The increasing demand worldwide for Australian wine has driven the recent expansion in vineyard plantings which in turn, has increased the requirement for irrigation water in grape growing regions. Large areas of Australia's national vineyard are already irrigated with relatively poor quality water and many districts have a limited supply of water available for irrigation. Therefore, improving the efficiency of vineyard irrigation is essential for the long term sustainability of the Australian wine industry. Reducing the volume of irrigation applied to vineyards can improve water use efficiency (WUE) and reduce vine vigour. However, it can be difficult to accurately apply the required degree of water stress and this may result in a yield reduction. An irrigation technique known as partial rootzone drying (PRD) involves applying a continuous water deficit to alternate sides of the root system while ensuring the other half is well watered. This has been found to increase WUE, reduce vine vigour, improve fruit quality but not affect vine yield. Where the soil volume available for root growth is limited, so too is the resultant vine growth and yield, as access to water and nutrients is restricted. Shallow soil profiles present a major limitation to root development and grapevine vigour. In shallow soils, mounding topsoil from the vineyard mid row to form raised beds in the vine row has been found to improve vine growth and productivity. Soil mounds tend to have a higher moisture holding capacity than flat soil but the greater surface area of the mound can increase surface evaporation. Applying mulch to the mound surface has been shown to reduce evaporative soil moisture loss and conserve irrigation water. The general hypothesis tested in this experiment was that: 'Combining soil mounding, straw mulch and partial rootzone drying (PRD) irrigation will improve grapevine growth and production and reduce levels of sodium and chloride in the vine.' The experiment was established on Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz in a mature vineyard at Padthaway, South Australia, where the soil profile consisted of a shallow loam over clay and limestone. Soils of the experimental site were classified as moderately saline because their electrical conductivity (ECse) was greater than 4 dS/m. Three main factors, irrigation method (standard or PRD), soil mounding (flat or mounded) and surface cover (bare or straw mulch) were combined into a 2X2X2 factorial experiment such that the randomised block experiment comprised three replicates of eight treatments. The irrigation treatments were control (the application of water to both sides of the vines) and PRD (the application of water to one side of the vines only at any time). In the PRD treatment the frequency of alternating the 'wet' and 'dry' sides was determined according to soil moisture measurements and was typically every 5-7 days. It was very difficult to accurately schedule the irrigation at this site to avoid applying a moisture deficit to the PRD treatment. The shallow soil profile dried very quickly following irrigation and there were problems with the accuracy of the soil moisture sensing equipment for the duration of the experiment. As a result, PRD vines experienced repeated, excessive soil moisture deficits such that vine growth and production were significantly reduced each season. Shoot length was measured weekly during the growing season, while photosynthetically- active radiation (PAR), leaf area and canopy volume were measured at full canopy. Shoot number and pruning weight were measured during dormancy. All measures of vegetative growth (with the exception of PAR) were reduced in response to PRD. The decrease in lateral shoot growth for PRD resulted in greater bunch exposure and PAR. As a direct result of the severe soil moisture deficits experienced by the PRD treatment, all components of yield were significantly reduced compared to the control treatment each season. In particular, bunch weight and berry weight were significantly lower in the PRD treatment compared to the control, which suggests a period(s) of severe soil moisture deficit was experienced. Despite the yield loss sustained by the PRD treatment, WUE was improved compared to the control treatment in the first two years of this experiment. Berry anthocyanin levels were higher for the PRD treatment than the control but this may be due to the reduction in berry size. Weekly volumetric soil moisture monitoring showed that mounded soil was wetter than flat soil each year at similar horizons. In addition, the larger soil volume of the mounded treatment enhanced vine root development. Vegetative growth was greater in the mounded treatment than the flat treatment. Mounded vines grew more shoots than non-mounded vines, although there was no effect of mounding treatment on shoot length. The difference in shoot number was significant only in year 2, possibly due to the time required for vine roots to establish in the mounds. Pruning weight and mean shoot weight were higher for the mounded treatment each year and mounded vines grew more shoots than non-mounded vines in years 1 and 2. The increase in shoot weight of mounded vines, relative to non-mounded, was most likely due to the increase in lateral shoot growth which is supported by the lower PAR values of the mounded treatment compared to the flat treatment. Each year soil mounding resulted in higher vine yields than in flat soil beds as a direct result of the increased vine capacity of mounded vines. The mounded treatment had more shoots per vine than the non-mounded treatment and thus more bunches per vine. In addition, bunch weights were higher in the mounded treatment each year, due mainly to improved fruit set and more berries per bunch. Despite the mounded treatment resulting in a denser canopy than the non-mounded treatment this did not affect fruit composition in years 1 and 2. WUE was higher for the mound treatment in years 2 and 3 only, due to the volume of irrigation water applied being reduced, yet mounded vines continued to produce higher yields than non-mounded vines. In year 3, berries from vines grown in mounded soil had significantly higher pH than berries from vines grown in flat soil beds. Mounding treatment did not consistently affect berry anthocyanin or phenolic levels. Soil moisture levels were higher in the mulch treatment than the bare treatment in all seasons. In contrast to the mounding treatment, wetter soil did not consistently lead to improved vine growth or yield. Mulched vines developed fewer roots than non-mulched vines which is likely to have limited vine access to water and nutrients. As a result, shoot growth was similar for both treatments each season. The only significant difference between treatments for pruning weight was found in year 3 and was due entirely to shoot weight. The mulched treatment had lower PAR than the bare treatment in year 3, probably the result of increased lateral shoot growth and thus increased shoot weight, although this was not significant. PAR