73f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-24T14:23:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Almeida, Gustavo.pdf: 558930 bytes, checksum: 9359cb2ec2079fcd2078a7ced369c692 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-05-03T19:19:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Almeida, Gustavo.pdf: 558930 bytes, checksum: 9359cb2ec2079fcd2078a7ced369c692 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-03T19:19:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Almeida, Gustavo.pdf: 558930 bytes, checksum: 9359cb2ec2079fcd2078a7ced369c692 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Esta tese surgiu das vivências propiciadas pela atuação do seu autor como professor da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), ao longo da década de 1990 no município de Itaberaba-Bahia, no que se refere a ter assistido a inúmeros comícios partidários nos quais observava a facilidade com que autoridades constituídas e candidatos a cargos eletivos prometiam instalar faculdades nos municípios por eles visitados. Ao longo desse período, pôde assistir a mais de uma dezena desses comícios realizados por partidos diversos, e em todos eles presenciado a mesma promessa de criação de faculdades para garantir à população a possibilidade de realização de cursos universitários que lhe permitisse formação acadêmica para ingresso no mercado de trabalho. Conhecedor da difícil realidade em que vivia a Universidade citada, caracterizada pela crônica escassez de recursos, espantava-se cada vez que ouvia aquelas promessas, e se indagava que condições tinha o governo do Estado para manter tantas faculdades que vinham sendo criadas, e as que estavam sendo prometidas, sem que os recursos financeiros para seu custeio sofressem um grande incremento. Tal preocupação foi o elemento primordial com vistas a iniciar a investigação a respeito de como o governo do Estado procedia para determinar a expansão da oferta de vagas no ensino superior pela UNEB. A opção foi a de realizar um estudo baseado na busca de fontes que esclarecessem as intenções governamentais de expandir a oferta de vagas, o que poderia constar dos planos de governo, divulgados no início de cada administração, os quais não foram encontrados. A solução encontrada foi recorrer aos depoimentos de sujeitos que estiveram envolvidos com os processos de criação/implantação dessas faculdades, o que efetivamente foi realizado através de entrevistas. Foram ouvidos todos os reitores das quatro universidades estaduais, quadros docentes que tiveram assento no Conselho Superior Universitário (CONSU), da UNEB, e munícipes membros de comissões de implantação. O estudo intenta descobrir quais critérios orientaram a ação do governo estadual, em diversas administrações, a promover a expansão da oferta de vagas na UNEB. Para tanto, procedeu-se a uma caracterização da contemporaneidade, em termos dos rumos que tem tomado a sociedade planetária, sejam eles econômico-políticos sejam socioculturais mostrando, em seguida, as funções da instituição universitária e sua importância, passando então a discutir a expansão da oferta de vagas pela UNEB nos anos 90, sob o prisma dos critérios que nortearam tal expansão. Conclui-se, desta investigação, que o viés político-partidário foi o fator determinante a conduzir a expansão aludida e que, embora tenha havido depoimentos informais sobre o reconhecimento da melhoria da qualidade do desempenho de egressos de alguns desses cursos, a instituição universitária em tela continua a padecer de sérios problemas derivados dessa grande expansão. / Salvador

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-08-17T12:23:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marjoryalmeidasantos.pdf: 820966 bytes, checksum: d1da0aeb5459cbc5594eab2fd2b09ed1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-24T11:40:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marjoryalmeidasantos.pdf: 820966 bytes, checksum: d1da0aeb5459cbc5594eab2fd2b09ed1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-24T11:40:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marjoryalmeidasantos.pdf: 820966 bytes, checksum: d1da0aeb5459cbc5594eab2fd2b09ed1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-09 / A presente dissertação, desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública, tem como objeto de estudo a evasão no ensino superior público, especificamente na UFJF. Neste contexto, o estudo também aborda a expansão de vagas no ensino superior público ocorrida nos últimos anos e a adoção da política de cotas pelas universidades públicas federais, fatores que podem ter contribuído para uma alteração no perfil dos alunos. Para a apresentação e análise dos dados, tomamos como base a evasão anual média da instituição, e foram considerados os grupos de ingresso, formados por alunos cotistas e não cotistas. As análises demonstraram que a UFJF não dispõe de informações e indicadores sobre os principais motivos de evasão na graduação, nos diversos grupos de ingresso. Por isso, este estudo de caso tem por objetivo propor um instrumento de gestão que proporcione à instituição informações e indicadores sobre os motivos da evasão na graduação, com a finalidade de adoção de mecanismos institucionais que a atenuem. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento de dados sobre a evasão na universidade estudada com alunos ingressantes entre 2010 e o primeiro semestre de 2015. O levantamento realizado aborda grupos de ingresso, ano de cancelamento de matrícula e os cursos, além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas com os gestores da Pró-Reitoria de Graduação, Pró-Reitoria de Assistência Estudantil e Educação Inclusiva, Diretoria de Ações Afirmativas e Coordenadoria de Assuntos e Registros Acadêmicos. As entrevistas comprovaram a falta de informações precisas sobre a evasão e suas causas e possibilitaram um melhor conhecimento sobre algumas propostas e necessidades dos gestores, além de comprovar que a evasão é, sem dúvidas, um problema de gestão institucional. Nessa perspectiva, o Plano de Intervenção propõe uma sistematização dos dados sobre a evasão e a criação de uma comissão especial para discutir a evasão na UFJF. / This works, developed for the Professional Master in Management and Evaluation of Public Education, has as study object the evasion in public higher education, specifically in the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF). In this context, this study also addresses the expansion of vacancies in public higher education that occurred in recent years, and the adoption of quota policy by the federal public universities, factors that may have contributed to a change in the profile of students. For the data presentation and analysis, we took as base the annual evasion in the institution, and they were considered the enrollment groups, formed by quota and non-quota students. The analyses showed that the UFJF does not have information and indicators about the main reasons for dropout in the undergraduate study groups. Therefore, this case study aims to propose a management tool that provides the institution with information and indicators on the reasons for graduation evasion, with the purpose of adopting institutional mechanisms which may reduce it. For that, it was made a survey of data on evasion in the studied university with students entering between 2010 and the first semester of 2015. The survey carried out deals with admission groups, year of cancellation of enrollment, and the courses. In addition, interviews were conducted with the managers of the Undergraduate ProRector Office, the Student Assistance and Inclusive Education Pro-Rectory, Affirmative Action Directorate and Coordination of Academic Affairs and Records. The interviews proved the lack of accurate information about the evasion and its causes, and allowed a better knowledge about some of the proposals and needs of the managers, besides proving that evasion is undoubtedly a problem of institutional management. From this perspective, the Intervention Plan proposes a systematization of data on evasion and the creation of a special commission to discuss evasion in the Federal University of Juiz de Fora.

The aim of the thesis is to analyse the process of filling vacancies with the Police of the Czech Republic, to identify the advantages of the process in use, and its disadvantages and to suggest suitable actions to solve the identified problems. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the base for reaching the defined aim, it concerns HR activities prior to filling vacancies, filling vacancies itself, recruitment, selection and hiring the employees and their adaptation. The theoretical findings are applied to the Police of the Czech Republic in the practical part of the thesis. The system of recruitment, selection, hiring and adapting policemen is described and evaluated in the practical part. Consequently, possible suggestions to improve the current situation are presented in relevant chapters.

