Los Ashaninka han desarrollado una propia narrativa sobre los eventos que los han afectado y sus personajes. Estos discursos cruzados hablan sobre el poder. Sobre la legitimidad del poder. Sobre la forma de ejercerlo y por ende de la organización de la sociedad y sus instituciones políticas, y fundamentalmente de una narrativa, una ideología sobre el poder que regulará la relaciones en todos los niveles. Estas nuevas ideas fueron creando el sustento para intentos de cambios en su propuesta de sociedad, como ya sabemos marcadamente igualitaria y no jerarquizada. Y que en determinados momentos históricos, a partir de la incorporación de nuevos aspectos a su narrativa sobre el poder, intentaron modificar su organización al aglutinarse y formar unidades políticas más grandes y estructuradas, que fueron útiles en esos momentos pero que todas se diluyeron y los Ashaninka regresaron a sus formas heterárquicas de organización, volviendo a los sistemas de poder fragmentado que observamos hoy, y en los que han desarrollado una compleja vida social y política que deliberadamente se esfuerza para que ninguno de ellos concentre el poder y menos que ejercite el poder sobre otros. La sociedad Ashaninka es una sociedad que se define contra el exceso y el defecto, contra toda conducta social que implique el no compartir o el concentrar y apropiarse de bienes materiales o también abusar del poder tomando decisiones sobre otros Ashaninka. El modelo de organización de los Ashaninka se puede definir como un sistema de organización en la que los elementos de la organización no están ordenados por rango. La heterarquía se opone al concepto de jerarquía. No hay poder centralizado, no hay funciones de ordenar, mandar, si el de influir. Es un sistema en el cual nadie decide sobre el otro. El modelo heterárquico funciona como redes interconectadas y sobrepuestas, contiene componentes individuales que simultáneamente pertenecen y actúan en múltiples redes. Una heteraquía es una estructura flexible que posibilita la emergencia de nuevos “órdenes creativos” o “caos ordenados”. / Tesis

The ADR Agreement allows to reduce the accidents of cars, transporting the dangerous goods. It determines how to pack, manipulate and transport the dangerous goods. It says how often the drivers have to be trained and what they should do when the accident happens.

The aim of the master's thesis "Analysis of Selected Payment Protocols" is overview of used payment. The first part is concentrated on data security, the second is dedicated to payment protocols, their characteristics, used technology and security elements. The third part is dedicated to verification and simulation tools. Comparison of particular payment protocols and of particular verification tools is part of this work too. Experimental part of the thesis is focused on formalization and verification of the payment protocol Visa 3-D Secure, of the protocol NetBill and on formalization of two subprotocols of SET.

The association agreement between EU and Ukraine includes visa liberalization, which brings concerns about the capability of absorbing the increasing migration of Ukrainian citizens in the Czech Republic. The theses aims at showing realistic state of affairs especially through statistics and interviews with members of crucial interest groups connected to migration process. The text is demonstrating that number of Ukrainians in the Czech Republic is significantly raising, but we cannot consider this raise as intractable. The increase directly connected with visa liberalization can be clearly demonstrated at the number of tourists. Looking at the number of asylum applications, growth was not noted which is considered as sign of well-managed liberalization of migration. Significant changes cannot be seen also in the statistics of illegal migration. Nevertheless, members of foreign police agree that they observe increase of illegal Ukrainians but do not have the capacities to arrest them and register as illegal in the statistics. Visa liberalization is not the only reason of the increase of Ukrainians in the Czech Republic. Major influence is the overall socio-economic situation of both countries and especially extremely low unemployment in the Czech Republic, which creates pressure to the employers...

The immigration has became the main topic in many western countries during several past years. This thesis focuses on immigration policy of the United Kingdom, where immigration represents 12,5 % of the whole population. Namely it deals with immigration policy during the premiership of David Cameron in the years 2010 to 2015. This topic is relatively recent, therefore has not been sufficiently explored. Moreover, attention is usually focused on integration policy; as a consequence thesis should contribute to mapping of actual immigration policy in the United Kingdom. This thesis examines which specific changes in immigration policy have been introduced by the government of David Cameron. Immigration policy is analyzed on base of the new Immigration Act and other documents which amended new law, then on the reforms of visa policy. The main objective of the analysis is to map immigration policy of David Cameron and reveal the specific steps taken by the government. The thesis also examines whether the development of immigration policy changes are applied to all immigrants from non-EU countries, or only to a certain type of immigrants. It also rates the achievement of stated goals of the Conservative Party.