was significantly higher for the mulch treatment, compared to the bare treatment, in year 1 only but this was not supported by significant increases in vegetative growth. The mulch treatment resulted in higher vine yield than the non-mulch treatment in years 1 and 3. This difference was significant in year 3 only when both bunch number and bunch weight were significantly higher for mulched vines. In year 1 only bunch weight was significantly higher for mulched vines. Differences between treatments occurred in year 2 for fruit composition, specifically juice TA and anthocyanin levels. The mulch treatment had significantly higher TA and a significantly lower anthocyanin concentration in berries than the non-mulch treatment in year 2. There was no evidence of increased shading in the mulched treatment relative to the bare treatment that year but the difference in anthocyanin concentration may be explained by the significantly smaller berries of the bare treatment. Analysis of samples taken regularly from the soil profile and vine rootzone showed that there was no treatment effect on soil salinity but that soil ECse increased with soil depth and time each year. Petiole samples were collected at flowering, veraison and pre-harvest and levels were deemed toxic by pre-harvest each year. The PRD treatment received approximately 60% of the salt applied to the control treatment. This did not reduce ECse but did result in lower measures of sodium and chloride in petioles and juice at harvest. Vines grown in soil mounds had access to a greater volume of soil water than the non-mounded vines. The mounded treatment had higher levels of pre-harvest petiole chloride in years 1 and 3 but this was significant only in year 3. There was no consistent trend in levels of sodium and chloride in the juice from either mound treatment, although in year 3 berry extract chloride levels were found to be significantly higher in the mounded treatment than the flat treatment. Similarly, a consistent trend in sodium and chloride levels of petioles and juice was not evident for the mulch treatment. Although, in year 3 petioles of vines grown in bare soil were found to contain significantly more petiole chloride than those which had straw mulch applied. The hypothesis that combining soil mounding, straw mulch and partial rootzone drying (PRD) irrigation will improve grapevine growth and production and reduce levels of sodium and chloride in the vine is rejected as there was not a consistent, cumulative effect of the three factors in this experiment. / Thesis (M.Ag.Sc.)--School of Agriculture and Wine, 2005.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / My starting point for this thesis was the absence of a foundation history of Australian wine growing conducted by an historian rather than researchers in other disciplines or the media. I have used existing work on wine history in New South Wales from 1788 to 1901 alongside a significant body of new research to create an historical argument suitable for incorporation into more broadly-themed narratives of Australian history and to inform studies of wine growing in other academic fields. My main argument is that although wine growing proved of little economic value in colonial primary production compared with nation-building commodities - such as pastoralism, wheat growing and gold - advocates of the cultivation of wine grapes believed wine growing embodied beneficial, even transformative, cultural value so they persisted in attempting to create a ‘civilizing’ industry producing a ‘civilized’ drink despite lacklustre consumption of their product and very modest profits. Several times, from 1788 to 1901, these advocates spoke out or wrote about wine and wine growing as capable of creating order in a wild or ‘savage’ landscape and within a settler society shaped culturally by shifting adaptations to both imported and ‘native’ influences in agriculture as well as alcohol production, consumption and distribution. While the methodological framework employed here falls mainly within cultural and economic history, sociological theories have contributed to findings on causation. The result is a comprehensive narrative of colonial wine growing in New South Wales enriched by links to key developments in Australian colonial history and with reference to wine growing in other British colonies or former territories.

Thesis (MScAgric) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The table grape industry is a major contributor to the South African economy, directly through foreign earnings from this predominantly export-based industry, as well as indirectly through the employment of thousands of people. It is a growing industry and consists of several production areas. The fastest growing table grape production area in South Africa is the Lower Orange River area, which produces some of the earliest grapes in the Southern Hemisphere. The biggest river in South Africa irrigates this area and it has an extreme climate characteristic of semi-desert areas. This area is considered to be optimal for the production of high quality, early, white seedless grapes. Previously, this area was predominantly planted to Sultanina vines for the purpose of raisin production. When seedless table grapes became a consumer preference, the producers very successfully converted their production practices to yield export quality seedless grapes from the established Sultanina vineyards. Extensive new plantings as well as re-plantings occurred in this area, also including newer cultivars from local and overseas breeding programmes. Being a viticultural and economical hot-spot, the Lower Orange River area is attracting much attention as a table grape production area and it also formed the backdrop to this study. The cultivar profile is changing in the area and it is projected that Sultana-, Regal-, Prime Seedless and Sugraone will be the four major early, white seedless cultivars in 2005. Based on this knowledge and prompted by a lack of information regarding production costs and general profitability of the new cultivars, this study was initiated in the form of a comparative analysis between the four mentioned cultivars spanning the early, middle and late regions of the Lower Orange River area. The approach used extracted information regarding cultural input costs (specifically labour as man-hours and the consequent costs) per manipulation performed in the vineyards. This approach is different from the more general method of obtaining input costs for a specific area based on combined mean values, often not distinguishing between cultivars. The specific aims of the study included a comparative analysis of input costs for production cultural practices per main manipulation action, as well as a comparative analysis taking into account productivity, value and extraordinary costs related to each of the four cultivars. To this end, 22 experimental plots were identified for use in the study. Collaboration of the production managers of each of the experimental plots were procured and information regarding production costs per manipulation and productivity of each cultivar and experimental plot were extracted from their own record keeping systems or from documents provided to the production managers. The value (price achieved) of the various cultivars for the 2001/2002 table grape season were put into perspective by using data from a survey which included information regarding payments for the various cultivars during the season in the Lower Orange River area. Information regarding fruit and vine royalties was obtained from the various plant breeders' rights holders of the various cultivars, where applicable. Primary descriptions of each experimental plot concerning general cultivation practices and information regarding the specific season were used to qualify results obtained from the various blocks. Several complicating factors impacted on the study and specifically the subsequent analyses of the results. Some of the factors were already identified as complicating factors in the planning stage of the study and were mostly linked to the recent introduction of two of the cultivars to the Orange River area. From the data gathered and the analyses performed it became clear that it would be difficult to discern significant differences (where significant is defined as PS0.10), but clear trends were observed and indications obtained. Based on the input cost analyses of this study it is proposed that mature Prime Seedless will have the highest labour input and cultural production cost of the four cultivars, followed by Sugraone. The labour input and the cost for the production cultural practices studied for young Prime Seedless vines were very high in comparison to the mature Sultana Seedless and Sugraone vines, especially for the canopy management and bunch manipulation actions. Prime Seedless was especially prone to the set of small and uneven berries, which lead to very high labour input requirements and subsequent cost for bunch manipulations. Sugraone is also known for the set of small and uneven berries in the Lower Orange River area, especially in difficult climatic seasons, also requiring high labour input for bunch manipulations. The initial indication is that mature Sultana- and Regal Seedless will require similar labour inputs for cultural production practices. The fact that Regal Seedless does not require expensive gibberellic acid (GA) applications, or girdling for thinning and berry enlargement purposes, is a tremendous advantage from a production cost point of view. Accordingly, initial indications are that Regal Seedless will have the lowest cultural production cost of the four cultivars. Regal Seedless was prone to the set of uneven berries during the year of study and accordingly it is suspected that this factor will ultimately determine the labour requirements and cultural production input cost, especially in difficult climatic seasons. The labour input and ultimately the cultural production cost for Sultana Seedless will be determined by the correct timing and concentration of the GA applications for thinning and berry sizing. Sultana Seedless and Sugraone produced high yields during the 2001/2002 table grape season in the Lower Orange River area. Yield information from the various experimental plots confirmed that there is little to choose between the two cultivars in terms of yield when cultivation conditions and practices are optimal. Large variation was observed in the yield results from the Regal- and Prime Seedless experimental plots. This is largely due to the recent introduction of the cultivars to the area and the consequent scarcity of blocks of these cultivars that are in full production. It was impossible to identify clear trends in terms of the future productivity of mature Regal- and Prime Seedless, but some indications of labour inputs could be extracted and qualified. Early maturing Prime Seedless and Sugraone performed very well in terms of price, especially in the harvest period prior to week 50. This advantage of high prices early in the season is, however, not always applicable to early cultivars in the later maturing regions of the Lower Orange River area. Later during the season, after week 50, when the supply of table grapes to the overseas markets has increased sharply, Sultana Seedless is usually the best performer in terms of price of the four cultivars. The ultimate price obtained by a cultivar is to a large extent determined by supply and demand, quality and acceptance of the specific cultivar. This study and its outcomes have a strong regional (Lower Orange River) and local (South Africa) impact and the specific results will undoubtedly be valuable to the producers, exporters and other role-players with vested interest in the cultivars studied or in table grape production per se. The methodology adopted in this study, however, is of broader interest and dearly shows the advantage of having detailed and qualified information regarding cultivation practices and bringing it in relation to the labour and consequent costs required per action. This should lead to more business intelligence and realistic planning on the producer side when decisions regarding the choice of a cultivar for a specific production area with a particular marketing scope have to be made. This study has also paved the way for similar studies, specifically with regard to the detailed description of the methodology that was established. Knowledge of the problems experienced in this study provides a useful reference for the planning and execution of similar studies. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tafeldruifindustrie dra grootskaals by tot die Suid- Afrikaanse ekonomie: regstreeks deur middel van buitelandse valuta vanaf hierdie hoofsaaklik uitvoer-gebaseerde industrie, asook indirek deur werkverskaffing aan duisende mense. Dit is 'n vinnig groeiende industrie en bestaan uit verskeie produksie-areas waarvan die Benede-Oranjerivierarea, waar van die vroegste druiwe in die suidelike halfrond geproduseer word, tans die meeste groei toon. Die grootste rivier in Suid-Afrika vloei deur hierdie gebied wat deur uiterste klimaatstoestande, soortgelyk aan die van semi-woestyngebiede, gekenmerk word. Hierdie gebied is baie gunstig vir die produksie van hoë-gehalte, vroeë, wit pitlose druiwe. In die verlede is hoofsaaklik Sultanina vir die produksie van rosyne in hierdie gebied verbou. Namate pitlose tafeldruiwe voorkeur begin geniet het onder verbruikers wêreldwyd, het produseerders in die area hul verbouingspraktyke suksesvol aangepas vir die produksie van uitvoergehalte tafeldruiwe vanaf die grootskaalse, reeds gevestigde Sultanina-wingerde. Uitgebreide aanplantings en heraanplantings, wat nuwe cultivars van plaaslike en oorsese teelprogramme ingesluit het, is in hierdie gebied gedoen. Die vinnige groei in tafeldruifaanplantings en -uitvoere, asook die ekonomiese impak van die industrie in die Benede-Oranjeriviergebied, het die afgelope aantal jaar sterk op die voorgrond getree en het gevolglik gedien as agtergrond vir hierdie studie. Die cultivarprofiel in dié area is besig om te verander en volgens vooruitskattings gaan Sultana, Regal, Prime Seedless en Sugraone die vier prominente vroeë, wit, pitlose tafeldruifcultivars in 2005 wees. Gebaseer op hierdie feit en na aanleiding van 'n behoefte aan meer inligting met betrekking tot produksiekostes en algemene winsgewendheid van die nuwe cultivars, is 'n vergelykende studie aangaande die vier genoemde cultivars in die Benede-Oranjeriviergebied geloods. Die benadering wat gedurende die studie gevolg is, het inligting aangaande produksie-insetkoste (spesifiek arbeid in man-ure en gevolglike koste) per manipulasie onttrek. Hierdie benadering verskil van die meer algemene metodiek om insetkoste-inligting van 'n spesifieke area van gekombineerde gemiddelde waardes te verkry. Met so 'n benadering word gewoonlik geen onderskeid tussen cultivars getref nie. Die spesifieke doelwitte van hierdie studie het 'n vergelykende analise aangaande die insetkoste van die produksiepraktyke per hoofmanipulasie/aksie ingesluit, asook 'n analise waar produktiwiteit, waarde en buitengewone koste van die vier cultivars in ag geneem is. In totaal is 22 eksperimentele persele gebruik in die studie. Samewerking van die produksiebestuurders van die onderskeie esperimentele persele is verkry ten opsigte van die verskaffing van inligting oor produksiekoste per manipulasie, en die produktiwiteit per cultivar en eksperimentele perseel. Die produksiebestuurders het die nodige dokumente ontvang om die inligting te onttrek, of kon die inligting verskaf soos dit in hul rekordhoudingsisteem voorgekom het. Die waarde (prys behaal) van die onderskeie cultivars vir die 2001/2002-seisoen is in perspektief gestel deur gebruik te maak van 'n opname wat in die Benede Oranjeriviergebied plaasgevind het. Hierdie opname het inligting oor die uitbetalings van die onderskeie cultivars in die area vir die 2001/2002- seisoen ingesluit. Inligting rakende die stok- en vrugproduksie-tantieme is vanaf die onderskeie plantttelersregtehouers van die cultivars verkry. Primêre beskywings van die algemene verbouingspraktyke van elke eksperimentele blok en inligting oor die spesifieke seisoen is gebruik om die data wat vanaf die esperimentele persele verkry is, in perskektief te stel. Verskeie kompliserende faktore het die studie en die ontleding van data beïnvloed. Verskeie van hierdie faktore is reeds geidentifiseer met die beplanning van die studie en was meestal gekoppel aan die onlangse bekendstelling van Regal en Prime Seedless aan die Benede-Oranjeriviergebied. Na aanleiding van die data wat ingesamel en ontleed is, was dit duidelik dat dit moeilik sou wees om betekenisvolle verskille (waar "betekenisvol" as PS0.10 gedifinieer is) tussen die cultivars uit te lig, maar dat dit egter wel moontlik sou wees om aanvanklike indikasies en tendense te kry. Gebaseer op die insetkoste-ontleding van die studie blyk dit dat volwasse Prime Seedless die hoogste arbeidsinsetle en produksiekoste van die vier cultivars gaan hê, gevolg deur Sugraone. Die arbeidsinsetle en koste van die produksie-aksies wat van jong Prime Seedless bestudeer is, was baie hoog in vergelyking met volwasse Sultana Seedless- en Sugraone-stokke, veral ten opsigte van lowerbestuur en trosmanipulasies. Prime Seedless was veral geneig tot die set van klein, oneweredige korrels, wat tot baie hoë arbeidsinsetle en gevolglik koste vir trosmanipulasies gelei het. Sugraone is ook daarvoor bekend dat dit geneig is tot die set van klein, oneweredige korrels in die Benede-Oranjeriviergebied (veral in moeilike klimaatseisoene), wat gevolglik tot hoë arbeidsinstle vir trosmanipulasie lei. Die aanvanklike aanduiding is dat volwasse Sultana en Regal Seedless min of meer die dieselfde arbeidsinsetle vir verbouing sal vereis. Die feit dat Regal Seedless nie duur gibberelliensuur (GS)-behandelings vir blomtrosuitdunning of korrelvergroting benodig nie, is 'n enorme voordeel in terme van produksiekoste. Gevolglik is die aanvanklike aanduiding dat Regal Seedless die laagste produksieskoste van die vier cultivars sal hê. In die studiejaar was Regal Seedless egter geneig tot die set van onweredige korrels en gevolglik word verwag dat hierdie faktor uiteindelik die arbeidsinsetle en produsiekoste van die cultivar sal bepaal, veral in moeilike klimaatseisoene. Die arbiedsinsetle en produksiekoste van Sultana Seedless sal bepaal word deur die korrekte tydsberekening en konsentrasie van die GS-behandelings vir uitdunning en korrelvergroting. Sultana Seedless en Sugraone het gedurende die 2001/2002-seisoen hoë opbrengste in die Benede-Oranjeriviergebied geproduseer. Oesdata inligting van die onderskeie esperimentele persele het bevestig dat daar min te kies is tussen die twee cultivars in terme van produktiwiteit wanneer verbouingstoestande en -praktyke optimaal is. Groot variasie is egter waargeneem in die opbrengsresultate van die Regal en Prime Seedless. Dit is hoofsaaklik as gevolg van die onlangse bekendstelling van die twee cultivars in die area en dus ook die beperkte aantal blokke van die cultivars wat reeds in vol produksie was. Dit was dus onmoontlik om duidelike tendense in terme van die toekomstige produksie van volwasse Regal en Prime Seedless te identifiseer. Indikasies van arbeidsinsette en produksiekoste kon egter wel verkry word. Vroeg rypwordende Prime Seedless en Sugraone vaar baie goed in terme van die prys wat dit behaal, veral in die oesperiode voor week 50. Hierdie voordeel van hoë pryse behaal vroeg in die seisoen is egter nie altyd van toepassing op vroeë cultivars in die later rypwordende areas van die Benede-Oranjeriviergebied nie. Later in die seisoen (na week 50), wanneer die aanbod van tafeldruiwe op oorsese markte skerp toegeneem het, is Sultana Seedless gewoonlik die beste presteerder in terme van prys van die vier cultivars. Die uiteindelike prys wat deur cultivars behaal word, word tot 'n groot mate bepaal deur vraag en aanbod, kwaliteit en aanvaarding van die cultivar deur die verbruiker. Die studie en die uitkomste daarvan het 'n sterk streeks (Benede-Oranjerivier) en plaaslike (Suid-Afrika) impak, en die spesifieke resultate salongetwyfeld van waarde wees vir produseerders, uitvoerders en ander rolspelers met bestaande belange in die cultivars of vir tafeldruifproduksie as sulks. Die metodiek wat in hierdie studie gebruik is, is egter van breêr belang en wys duidelik die voordele daarvan om gedetailleerde en gekwalifiseerde inligting aangaande produksiepraktyke te hê, wat dit ook in verband bring met arbeid en gevolglike koste per aksie. Dit behoort te lei tot meer besigheidsintelligensie en realistiese beplanning deur die produseerder met betrekking tot cultivarkeuse vir 'n spesifieke produksiearea met 'n spesifieke bemarkings geleentheid. Hierdie studie het ook die weg gebaan vir soortgelyke studies, spesifiek ten opsigte van die gedetailleerde beskrywing van die metodiek wat gevestig is. Kennis van die probleme wat in hierdie studie ondervind is, kan dien as nuttige verwysing vir die beplanning en uitvoer van soortgelyke studies.

