A Serra Gaúcha, localizada na região nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul, desde o início do século XX, é tida como a maior e mais conceituada área produtora de uva e de vinhos do Brasil, mais especificamente os municípios de colonização italiana antiga como Antonio Prado, Bento Gonçalves, Caxias do Sul, Garibaldi, Flores da Cunha e Monte Belo do Sul. Nos últimos trinta anos, uma série de mudanças afetou o mercado de vinhos, tornando-o mais competitivo e internacionalizado, levando as empresas aí instaladas a valorizar aspectos de sua produção que as diferenciassem e mantivessem sua posição de destaque no mercado nacional. Acompanhando uma tendência verificada em escala mundial, foram valorizados aspectos naturais ou aqueles que dizem respeito à cultura e/ou à tradição de origem italiana, característicos da região. Essa valorização do local e de suas particularidades, promovida num contexto de globalização neoliberal do capitalismo, contribuiu para que a área produtora de uva e de vinhos da Serra Gaúcha fosse fetichizada, o que resultou numa maior importância do turismo, que, neste momento e naquele lugar, passou a exercer um papel-chave, azeitando as engrenagens e ajudando no bom funcionamento do motor do capital. Vinícolas, poder público, camponeses, etc. passaram a enxergar no turismo, uma possibilidade de ampliar seus lucros ou rendimentos. Dessa forma, à partir do legado cultural transmitido pela imigração italiana, ao lado dos parreirais, vinícolas, fábricas e pequenas propriedades camponesas, o espaço agrário da área de produção vitivinícola da Serra Gaúcha recebeu a instalação de diversos roteiros turísticos, hotéis, pousadas, restaurantes e demais estruturas ou serviços voltados aos visitantes, transformando o caráter original daquele lugar - que passa a articular-se com os centros urbanos não somente como fornecedor de gêneros agrícolas, mas, agora também, como destinação turística. / Since the beginning of the 20th century, the Serra Gaúcha, a mountain region located in the northeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, is considered the grape and wine biggest and best producing area in Brazil, especially the counties of old Italian settling as Antonio Prado, Bento Gonçalves, Caxias do Sul, Garibaldi, Flores da Cunha and Monte Belo do Sul. During the last 30 years, a succession of changes has affected the wine market, turning it more competitive and internationalized, and has induced the companies established in the region to value some aspects of its production in order to distinguish themselves and keep their prominent position in the national market. Natural aspects as well as those related to the culture and/or to the Italian rooted tradition, typical of the region, have been appreciated, following a world trend. The appreciation of the local and its peculiarities has taken place in a context of capitalist neoliberal globalization and has contributed to the fetishism of the Serra Gaúcha. This process has resulted in a greater importance of the tourism, which starts to perform a key-role at the present, lubricating the gears and improving the functioning of the capital engine. Now, wineries, public power, peasants etc. regard the tourism as a possibility of profit and income increasing. Thus, the area is experiencing the creation of several tourist itineraries, hotels, inns, restaurants and other infra-structures and services for visitors, which capitalize on the cultural legacy transmitted by Italian immigration besides the grape fields, winery, manufactures and small peasant properties. All of these changes have shifted the original character of that region, which becomes now more articulated to the urban areas not just as agricultural supplier, but also as a tourist destination.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇAO PRONTA PRISCILA.pdf: 1224969 bytes, checksum: 6099db0950fec2d077f81a89a4cd88b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / As características dos vinhos provem do terroir de cada região combinados com os processos enológicos, dando origem a vinhos exclusivos e com características próprias. O Rio Grande do Sul hoje é o maior produtor de uva e vinho do país, sendo o Brasil o 13º em produção de vinho. Este trabalho teve por objetivo a caracterização de vinhos provenientes das regiões e vinícolas da Serra Gaúcha, Campanha Gaúcha, Fronteira Oeste e Centro do Rio Grande do Sul, onde foram realizadas análises físico-químicas: etanol, pH, fenóis e ácido tartárico no equipamento wineScan na Universidade UNIPAMPA. Já os parâmetros de cor obtidos através da absorbância dos comprimentos de onda 420nm, 520nm, 620nm, índice de polifenóis totais (D280nm), índice de cor e tonalidade foram quantificados no laboratório de Agronomia (LabAgro) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). As amostras foram coletas de vinhos já elaborados de Vitis viniferas tintas das variedades Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon e Tannat, e das variedades brancas, Riesling Itálico e Chardonnay. Para vinhos da variedade Cabernet Sauvignon destacamos a Fronteira Oeste com valores de fenóis 67,62 gLˉ¹, dentre as vinícolas destaca-se a vinícola “CV’’ com etanol 13,60% v/v e a vinícola ”SB’’ com o índices de polifenois totais 23,10. Os vinhos Merlot a região da Fronteira Oeste destacou-se com fenóis 78,39 gL ¹. As vinícolas ”MV” com etanol 13,07% v/v, e a vinícola “VM” com fenóis de 79,32 gLˉ¹. A região da Serra Gaúcha destaca-se para os vinhos Tannat com etanol 8 13,20% v/v, as vinícolas “L” com o índice de polifenois totais 29,50 e a vinícola “G” com 61,42 gLˉ¹ de fenóis. Os vinhos Riesling Itálico a região da Serra Gaúcha se mostrou superior em relação ao etanol com 10,94% v/v. A vinícola “P” destacou-se com etanol de 10,94 v/v%, e a vinícola “MV” com fenóis de 20,65 gLˉ¹. Os vinhos Chardonnay destaca-se a Campanha com etanol 12,98, fenóis. Destaque para os vnhos produzidos na vinícola “BS” com etanol de 13,71 v/v%, fenóis 35,72 gLˉ¹ e vinícola “DL” obteve absorbância 420nm que representa a cor amarela em 1,131. Palavras-chave: Vitis vinifera, Vitivinicultura, Vinícola, Físico-químico, Cor. / The characteristics of the wine comes terroir of each region combined to the winemaking process, giving rise to wines with unique characteristics. The Rio Grande do Sul is now the largest grape grower and wine country, and Brazil is the 13th in wine production. This study aimed to characterize wines from the regions and wineries in Serra Gaucha, Gaúcha Campaign, Western Border and Rio Grande do Sul Center, where physicochemical analyzes were performed: ethanol, pH, phenols and tartaric acid in Winescan equipment at the University UNIPAMPA. As for the color parameters obtained by absorbance of wavelengths 420nm, 520nm, 620nm, total polyphenol index (D280nm), color index and pitch were quantified in Agronomy Lab (LabAgro) of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel). Samples were collected wine already prepared in Vitis vinifera paints of Merlot varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Tannat, and white varieties, Riesling Italico and Chardonnay. For wines from Cabernet Sauvignon highlight the Frontier West with phenol values gLˉ¹ 67.62, among the wineries there is the wine "CV '' with ethanol 13,60% v / v and the winery" SB '' with the index total polyphenols 23.10. The Merlot wines of the region West Frontier stood out with phenols 78.39 g L ¹. The wineries "MV" with ethanol 13.07% v / v, and the winery "VM" with 79.32 gLˉ¹ phenols. The region of Serra Gaucha stands out for Tannat wines with ethanol 13.20% v / v, the wineries "L" with the index of total polyphenols 29.50 and the "G" winery with 61.42 gLˉ¹ phenols. The Riesling Italic wines the Serra Gaucha was superior in relation to ethanol with 10.94% v / v. The wine "P" highlighted with 10.94 v / v% ethanol, and wine "MV" 20.65 gLˉ¹ with phenols. The Chardonnay wines highlight the campaign with ethanol 12.98, phenols. Highlighting the vnhos produced in winery "BS" with ethanol 13.71 v / v%, phenols 35.72 gLˉ¹ and wine "DL" got 420nm absorbance representing the color yellow in 1,131.

Le vignoble du Beaujolais est l’un des plus connus au monde : sa notoriété s’est construite autour du Beaujolais nouveau, l’un de ses vins sous AOC permettant de faire découvrir le millésime à venir. Le modèle de développement du Beaujolais, fondé historiquement sur la reconnaissance du lien à l’origine, s’est peu à peu concentré sur ce vin primeur. Il a permis un essor fulgurant de la vitiviniculture locale durant la deuxième moitié du 20e siècle, orchestré par l’ensemble des acteurs de la filière. Mais au début du 21e siècle, le vignoble du Beaujolais est touché de plein fouet par la crise socio-économique vitivinicole, notamment due à la mondialisation de la production et les changements des modes de consommation. Les acteurs locaux réinterrogent alors son modèle de développement : dans ce contexte de mutations, comment faire perdurer le vignoble, sa production, son économie ainsi que les éléments identitaires et les aménités territoriales qu’il génère ? Ils doivent gérer un paradoxe spécifique au Beaujolais : si le nom du vignoble est célèbre à travers le monde entier, sa localisation géographique reste approximative, voire méconnue. Les stratégies mises en place allient ainsi compétitivité sur le marché, reconstruction d’une image liée à l’identité territoriale locale et valorisation de la construction sociale des terroirs. Elles engendrent différentes recompositions : de l’espace de production, des liens avec d’autres territoires de proximité (vignobles et bassins de consommation), mais aussi de la gouvernance du vignoble, passant d’une vision sectorielle à une démarche territoriale associant l’ensemble des acteurs locaux. L’approche systémique mise en œuvre dans ce travail apporte une vision globale du vignoble du Beaujolais et de ses stratégies de développement. L’étude des discours, de la construction sociale des identités vécue, vendue et perçue ainsi que les jeux d’acteurs de la gouvernance du système vitivinicole sont au cœur des réflexions. La notion de terroir vitivinicole dans toutes ses composantes est réinterrogée, face aux différentes stratégies locales mises en place. / Beaujolais is one of the best known wine regions in the world : its renown is based on that of Beaujolais nouveau wine, which has an AOC designation, allowing a preview of the vintage. The development of Beaujolais has historically been based on the region of origin but has gradually become focused on this young wine. This has allowed for a rapid expansion of local viticulture throughout the second half of the 20th century, brought about by the actors of the supply chain. However, at the beginning of the 21st century, Beaujolais experienced the full force of the socio-economic crisis affecting viticulture, mainly due to the globalization of production and changing trends for wine consumption. Therefore, local actors are rethinking their development model: in this changing context, how can they sustain the production and economic viability of this wine, as well as the strong local identity and the infrastructure it generates for the region ? There is a specific paradox for Beaujolais: although the name is known all around the world, the geographic location is approximately known or even completely unknown. The strategies that are put in place thus combine competitiveness in the market with an image linked with a local territorial identity and the value of social constructions in « terroirs ». These strategies result in various ways of restructuration : the production area, links with other local areas (vineyards and consumer bases), but also in how the wineries are governed, going from a very segmented vision to a more collective approach, bringing together all the actors from the local area. The systematic approach used in this study provides a global vision of the vineyards of Beaujolais and their development strategies. The current discourse, the social construction of an identity experienced, sold and perceived, as well as the challenges of actors governing the system of viticulture are all at the core of this study. The idea of a « terroir » of viticulture with everything included in this concept is reevaluated, with respect to the different local strategies implemented.

In Brazil, the grape is produced in several regions, but in the South that the culture of the vine has great economic importance because it has suitable climatic conditions for growing this species. The application continues to Bordeaux mixture as a fungicide has caused a rise in copper in vineyard soils, especially in the copper layers of soil, causing an increased bioavailability and causing greater phytotoxicity to plants. The phytotoxicity of copper depends on the relative distribution between the chemical forms of metal, which are related to physical and chemical properties of each soil, and the soluble metal in free or complexed with organic matter (OM) present, more phytotoxic to the forms in the form of insoluble salts or associated with organic matter, oxides and clays present in the soil solid phase. Copper is toxic to a wide variety of edaphic organisms, affecting growth, morphology and metabolism of microorganisms, and thus adversely affect the characteristics of soil organic matter (SOM), since these microorganisms are responsible for degradation. Also, copper has the ability to form stable complexes with the MOS, protecting it from the humification process, because the complex formation prevents these macromolecules are able to participate in other chemical reactions and undergo changes in its structure. The overall purpose of the thesis was to evaluate the relationship between MOS and copper in soil, related to the chemical characteristics of SOM and bioavailability of copper. For the development of theory, surface samples (0-10 cm) of six soils were collected in areas of vine with a history of systematic application of heavy metals and nearby areas with native plants without copper in Serra Gaucha region of Brazil. Studies of adsorption and desorption were done to verify the retention capacity of copper in the soil, and were related to studies of fractionation of copper used to quantify and qualify the ways of metal retention in different soil components. Four soils were incubated in plastic bags, with the addition of different amounts of copper (0, 200, 400, 600 and 1.200 mg kg-1), were collected periodically for chemical analysis. Some samples of these soils were selected for the creation of chemical fractionation to study the chemical characteristics of humic substances. The results showed that soils under native forest have low copper content, from 77.2 to 84.7 mg kg-1, linked mainly in fractions more stable as the residual and MOS compared to soils with a vineyard with levels total of 674.2 to 1154.6 mg kg-1, distributed in all fractions of soil, but the retention in the more stable fractions decreased of 51.0 to 78.2% of appropriations. Studies of adsorption and desorption showed that the soils have high adsorption capacity and high hysteresis occurs due to the presence of sites with high affinity for copper. The incubation studies showed that the presence of this metal in high concentration affects the process of humification of the SOM, which explains the fact that humic substances from soils of vineyards have less aromaticity with greater presence of functional groups compared to soil under native forest. The availability of this element was changed after the incubation period and may be related to the content of the fraction of humic acid (CAH) in the soil and changes in soil pH. Plant growth was affected with the increase of copper content available and was directly proportional to the fraction of fulvic acid (CAF). / No Brasil a uva é produzida em várias regiões, principalmente na pequena propriedade, porém é no sul do país que a cultura da videira tem grande importância econômica, pois seu cultivo é feito para suprir a demanda das indústrias de sucos e vinhos que foram implantadas na região pelos descendentes de italianos. A aplicação continua de calda bordalesa como fungicida tem causado uma elevação nos teores de cobre em solos de vinhedo, principalmente nas camadas superficiais de solos, provocando maior disponibilidade do elemento e causando fitotoxidade às plantas. A fitotoxidade do cobre depende da distribuição relativa entre as formas químicas desse metal, as quais são relacionadas às propriedades físico-químicas de cada solo, sendo as formas solúveis do metal, forma livre ou complexada à matéria orgânica (MO), mais fitotóxicas em relação às formas insolúveis na forma de sais ou associados à MO, óxidos e argilas presentes na fase sólida do solo. No solo, o cobre é tóxico para uma grande variedade de organismos, afetando o crescimento, a morfologia e o metabolismo de microrganismos, e dessa forma, provocando alteração nas características da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS), uma vez que esses microrganismos são responsáveis pela sua degradação. Também, o cobre possui a capacidade de formar complexos estáveis com a MOS, protegendo-a do processo de humificação, pois a formação dos complexos impede que essas macromoléculas estejam aptas a participar de outras reações químicas e sofrer modificações em sua estrutura. Os objetivos da tese foram: a) caracterizar formas e determinar adsorção/dessorção de cobre em solos com e sem histórico de aplicação de calda bordalesa; b) extrair e analisar a qualidade de substâncias húmicas de solos incubados com diferentes teores de cobre; e c) estimar a disponibilidade do cobre às plantas em solos com aplicação de diferentes teores de cobre. Para o desenvolvimento da tese, amostras superficiais (0 10 cm) de seis solos foram coletadas em áreas de vinhedos com histórico de aplicação sistemática de calda bordalesa e de áreas próximas com mata nativa sem adição de cobre na Serra Gaúcha. Estudos de adsorção e dessorção foram feitos para verificar a capacidade máxima de retenção do cobre no solo, e foram relacionados com estudos de fracionamento do cobre utilizados para quantificar e qualificar as formas de retenção do metal em diferentes componentes do solo. Quatro solos foram incubados em sacos plásticos, com adição de diferentes quantidades de cobre (0, 200, 400, 600 e 1.200 mg kg-1), sendo coletados periodicamente para análises químicas. Algumas amostras desses solos foram selecionadas para a realização do fracionamento químico para o estudo das características químicas das substâncias húmicas. Os resultados mostraram que solos sob mata nativa possuem baixo teor de cobre, entre 77,2 a 84,7 mg kg-1, ligados principalmente nas frações mais estáveis como a residual e de MOS, em comparação a solos com cultivo de videira com teores totais entre 674,2 a 1.154,6 mg kg-1, distribuídos em todas as frações do solo, porém a retenção nas frações mais estáveis diminui para 51,0 a 78,2%. Os solos possuem alta capacidade de adsorção e ocorre alta histerese devido à presença de sítios com alta afinidade com o cobre. Os estudos de incubação sugerem que a presença desse metal em alta concentração afeta a processo de humificação da MOS, que explica o fato das substâncias húmicas de solos de vinhedo ter menor aromaticidade com maior presença de grupamentos funcionais comparadas às de solos sob mata nativa. A disponibilidade desse elemento foi alterada após o período de incubação e pode estar relacionada ao teor da fração de ácidos húmicos (CAH) presentes no solo e a variação de pH do solo. O desenvolvimento das plantas foi afetado com a elevação do teor de cobre disponível e teve relação diretamente proporcional com a fração de ácidos fúlvicos (CAF).

Les pesticides utilisés en agriculture posent aujourd’hui des problèmes avérés sur le plan sanitaire et environnemental. Malgré l’implication du monde agricole et l’apport de financements publics significatifs, les politiques publiques déployées depuis 40 ans en matière d’agri-environnement peinent à atteindre leurs objectifs, là où les systèmes de production durables développés en réaction au modèle productiviste s’avèrent probants mais marginaux. La transition vers des systèmes de production plus respectueux de l’environnement demeure ainsi un défi pour les pouvoirs publics et l’agriculture conventionnelle : comment s’organiser collectivement pour « sortir des phytos » ? A partir de l’exemple d’un dispositif expérimental visant la suppression des herbicides en viticulture et initié par des professionnels de la filière, la thèse propose de réinterroger, par le prisme d’une sociologie de l’action, la capacité d’innovation du monde agricole et de réaction des pouvoirs publics en matière d’agri-environnement, en prenant comme clé de lecture l’analyse de l’action collective professionnelle se développant en-deçà des dispositifs institués d’action publique. La thèse montre que, dans de telles conditions, les objets, les mobiles et les collectifs de l’action environnementale ont pour propriétés d’être hétérogènes, équivoques, variables et flexibles, tout au long de leur mise en débat. Qu’il s’agisse des solutions alternatives mises en œuvre ou de leurs capacités de transfert, la pluralité et la variation des situations soulignent une impossibilité de standardisation, susceptible d’appeler des réponses institutionnelles différenciées pour un même problème d’environnement. / Pesticides used in agriculture are a known environmental problematic fact. Despite the involvement of agriculture and the contribution of significant public funding, agri-environmental public policies deployed for over 40 years struggle to achieve their goals, where sustainable production systems remain convincing but marginal. Faced with this context, designing and spreading alternative techniques to chemicals remains a challenge for government and professionals. From case of a professional project aiming at removing herbicides in the South West of France vineyards, this thesis proposes to re-examine, through the prism of a sociology that pay attention to action (less than actors), the innovation capacity of agriculture and the responsiveness of public authorities about agri-environment, focusing on the analysis of professional collective action as a way of regulating environmental public issues, and considering its development out, in parallel, upstream or below established public policies offer. The research shows that in such conditions, objects, mobiles and collectives comprised by environmental action are heterogeneous, ambiguous, variable and flexible, throughout their discussions. Plurality and change situations emphasize as much unpredictability of collective action that impossibility of standardization, that are likely to call (on the contrary) differentiated institutional responses to the same environmental problem.