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En recherchant la maîtrise des flux migratoires, la France entretient des rapports avec l'Union européenne, les pays européens, les pays d'émigration et les organisations non gouvernementales. Deux points essentiels apparaissent dans cette analyse des rapports internationaux de la France. Le premier concerne l'élaboration d'une politique migratoire de l'Union européenne révélant un cadre de négociations difficiles. La mise en œuvre de cette politique dépend des intérêts particuliers de chaque Etat membre. Le deuxième porte sur les coopérations bilatérales d'une efficacité incertaine donnant priorité aux contrôles des flux migratoires sans prendre en compte les attentes des différentes parties contractantes. Parallèlement à la mise en place de ces rapports, les instruments juridiques internationaux dégagent un ensemble de droits protégeant les étrangers. Progressivement, la France est ainsi obligée de s'aligner sur la jurisprudence européenne qui est plus protectrice à l'égard des ressortissants étrangers. / In looking for the control of migratory flows, France maintains relationships with the European Union, the European countries, the countries of emigration and the non-governmental organizations. Two mains points appear in this analysis of the French international relationships. The first one concerns the elaboration of a migratory policy of the European Union which shows a framework of difficult negotiations. The implementation of this policy depends on the particular interests of every member state. The second point is about the bilateral cooperations of an uncertain efficiency giving priority to the controls of migratory flows without taking into account the expectations of the various contracting parties. At the same time as the setting up of these relationships, the international legal instruments highlight a set of rights that protect the foreigners. Gradually, France is then compelled to align itself with the European jurisprudence which is more protective towards the foreign nationals.

Title: Study possibilities and job opportunities in outdoor activities in USA Objectives: The object of this thesis is to research and describe study possibilities at American universities and job opportunities in outdoor activities in USA. Methods: This thesis is literature review and analyses printed sources available related to researched topic and internet websites containing current information in researched subject. Also, it was used own experiences of the thesis author. The primary source of information were publications from UK FTVS library, thesis written under the supervision of the experts at outdoor sports department at UK FTVS and thesis from other Czech universities teaching outdoor activities. Further important source was specialized publications, especially articles from Gymnasion magazine, next, articles from EBSCO databases. During the research of USA universities offering outdoor activities courses, educational system, scholarships, job opportunities, transfer and visa options, were used also internet sources for topicality reason and own experience. Results: Outdoor education and activities industry constantly dynamically develops and so creates many job positions for qualified workers for profitable or non-profit organizations. Universities in USA offer more and more...

An F-1 academic visa is required for foreign students studying at academic institutions in the United States. While requirements for acquiring the F-1 visa are a matter of federal policy, some of the principles regulating orientations, host families, and home-stays do not align with best practices found at the university level, which include quality student orientations and thorough trainings with a vetting process for host families and home-stays. This lack of regulation may place visiting students at risk in terms of personal safety and wellbeing and have negative impacts for program credibility and lost revenue. Using Stone's regime theory as the foundation, the purpose of this multiple case study of orientations and home-stay experiences of F-1 visa students under the Student and Exchange Visitor Program, was to explore from the perspective of program participants, ways to increase safety and quality assurance of these programs. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six former student participants. These data were inductively coded and subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. A key theme of this study is that participants perceived that additional training to host families including vetting and monitoring processes and student orientations in acculturation and communication would enhance the experiences of F-1 visa holders. The implications for positive social change include recommendations to schools and study abroad organizations to implement policy changes regarding the requirements for students and host families, sponsors, and home-stay monitoring and orientation components for students and host families to promote more effective and safer home-stays for F-1 high school students.

This thesis examines the social life and cultural biography of five objects from the Valsgärde-collection at museum Gustavianum in Uppsala, Sweden. The aim of this study was to research the social life and cultural biography of five objects from the collection and what this means in relation to collections management, authenticity, digitalization and object-love. There is a special focus on authenticity and digitalization throughout the essay. There are mixed methods in the thesis, two interviews, phenomenology and object-based learning. The theoretical frame-work of the thesis were The Social Life of Things as well as authenticity, digitalization and collections management. In the analysis it showed that the social life of things as well as the cultural biography of things is something that is constantly constructed, and will shift and grow throughout time. The analysis also showed that a proper collections management will improve the cultural biography of things, it will also improve a more authentic digitalization. The conclusion of the thesis is that the social life of things is dynamic, even though some information may seem static. A cultural biography is possible to write about objects, however, not only one person can do this since we need academics from different branches to try and understand the objects. It is also important to when possible research the objects with your hands, in order to research one owns feelings. Further research on the topic could be done by more researchers investigating the objects, as well as a combination of testing of the material in order to trace the objects’ cultural biography in the prehistoric age. This is a two years master’s thesis in Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies.