressão em núcleo de NF-B-p50 nos tumores residuais após tratamento com radioterapia foi encontrada em 75% dos casos. Não houve expressão em núcleo de NF-B-p65 nos tumores residuais. A expressão imunoistoquímica de HER-2 nos tumores primários foi de encontrada em 21,9% dos casos. Não houve expressão imunoistoquímica de HER-2 nos tumores residuais do colo uterino. A amplificação gênica de HER-2 nos tumores primários foi encontrada em 1 (3,1%) caso. Não houve expressão imunoistoquímica de IKK nos tumores primários ou residuais. As expressões imunoistoquímicas de HER-2, NF-B-p65 e NF-B-p50 não se correlacionaram com a resposta ao tratamento radioterápico pré-operatório. As expressões imunoistoquímicas positivas de NF-B-p65, NF-B-p50, IKK e HER-2 não se associaram a piores taxas de sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos dados sugerem que as expressões imunoistoquímicas de NF-B e HER-2 não são capazes de predizer resposta à radioterapia e não estão relacionadas com pior prognóstico. O NF-B parece ser constitutivamente ativado no câncer do colo uterino / INTRODUCTION: The standard treatment of early cervical cancer is radical hysterectomy and concomitant radiation therapy and chemotherapy for advanced stages. After radical hysterectomy, adjuvant radiation therapy is indicated if risk factors are present. HER-2 is part of protein membrane family that has a critical role in cellular differentiation, proliferation and survival. The NF-B regulates apoptosis, cellular cycle, adhesion and cellular migration. NF-B is activated by IKK kinase. NF-B activation is related to resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The overexpression of HER-2 may activate the NF-B pathway through PI3K/Akt. Our aims were: a) analyze the immunohistochemical expression of HER-2, NF-B-p50, NF-B-p65 and IKK in patients with cervical cancer treated with radiation therapy followed by radical hysterectomy; b) analyze the HER-2 amplification gene with FISH; c) evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of HER-2, NF-B-p50, NF- B-p65 and IKK as a prognostic factor to recurrence and death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carries out on 32 patients with cervical cancer submitted to radical hysterectomy after neoadjuvant radiotherapy from January 1992 to June 2001. RESULTS: The median age was 45 years (22-67). One patient was stage IB2 (FIGO) and 31 IIB (96,9%). All patients received external beam radiotherapy and high dose vaginal brachytherapy. Sixteen (50%) patients had residual pathological disease after radical hysterectomy. Median follow-up time was 73.5 months and overall 5-year survival was 66.5%. Immunohistochemical cytoplasmic expression of NF-B-p65 e NF-B-p50 before radiotherapy was found in respectively 90.6% and 96.9% of cases. Immunohistochemical nuclear expression of NF-B-p65 and NF-B-p50 before radiotherapy was found in both 59.4% of cases. Immunohistochemical cytoplasmic expression of NF-B-p65 and NF-B-p50 in the residual tumors after radiotherapy was found in both 50% of cases. Immunohistochemical nuclear expression of NF-B-p50 in the residual tumors was found in 75% of cases. There was no nuclear expression of NF-B-p65 in the residual tumors. Immunohistochemical expression of HER-2 was found in 21.9% of cases. However, gene amplification was found in one case (3.1%). There was no expression of IKK in neither primary nor residual tumors. HER-2 and NF-B were not correlated to the risk of residual tumor after radiotherapy. Immunohistochemical expression of HER-2 and NF-B were not correlated to risk of recurrence or death. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that NF-kB is constitutively activated in advanced cervical cancer. NF-kB and HER-2 may not predict response to radiotherapy and do not correlate to poor outcome

Introdução/Objetivos: Anualmente são estimados cerca de 16.000 novos casos de câncer de colo do útero no Brasil. As novas tecnologias podem levar a uma redução deste número, permitindo não só uma expansão da população abrangida pelo rastreio, mas também melhorando a taxa de detecção de lesões precursoras. Casuística e Métodos: Mulheres com idade entre 12 e 90 anos provenientes de duas regiões da cidade de São Paulo, rotineiramente realizando seus exames citopatológicos e histopatológicos com a FOSP, foram recrutadas para este estudo no período de dezembro de 2014 até março de 2016, totalizando 15.991 amostras. As amostras foram transportadas para a FOSP onde foram submetidas paralelamente ao teste Onclarity para DNA de HPV de alto risco (HrHPV) e citologia em base líquida (LBC), ambos produtos da empresa BD (Becton-Dickinson, EUA). O ensaio BD Onclarity® HPV detecta 14 genótipos de alto risco, com identificação individual dos tipos 16, 18, 31, 45, 51, 52 e os demais tipos em três grupos distintos: P1 (HPVs 33, 58); P2 (HPVs 56, 59, 66) e P3 (HPVs 35,39,68). Mulheres com resultado citológico ASC-US ou superior e/ou positivas para HrHPV foram encaminhadas para a colposcopia e eventual biópsia a critério médico. Resultados: Entre as 15.991 amostras analisadas, 15.945 (99,7%) foram satisfatórias para a citologia, destas 7,2% (1.152/15.945) apresentaram alguma anormalidade e foram classificadas como positivas, da seguinte forma: ASC-US 546 (3,4%); ASC-H 119 (0,7%); LSIL 392 (2,5%); HSIL 87 (0,5%), dois casos (0,01%) de CEC e seis (0,04%) de AGC. O teste molecular para a pesquisa do HrHPV mostrou 2.398 (15 %) amostras positivas. O DNA do HPV foi detectado em 12,1% das citologias classificadas como negativas, em 31,1% dos casos de ASC-US; 58,8% de ASC-H; 73,2% de LSIL; 87,4% dos casos de HSIL, nas duas amostras classificadas como CEC e em 16,7% das AGC. Os tipos de HPVs mais frequentes foram representados pelo grupo P3 em 3,8% das amostras seguidos do grupo P2 em 3,6%; HPV 16 (3,2%); HPV 52 (2,4%); grupo P1 (2,3%); HPV 31 (1,9%); HPV 51 (1,4%); HPV 18 (1,2%) e HPV 45 (0,9%). Pelo protocolo, 2.309 (14,4%) amostras foram encaminhadas para a colposcopia e destas 1.287 (55,7%) realizaram o procedimento. Trezentos e trinta e quatro foram biopsiadas, revelando 147 (44%) resultados histopatológicos alterados, distribuídos da seguinte forma: 75 (51%) casos de NIC 1; 59 (40,1%) de NIC 2; sete (4,8%) de NIC 3; dois (1,4%) de Carcinomas in situ; dois (1,4%) de Carcinomas epidermóides invasivos (CEC) e dois (1,4%) de Adenocarcinomas. O DNA do HPV foi detectado em 98,6% (71/72) dos casos de NIC 2+, destes, 18 apresentaram citologias negativas, incluindo um adenocarcinoma. Entre os casos de NIC 3+ (N=13), o HrHPV foi detectado em 100% sendo o HPV 16 o mais frequente, presente em 53,8% (7/13) enquanto a citologia foi negativa em dois destes. Conclusões: O teste de DNA do HPV detectou um número significativo de pacientes com lesões pré-malignas não detectadas por citologia. Ainda, a citologia forneceu uma classificação que de acordo com o algoritmo atual, atrasaria a detecção de NIC2 + devido a adição de um ciclo de citologia repetida em 6 meses - 1 ano. Se for adotado o rastreamento por DNA do HPV, de modo a evitar um aumento na demanda de exames colposcópicos, será muito importante adicionar um marcador de valor preditivo positivo elevado às amostras HrHPV+ antes de referir à colposcopia. O limite inferior de idade de 30 anos para o rastreamento baseado em HPV empregado na Europa provavelmente não é ideal para o Brasil, onde não é incomum observar-se mulheres jovens com NIC 2 +. As taxas de NICs verificadas permitiram uma avaliação robusta