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In an attempt to reduce the pH of juice and wine, different fertiliser applications and canopy management practices were evaluated in a field trial. Fertiliser treatments consisted of no, CaS04, Ca(OH)2, and MgS04 fertilisation. Canopy management was as follows: suckering (leaving only two shoots per bearer), tipping, vertical shoot positioning and removal of lateral shoots and yellow leaves in the bunch zone (Canopy 1); suckering (leaving three shoots per bearer), vertical shoot positioning as well as topping (Canopy 2); vertical shoot positioning and topping (Canopy 3). The field trial was conducted in the Paardeberg region on the farms Meerlus and Kersfontein. The vineyard at Meerlus was Cabernet franc/R99 with a high canopy density and a good root distribution, established on a sandy loam soil of granite origin, with a low subsoil pH and a high K content. The vineyard at Kersfontein was Cabemet Sauvignon/101-14 Mgt with a lower canopy density and a less extensive root distribution, also established on a sandy loam soil of granite origin, but with a low top- and subsoil pH and a higher K content. Fertilisation had no significant influence on the K content of juice and wine. Fertilisation with Ca and Mg reduced the pH of juice significantly in the case of Meerlus. In contrast, Mg fertilisation increased the pH of juice significantly at Kersfontein. Lastly, fertilisation had no significant effect on the pH of the wine. The K content of the juice at Meerlus was significantly reduced by Canopy 3 in comparison with Canopy 1 and 2. However, in contrast with Canopy 1 and 3, Canopy 2 significantly increased the pH of juice at Meerlus. The K content of the juice at Kersfontein was significantly reduced by Canopy 1, compared to Canopy 2 and 3, with no significant effect on the pH of the juice. Canopy management had no significant effect on wine pH. It appears to be possible to reduce the pH of juice in the case of Cabernet franc/99R, situated on granite soils, by means of Ca and Mg fertilisation. Because Ca(OH)2 and MgS04 fertilisation increased the maturity of Cabernet Sauvignon/101-14 Mgt grapes, it was impossible to evaluate the effect of fertilisation on the pH of juice at Kersfontein. The general phenomenon that a high canopy density results in a high pH of juice and wine, was not observed in this field trial. The possible reasons for this were the low canopy density of the control plots, as well as the difference in maturity between canopy management treatments. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In 'n poging om die pH van sap en wyn te verlaag, is die effek van verskillende bemesting- en lowerbestuursfaktore in 'n veldproef geêvalueer. Bemesting het bestaan uit geen, CaS04, Ca(OH)2 en MgS04 toediennings. Lowerbestuur was: suier tot twee lote per draer, tip, vertikale lootposisionering, verwydering van sylote en geel blare in trossone (Lower 1); suier tot drie lote per draer, top en vertikale lootposisionering (Lower 2); top en vertikale lootposisionering met geen suier nie (Lower 3). Die veldproef is op twee plase nl. Meerlus en Kersfontein, in die Paardeberg omgewing uitgevoer. Die wingerd by Meerlus was Cabernet franc/R99 met 'n hoë lowerdigtheid en goeie wortelverspreiding, wat op 'n sandleemgrond van graniet oorsprong met In lae ondergrond-pH en hoë K-inhoud gevestig is. Die wingerd by Kersfontein het bestaan uit Cabernet Sauvignon/101-14 Mgt met 'n laer lowerdigtheid en swakker wortelverspreiding, wat op In sandleemgrond van graniet oorsprong met In deurgaans lae grond-pH en baie hoë K-inhoud gevestig is. Bemesting het geen betekenisvolle invloed op die K-inhoud van sap en wyn gehad nie. By Meerlus het Ca- en Mg-bemesting egter die pH van sap betekenisvol verlaag. In teenstelling hiermee het Mg-bemesting die sap-ph by Kersfontein betekenisvol verhoog. Bemesting het verder geen betekenisvolle invloed op die pH van wyn gehad nie. Lower 3 het die K-inhoud van sap by Meerlus betekenisvol verlaag in vergelyking met Lower 1 en Lower 2. By Kersfontein was die K-inhoud van sap by Lower 1 betekenisvollaer as by Lower 2 en Lower 3. Teenoor Lower 1 en Lower 3 het Lower 2 'n betekenisvol hoër sap-pH by Meerlus tot gevolg gehad. Lowerbehandelings het egter geen betekenisvolle invloed op die pH van wyn gehad nie. Die moontlikheid bestaan dus om die sap-pH van Cabernet franc/R99 op granietgrond betekenisvol m.b.v. Ca- en Mg-bemesting te verlaag. Aangesien Ca(OH)2- en MgS04- bemesting die rypheidsgraad van Cabernet Sauvignon/101-14 Mgt se druiwe betekenisvol verhoog het, was dit onmoontlik om die effek van bemesting op sap-pH by Kersfontein te evalueer. Die algemene verskynsel dat 'n hoë lowerdigtheid tot hoë pH's in sap en wyn lei, is nie in die proef ondervind nie. Die lae lowerdigtheid van die kontrole persele en die verskil in rypheidsgraad tussen lowerbehandelings kan moontlik as rede hiervoor aangevoer word.

'Terroir' is a concept that is used in France, and increasingly elsewhere, to evoke character and quality in food and drink in relation to the place it comes from. In this thesis, I investigate how terroir has attained its present-day economic value and cultural resonance; how it is subject to multiple forms of articulation across France; and how it is put to use as part of the philosophies and practices of environmentally sustainable modes of production. I use cultural and historical modes of enquiry and I draw upon interviews, participant observation, discourse and archive analysis carried out on fieldwork in three production chains in eastern France; being wine production in Burgundy, walnut production in the Isère valley, and Reblochon cheese production in the Alps. In the course of this thesis, I elucidate the cultural significance and epistemology of the concept, and make arguments that propositions for terroir consist of both specific geographical extent and historical density of explanation; that the rhetorical assembly of stories about terroir permits claims for continuity in production and tradition; and that the adoption of organic and biodynamic methods of farming troubles inherited understandings of what terroir is, through the intervention of the lively propensities of biotic actors. This is a story about food, farming and culture in France that I tell to critically examine the local, loyal and constant predicates of terroir, and to make an original contribution to our understanding of the cultural and historical background to the French and European systems of geographical protection in food and drink.