This thesis describe the current situation of winegrowing in the territory of Znojmo, while also describe the evolution and assess the significance of the influence on the development of winemaking district - Znojmo, factors contributing to the regional development of winegrowing, forms of support for this sector, description of the problems in the winegrowing and what are the possibilities for further development of the region in connection with winegrowing. The theoretical part contains only shortly the basic theory of regional development, the thesis continues with a brief description Znojmo district, geographical and economic-social conditions of the territory, then briefly the evolution of winegrowing in the Czech Republic and in detail the evolution of winegrowing in the district of Znojmo. Furthermore author focused on legal aspects of winegrowing in the Czech Republic and the specific conditions of aid after the entry into the EU. Analytical part is focused on the questionnaire survey among inhabitants in the district of Znojmo and the elaboration of SWOT analysis. On the basis of it is then determined the rate of significance for the winegrowing district Znojmo and determined influential factors of development and indicated further opportunities for the development of the region in connection with winegrowing.

Historiographical production around Arequipa’s economy in the nineteenth century presents a well-known and commonplace scenario: a crisis in the wine industry and the rise of wool exports. However, since there is no real continuity between these two periods, decades of personal and collective efforts—public and private, domestic and foreign—made with the aim of countering the intricate economic situation of our early Republic have been overlooked. In this regard, using first-hand information, obtained mainly from notarial records, this research seeks first, to understand the regional economic situation during the initial decades of independence; and second, to ascertain the business fabric, and the forms of partnerships or companies that werestructured in Arequipa during those difficult early years of our Republic. / La producción historiográfica en torno a la economía arequipeña del siglo XIX nos presenta un panorama bastante conocido y frecuente, relacionado con la crisis de la industria vinatera y elauge de las exportaciones laneras; sin embargo, al no existir una verdadera continuidad entreestos dos períodos, ella ha pasado por alto varias décadas de esfuerzos personales y colectivos,públicos y privados, nacionales y extranjeros,realizados con el objetivo de contrarrestar la intrincadasituación económica de nuestros primeros años republicanos. En tal sentido, utilizandoinformación de primera mano, obtenida principalmente de protocolos notariales, el presente trabajode investigación busca en primer término, entender la situación económica regional durantelas primeras décadas de vida independiente y en segundo, conocer todo el tejido empresarial, queen forma de sociedades o compañías, se estructuró en Arequipa durante aquellos difíciles años de iniciación de nuestra República.

The diploma thesis deals with the needs of viticulture ZD Němčičky, on the basis of which it is proposed to financing the production hall. The first, theoretical part, contains basic information about wine regions in the Czech Republic, valid legislation, possibilities of financing and basic financial indicators. It was used the literature search method. The second, analytical part, deals with the compare of wine sector in the Czech Republic, Europe and the world. In the third, practical part, is introduced the winery ZD Němčičky and is carried out an analysis of their needs with the calculation of costs. The last part deals with proposals for financing, which is the aim of the diploma thesis.

This diploma thesis deals with a proposed development strategy for the family business Vinařství Hrozínek s.r.o. The first part of the work is devoted to the definition of relevant theoretical concepts. The second part deals with an analysis of the current state of the family winery and finally, based on the analysis, a draft strategy for the business development is proposed.

Thesis Theme is newly VITICULTURE. The building is divided into three operating units - restaurant operations, operation of the pension and viticulture operations. The building is set into the sloping terrain. The building has two floors and a basement. The building is designed from the system POROTHERM with reinforced concrete ceiling construction. The roof structure is designed as a single-layer flat roof, part of the winery is stabilized gravel, part of the hotel and restaurant is single-layer flat roof vegetation.