dos ensaios, algoritmos e estratégias de gestão. O uso da genotipagem 16/18 e triagem citológica para os demais HrHPVs forneceu um equilíbrio entre sensibilidade e especificidade, número de testes e colposcopias requeridas para detecção de NIC 2+, e pode ser uma alternativa de uso combinado dos dois testes. A implantação na rede pública é viável mas deve ser previamente analisada sua custo-efetividade / Background/Objectives: Every year there are approximately 16,000 new cases of cervical cancer in Brazil. New technologies may lead to a reduction of this number by allowing an expansion of the screening covered population but also by improving the detection rate of precursor lesions. Methods: Women participating in a routine CC primary screening program were invited to enroll in this study. An LBC sample was collected in SurePath medium and transported to Fundação Oncocentro where BD Totallis prepared, in parallel, slides for cytology and an aliquot for the BD Onclarity(TM) HPV Assay (HrHPV). A positive HrHPV test and/or cytology class > ASC-US referred the patient to colcoscopic examination and biopsy, if found necessary by the clinican. Results: In between December 2014 and March 2016 15,991 women joined this study. Among samples analyzed, 15,945 (99.7%) were satisfactory for cytology, of these 7.2% (1,152/ 15,945) had some abnormality and were classified as positive, as follows: ASC-US 546 (3.4 %); ASC-H 119 (0.7%); LSIL 392 (2.5%); HSIL in 87 (0.5%), two cases (0.01%) of ICC and six (0.04%) of AGC. HPV DNA testing showed 2,398 (15%) positive samples, detected in 12.1% of the samples cytology classified as NILM, in 31.1% of ASC-US cases; 58.8% ASC-H; 73.2% LSIL; 87.4% of the cases of HSIL, in 100% samples classified as ICC and in 16.7% of the AGC. The most frequent HPV types were represented by the P3 group in 3.8% of these, followed by the P2 group in 3.6%; HPV 16 (3.2%); HPV 52 (2.4%); P1 group (2.3%); HPV 31 (1.9%); HPV51 (1.4%); HPV 18 (1.2%) and HPV 45 (0.9%). By protocol, 2,309 (14.4%) were referred to colposcopic study and 1,287 (55.7%) submitted to the procedure. Of these 334 samples were biopsied, revealing 147 (44%) positive results distributed as follows: 75 (51%) cases of CIN 1; 59 (40.1%) of CIN 2; 7 (4.8%) of CIN 3; 2 (1.4%) SCC; 2 (1.4%) of ICC and 2 (1.4%) of adenocarcinomas. HrHPV was detected in 98.6% (71/72) cases of CIN 2+, of these, 18 were negative by cytology, including an adenocarcinoma and was present in 100% of the 13 cases of CIN 3+, whereas cytology missed two of them. Among CIN3+ cases HPV 16 was the most frequent type, found in 53.8% (7/13). Conclusions: HPV DNA testing detected a significant number of patients with premalignant lesions missed by cytology. In another fraction, cytology provided a classification that would, according to the current algorithm, delay the CIN2+ detection due to a loop of repeating cytology in 6 mo - 1 year. If HPV DNA screening is to be adopted, it will be a challenge to avoid an increase in the need for colposcopic examinations. Towards that, it will be very important to add one marker of high positive predictive value to HrHPV+ samples, before referral and analyzed in the same primary cervical smear. The European age cut-off of 30 yo for HPV based-screening is probably not ideal in Brazil, where is not uncommon to observe young women with CIN2+. The CIN rate allowed a thorough evaluation of the assays and management strategies. The use of 16/18 HPV genotyping and cytological triage for the other HrHPVs provided a balance between sensitivity and specificity, number of tests and colposcopies required for detection of CIN 2+. The implementation in the public health system is feasible upon a positive cost effectiveness evaluation