Orientador: Maria Aparecida Anselmo Tarsitano / Banca: Antonio Lázaro Sant'Ana / Banca: Reginaldo Teodoro de Souza / Resumo: De modo geral, a viticultura paulista, com uma produção de 192.574 toneladas de uvas para mesa em 2009, tem como principais regiões produtoras, Campinas (34,4%), Itapetininga (28,6%), Sorocaba (15,1%) e Jales (14,8%). Na região de Jales a uva exige grande conhecimento técnico, sendo a irrigação, uso de reguladores vegetais e o sistema de podas, fundamentais para a produção de frutas com qualidade e fora da época de produção de outras tradicionais regiões produtoras. Apesar dos grandes avanços verificados no cultivo de uvas para mesa, há ainda dificuldades de manejo, que demandam pesquisas específicas, relacionadas ao manejo fitossanitário, adubação, irrigação e fisiologia, a fim de oferecer maior sustentabilidade ao cultivo de uvas finas e rústicas na região. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, analisar a sustentabilidade de sistemas de produção de uvas de mesa em pequenas propriedades rurais no EDR (Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural) de Jales, localizado na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Este trabalho faz parte de um projeto maior realizado em parceria com a Embrapa Uva e Vinho Unidade de Jales. Os dados foram levantados nos anos de 2009 e 2010, a partir de entrevistas, preenchimento de planilhas, aplicação de questionários e acompanhamento de um ciclo de produção da cultura. Dezenove produtores foram entrevistados e dez acompanhados para determinação de custos e lucratividade. Foi realizado análise de solo dos 19 produtores em suas parreiras, os resultados mostraram excesso de macro e micronutrientes nos solos pesquisados. Os produtores têm diversificado a produção e cultivam pelo menos três cultivares de uva, o controle de doenças e pragas é realizado de forma preventiva e intensa sendo realizadas aproximadamente 100 pulverizações para uvas finas e 50 para uva rústica 'Niagara Rosada'. O sistema de irrigação predominante é por ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The viticulture in São Paulo Estate, had produce 192,574 tonnes of table grape in 2009, the main producing regions are, Campinas (34.4%), Itapetininga (28.6%), Sorocaba (15.1%) and Jales (14.8%). In the region of Jales the grape requires great technical knowledge, and the irrigation, use of plant growth regulators and pruning system are fundamental for quality and fruit production off-season, of other traditional producing regions. Despite major advances recorded in the cultivation of table grapes, there are still difficulties management, which require specific research related to management plant, fertilization, irrigation and physiology in order to provide greater sustainability for the cultivation of fine and rustic grapes in the region. This study aims to analyze the sustainability of production systems of table grapes in small farms in Jales EDR (Office of Rural Development), located in northwest of Sao Paulo Estate. This work is part of a largest project developed in partnership with Embrapa Grape and Wine Unit Jales. The information was collected in 2009 and 2010, from interviews, completion of worksheets, questionnaires and monitoring of the culture cycle of production. Nineteen producers were interviewed and ten followed to determine the costs and profitability. Soil analysis was conducted of the 19 producers in their vines, the results showed excess of macro and micronutrients in soils studied. The producers have diversified production and mainly of then produce three different varieties of grapes, the control of diseases and pests have been did in preventive and intense way with approximately 100 sprays for fine grapes and 50 for the rustic grape 'Niagara Rosada'. The irrigation is predominantly by micro spray system. The cultivation of the vine has brought satisfactory results, however the initial investment for implementation of culture and production costs are higher in ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-02-01T19:39:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaraNCV_DISSERT.pdf: 2982680 bytes, checksum: 4c5a62af634af9865426863a56bff0dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-21T14:44:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaraNCV_DISSERT.pdf: 2982680 bytes, checksum: 4c5a62af634af9865426863a56bff0dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-21T14:48:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaraNCV_DISSERT.pdf: 2982680 bytes, checksum: 4c5a62af634af9865426863a56bff0dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T14:49:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaraNCV_DISSERT.pdf: 2982680 bytes, checksum: 4c5a62af634af9865426863a56bff0dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Brazilian viticulture currently occupies an area of 81,000 hectares, especially the Rio Grande do Sul and the agricultural hub Petrolina / Juazeiro-BA accounted for 95% of national fine table grapes exports. The cultivation of the vine is influenced by climate, which directly affects the development of culture, the occurrence of pests and diseases, the water needs and the quality of fruit. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the phenological development, soil moisture variations and vine production Syrah under five rootstocks (PE) and two driving systems (SC), and the variation of the microclimate in different systems as conduction and interfere with the quality of the fruit. The experiment was developed in the Trough of experimental field, in Petrolina, PE, during the second cycle of 2015. We used the Syrah, which is one of the main varieties used in the production of red wine in the São Francisco Valley, divided into blocks, subdivided into plots at random in each block were implanted two microclimate stations in the center of the area cultivated in both drive systems to obtain the microclimate data divided into blocks and divided in blocks. Throughout the crop development cycle measurements were performed in all treatments (SC x PE), in relation to the leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic active radiation below the canopy (PARabx), fraction of photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by the crop canopy (Fpari), soil moisture 0,20 me production and soil moisture at depths from 0.00 to 0.60 me fruit quality, in 4 treatments, results were evaluated statistically by the Tukey test a 5% probability. The results found that most microclimate variables only significant difference in the final stages of development of culture, parameters except for: albedo, ratio Rn / Rg and soil moisture. There was a significant difference when compared to the EP and SC. The maximum values of LAI presented in the SC in lira and the EP 'IAC 313'. fPARi presented the maximum values in the SC in lira and espalier, respectively, in the EP 'IAC 572' and 'IAC 313'. In both SC Fpari the minimum values were presented at the EP 'P1103'. The analysis of soil moisture in depth from 0.00 to 0.20 m, in both drive systems, the PE 'SO4' and 'P1103' showed higher water requirements. Analyzing soil moisture in depth from 0.00 to 0.60 m PE with the highest water requirement was 'P1103'. The lira driving system provided higher yield per plant in all PE, highlighting the 'IAC 313' with averages of 4.26 and 2.95 kg plant-1, in systems lira and espalier, respectively. We conclude that the conduction system in lira stands out in the production presented in great quality values, but the highest water requirements compared to the conduction system in espalier, as the rootstock 'IAC 572' showed great leaf development and smaller production values in the evaluated cycle / A viticultura brasileira ocupa atualmente, uma área de 81 mil hectares, com destaque para o Rio Grande do Sul e para o polo agrícola Petrolina-PE/Juazeiro-BA responsável por 95% das exportações nacionais de uvas finas de mesa. O cultivo da videira é influenciado pelo clima, que interfere diretamente no desenvolvimento da cultura, na ocorrência de pragas e doenças, nas necessidades hídricas e na qualidade dos frutos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o desenvolvimento fenológico, as variações de umidade do solo e a produção da videira cultivar Syrah, sob cinco porta-enxertos (PE) e dois sistemas de condução (SC), além da variação do microclima em diferentes sistemas de condução e como interferem na qualidade do fruto. O experimento foi desenvolvido no campo experimental de Bebedouro, em Petrolina, PE, durante segundo ciclo de 2015. Utilizou-se a cultivar Syrah, que é uma das principais cultivares utilizadas na produção de vinho tinto no Vale do São Francisco, dividido em blocos, subdividido em parcelas ao acaso, em cada bloco foram implantadas duas estações microclimáticas no centro da área cultivada em ambos os sistemas de condução para obtenção dos dados microclimáticos, divididos em blocos e subdivididos em blocos ao acaso. Durante todo o ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultura foram realizadas medidas, em todos os tratamentos (SC x PE), no que se refere ao índice de área foliar (IAF), radiação fotossinteticamente ativa abaixo do dossel (PARabx), fração da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa interceptada pelo dossel da cultura (fPARi), umidade do solo a 0,20 m e produção, bem como umidade do solo nas profundidades de 0,00 a 0,60 m e qualidade do fruto, em 4 tratamentos, resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados constataram que a maioria das variáveis microclimáticas só apresentaram diferença significativa nas fases finais de desenvolvimento da cultura, com exceção dos parâmetros: albedo, relação Rn/Rg e umidade do solo. Verificou-se diferença significativa quando comparados os PE e os SC. Os valores máximos de IAF apresentaram-se no SC em lira e no PE „IAC 313‟. A fPARi apresentou valores máximos nos SC em lira e espaldeira, respectivamente, nos PE „IAC 572‟ e „IAC 313‟. Em ambos os SC os valores mínimos de fPARi foram apresentados no PE „P1103‟. Na análise da umidade do solo na profundidade de 0,00 a 0,20 m, em ambos os sistemas de condução, os PE „SO4‟ e „P1103‟ apresentaram maiores necessidades hídricas. Analisando a umidade do solo na profundidade de 0,00 a 0,60 m o PE que apresentou maior necessidade hídrica foi o „P1103‟. O sistema de condução em lira promoveu maior produção por planta em todos os PE, destacando-se o „IAC 313‟ com médias de 4,26 e 2,95 Kg planta-1, nos sistemas em lira e espaldeira, respectivamente. Concluímos assim que o sistema de condução em lira se destaca na produção apresentado valores de qualidade ótimos, porém apresenta uma necessidade hídrica maior, quando comparado ao sistema de condução em espaldeira, já o porta-enxerto „IAC 572‟ apresentou grande desenvolvimento foliar e menores valores de produção no ciclo avaliado / 2017-02-01

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-02-20T12:52:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaLOFN_TESE.pdf: 1872841 bytes, checksum: c64fbcf4778cab52059b79b31b0f26ad (MD5) / Rejected by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br), reason: Corrigir CPF do prof. Glauber on 2017-02-23T15:27:57Z (GMT) / Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-02-23T15:30:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaLOFN_TESE.pdf: 1872841 bytes, checksum: c64fbcf4778cab52059b79b31b0f26ad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-21T15:01:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaLOFN_TESE.pdf: 1872841 bytes, checksum: c64fbcf4778cab52059b79b31b0f26ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T15:01:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaLOFN_TESE.pdf: 1872841 bytes, checksum: c64fbcf4778cab52059b79b31b0f26ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The viticulture has been expanding its cultivation in many regions of the country. Considering his success in the Northeast, in the Vale do São Francisco, research must be done to stimulate the development of this culture in new regions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the development of two grapevine cultivars produced in three rootstocks in Mossoró/RN, assessing maturity, quality and postharvest life of fruit. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Rafael Fernandesfrom 2013 to 2015. We used the design of randomized blocks with split plots for the three experiments. The first experiment evaluated the quality of the fruit in four crop cycles, with the rootstock (IAC 766, IAC 572 and IAC 313) in the plots and crop cycles subplots. In the second experiment, the treatments were three rootstocks (IAC 766, IAC 572 and IAC 313) and four maturity stages (14, 19, 24 and 28 days after the start of the color change of the berry) with five repetitions for Isabel Precoce. In the third experiment, we evaluated the shelflife of vine cultivars stored under refrigeration (4 ± 2 ° C and 95 ± 5% RH), where plots were assigned to rootstocks (IAC 766, IAC 572 and IAC 313) and time storage were assigned to the subplots. In third experiment for cultivar Isabel Precoce, storage times were 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days after harvest; to cultivar Itália Melhorada, were 8, 16, 24 and 32 days of storage after harvest. The characteristics evaluated for the three experiments were: mass of the bunch, number and berry mass, peel mass, berry length, berry diameter, color Berry (L, A * and B *), firmness (N) mass loss, wilting index stalk and injuries, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, SS/AT ratio, total and reducing sugars, anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. For the cycles of Isabel cultivar, the bunch weight and the number of berries were higher in the 3rd and 4th cycles; but the physical and chemical characteristics, as soluble solids, SS/AT ratio and sugar, were higher in the 1st cycle; as the bioactive compounds, phenolic and antioxidant activity was higher in the 4th harvest (first semester 2015). For cultivar Itália Melhorada, the 1st cycle gave higher soluble solids and SS/AT ratio, and the rootstock 766 shown superiority; in the second cycle, the mass of the bunch and number of berry was greater, and the rootstock 572 most massive result of the bunch. The ideal point of Isabel Precoce grape harvest is 28 days after the beginning of the maturation. The rootstock had a significant effect only for the SS/AT ratio, and highlight the IAC 766; for bioactive compounds, there was an increase with the maturation only for the phenolic content in the peel and pulp and anthocyanins, the other compounds did not vary throughout the maturation. Regarding storage the cultivar Isabel Precoce had a Shelflife relatively long, 50 days of storage at 4 ° C ± ± 2ºC and 90 ± 5% RH; the cultivar Itália Melhorada had a limited shelf life to 24 days of storage (4 ° C ± 2ºC and 90 ± 5% RH). As for the rootstocks used, the 766 and 572 had higher soluble sugar content for Isabel Precoce cultivar and higher soluble solids and total sugars to cultivar Itália Melhorada / A viticultura vem expandindo seu cultivo por várias regiões do país. Diante do seu sucesso na região nordeste, no Vale do São Francisco, pesquisas devem ser feitas visando estimular o desenvolvimento desta cultura em novas regiões. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade, maturação e potencial de conservação dos frutos de duas cultivares de videira, produzidas sob três porta-enxertos no município de Mossoró/RN. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, da UFERSA, no período de 2013 a 2015. Utilizou-se para os três experimentos o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas. O primeiro experimento avaliou a qualidade dos frutos em quatro ciclos da cultura, com os porta-enxertos (IAC 766, IAC 572 e IAC 313) nas parcelas e os ciclos da cultura nas subparcelas. No segundo experimento, os tratamentos foram três porta-enxertos (IAC 766, IAC 572 e IAC 313) e quatro estádios de maturação (14, 19, 24 e 28 dias após o início da mudança de cor das bagas) com cinco repetições para Isabel Precoce. No terceiro experimento, foi avaliada a vida útil das cultivares de videira armazenadas sob refrigeração (4 ± 2º C e 95 ± 5% UR), onde as parcelas foram atribuídas aos porta-enxertos (IAC 766, IAC 572 e IAC 313) e tempo de armazenamento, às subparcelas. As características avaliadas para os três experimentos foram: massa do cacho, número de bagas, massa das bagas, massa da casca, comprimento da baga, diâmetro da baga, cor da baga (L, a* e b*), firmeza (N), perda de massa, índice de murchamento do engaço e injurias, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), pH, relação SS/AT, açúcares totais e redutores, antocianinas, flavonoides, compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante. Para os ciclos da cultivar Isabel, o peso do cacho e número de bagas foram superiores no 3º e 4º ciclos, mas as características físico-químicas como sólidos solúveis, relação SS/AT e açúcar foram superiores no 1º ciclo; quanto aos compostos bioativos, os fenólicos e a atividade antioxidante foram maiores no 4º ciclo. Para a cultivar Itália Melhorada, o 1º ciclo proporcionou maiores teores de sólidos solúveis e relação SS/AT, tendo o porta-enxerto IAC-766 mostrado superioridade; já no segundo ciclo, foram maiores a massa do cacho e número de bagas, tendo o porta-enxerto IAC-572 maior resultado de massa do cacho. O ponto ideal de colheita de uvas Isabel Precoce é aos 28 dias após o início da maturação. O porta-enxerto teve efeito significativo apenas para a relação SS/AT, tendo destaque o IAC-766; para os compostos bioativos, houve aumento com a maturação apenas para os teores de fenólicos na casca e polpa e para as antocianinas, os demais compostos não variaram ao longo da maturação. Com relação ao armazenamento, a cultivar Isabel Precoce teve vida útil relativamente longa, 50 dias de armazenamento a 4º C ± 2ºC e 90 ± 5% UR; a cultivar Itália Melhorada teve sua vida útil limitada aos 24 dias de armazenamento (4º C ± 2ºC e 90 ± 5% UR). Quanto aos porta-enxertos utilizados, o IAC-766 e IAC-572 proporcionaram maiores teores de açúcares solúveis para a cultivar Isabel Precoce e maiores teores de sólidos solúveis e açúcares totais para a cultivar Itália Melhorada / 2017-02-20

Nas últimas décadas, ocorreram profundas reestruturações em diversas áreas, na ciência, na economia, na indústria, e conseqüentemente, nas organizações que compõem este cenário. A complexidade, velocidade e, competitividade existentes no cenário empresarial impõem a existência de formas organizacionais que permitam a rápida capacidade de aprendizagem e mudança. Existe espaço para justificar trabalhos de natureza teóricos e empíricos, ao se procurar verificar quais são os mecanismos de coordenação das formas híbridas, bem como verificar a efetividade da confiança, como um destes mecanismos e em que condições isto acontece. O foco central deste trabalho foi verificar o papel da confiança na definição de formas organizacionais. Por intermédio da elaboração de um framework, estudou-se a vitivinicultura brasileira, abrangendo a uva de mesa no Vale do São Francisco e o vinho na Serra Gaúcha. Além do foco central, as contribuições teóricas foram: trazer para o Agronegócio uma perspectiva mais abrangente de aplicação da Economia dos Custos de Transação, a elaboração de um conceito de coordenação a partir das abordagens presentes no framework, teste teórico e empírico a se confiança é um mecanismo de coordenação. A investigação baseou-se em dados coletados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, observação direta, entrevistas, questionários aplicados a 120 produtores na Serra Gaúcha. O objetivo principal do estudo foi analisar o papel da confiança na identificação de formas organizacionais na vitivinicultura brasileira, por meio da construção de um framework com vistas a uma possível integração teórica entre a Confiança, Teoria Organizacional (relações de dependência e interdependências) e Economia dos Custos de Transação. Os resultados encontrados permitem considerar a confiança como fator primordial na identificação de formas organizacionais, uma vez que se pôde considerá-la como um mecanismo de coordenação. O framework proposto mostrou-se consistente na identificação dos tipos de mecanismo de coordenação, tipos de confiança, e formas organizacionais presentes no Vale do São Francisco e na Serra Gaúcha. / In the last decades they happened deep restructurings in several areas, as in the science, in the economy, in the industry and consequently in the organizations that compose this scenery. The complexity, speed and existent competitiveness in the business scenery impose the existence of organizational forms that allow the fast learning capacity and change. Space exists to justify theoretical and empiric nature works, trying to verify which they are the mechanisms of coordination in the hybrid forms, as well as to verify the effectiveness of the trust as one of these mechanisms and in that conditions this happens. The central focus of this work was to verify the role of Trust in the definition of organizational forms. Through the application of a framework, brazilian viticulture was studied, including the table grape in Vale do São Francisco and the wine in Serra Gaúcha. Besides the central focus the theoretical contributions were:bring to Agrobusiness a more realistic dimension of the Economy of Transaction Costs, elaborate a concept of coordination based in present approaches of the framework, to test theoretical and empirically if trust is a coordination mechanism. The investigation based itself on data collected through bibliographical and documentary research, direct observation, interviews, questionnaires applied to 120 producers in the Serra Gaúcha. The main objective of the study was to analyze the role of trust in the identification of organizational forms in Brazilian viticulture, through the construction of a framework aiming a possible theoretical integration between Trust, Organizational Theory (relationships of dependence and interdependences) and Economy of Transaction Costs. The found results allow us to consider trust as a primordial elemnt in identificating organizational forms, since it can be considered a coordination mechanism. The proposed framework was shown solid; in identificating types of coordination mechanism, types of trust, and in the present organizational forms in Vale do San Francisco and in Serra Gaúcha.

The graduation thesis deals with history of winery and the culture of wine in the Czech Republic. In the first part the author focused on attribute of wineyard Pustina, its original and climatic charakteristics. There is a description od selected variaties of grapevine, which were used as experimental plants. The practical part of thesis is based on the result of experimental planting of chosen varieties of grapevine as recommendation for another wineyards with the same weather conditions as Pustina.