Det har alltid funnits tomma och outhyrda lokaler i Stockholm. Vakanser är något som alltid har funnits, och därför också känns som ett ständigt aktuellt ämne. Fastighetsföretag har alltid försökt se till att så mycket som möjligt av lokalerna är uthyrda, men vilka strategier finns och används vid frågor om vakans? Studien undersöker vad som sägs på marknaden i Stockholm. Med hjälp av intervjuer av ansvariga inom detta ämne hos olika kommersiella fastighetsföretag har en bild med tankar och åsikter från dessa personer målats upp för att få en inblick i vad som är viktigt att tänka på när det gäller vakanser. En enkät har också skickats ut för att få en bredare uppfattning hur de kommersiella fastighetsföretagen agerar i olika situationer, vilken strategi kring vakanser de har. Företagen har samma åsikt om hel del frågor. De är överrens om att det finns mycket pengar att tjäna genom att se till att den nuvarande hyresgästen sitter kvar i lokalen. Att få in en ny hyresgäst i lokalen går inte att göra på en dag. Det kan ta månader innan den nya hyresgästen är på plats, och vakanser är lika med förlorade pengar. Det är därför viktigt att ha en bra relation med sin hyresgäst. De frågor som ställdes som fick olika svar var bland annat hur företagen agerar för att påverka antalet lediga lokaler, vad som görs vid uppsägning av kontrakt, vad man tycker om hyresgästrepresentanter, hur de ser på ett eventuellt priskrig, varför man inte har 100 % uthyrda lokaler, hur man ser på dold vakans och vilka lokaler som är mest efterfrågade i Stockholm, På de flesta frågor har en klar majoritet av uthyrarna samma åsikt. Ingen uthyrare ger några stora rabatter till hyresgästerna. Uthyrarna vet att det är dyrt att flytta. Det finns heller inget som tyder på att en uthyrare skulle sänka sina priser bara för att en konkurrent gör det, och på sätt hamna i ett priskrig. De flesta uthyrare tycker det är skönare att förhandla direkt med hyresgästen istället för att gå genom en hyresgästrepresentant. Vilka parametrar som är viktigast i en lokal, får många olika svar i undersökningen. Nya lokaler och möjlighet att skapa rum och ny planlösning är de populäraste svaren. Få företag oroar sig för att det ska bli en högre vakansgrad i närmaste framtiden. De flesta tror att marknaden kommer vara oförändrad. / There have always been empty and vacant premises in Stockholm. Vacant space is something that has always existed, and therefore feels like a recurring topic. Property companies has always tried to ensure that as much as possible of the premises are leased, but what strategies are in place in the issues of vacancy? The study examines what is said in the market in Stockholm. Using interviews of people responsible in this line of work from various commercial real estate companies, by studying and analyzing thoughts and opinions of what these people have to say get a glimpse of what's important to think about in terms of vacancies. A survey was also sent out to get a wider understanding of how the commercial real estate firms act in different situations, the strategy around the vacancies they have. Companies have the same opinion on many questions. They agreed that there is much money to be made by ensuring that the current tenant remains in the premises. Getting a new tenant into the premises can´t be done in a day. It can take months before the new tenant is in place, and vacancies mean lost money. It is therefore important to have a good relationship with his tenant. On most issues, a clear majority of the property companies have the same opinion. No company provides big discounts. They know it's expensive to move. There is also no evidence to suggest that a company would lower their prices just because a competitor does, and end up in a price war. Most companies find it more comfortable to negotiate directly with the tenant instead of going through a tenant representative. The answers differ on what parameters are most important in an office space. The most popular answers are new spaces and the ability to make a new floor plan Very few companies worry about if there will be a higher vacancy rate in the near future. Most believe that the market will remain unchanged.

No description available.

In order to assist governments in ensuring efficient housing markets and providing access to suitable housing conditions for all people, research about the functioning of housing markets is needed. My thesis, which is comprised of three essays that repre-sent the main chapters, contributes to the research on the economic processes that work within housing markets, especially with regard to challenges that arise from ur-ban concentration. In particular, I study the following research questions: • What are causes of vacancies in the housing market? • What are the effects of real estate transfer taxes on activity in the housing market? • What are the differences between counties in the provision of technical infra-structure? 1. Causes of Vacancies We summarize theoretical approaches, which may explain the mechanisms leading to vacancies under the assumptions of the standard market model, search and matching theory and behavioral economics. Concerning the latter, we propose a new frame-work to explain why and under which conditions homeowners are hesitant to sell their dwellings, which may lead to vacancies. In this framework, we highlight the fact that even if buyers and sellers are homogenous individuals, their willingness to pay differs depending on market developments. Under the assumptions of the standard market model, we hypothesize that vacancies only arise if the market price equals the suppliers’ minimum price. Next to that, we identify the following factors that could explain an increase in vacancies: Greater market power, higher heterogeneity between dwellings, low holding costs of dwellings, high list prices, a high share of small dwell-ings, less intermediaries and a shorter mandatory period of notice of tenants. Despite the wide range of models explaining vacancies, there is need for new theoretical frameworks. We evaluate the identified hypotheses in the theoretical literature by comparing them with the results found in the empirical studies. Some hypotheses have either been in-vestigated by the empirical literature only to a limited degree or have not been inves-tigated at all. Next to the positive analysis of the mechanisms that cause vacancies, we need to pose the normative question, if and under which circumstances vacancies should be considered problematic. Vacancies in the short run may be a necessity in a search and matching context to reach an efficient market outcome; i.e., to offer poten-tial buyers a heterogeneous pool of options to choose from and to fit their individual needs. Additionally, with the assumptions of behavioral economics, an owner of a vacant dwelling might find greater pleasure in speculating with the object than a buyer would enjoy living in it. However, vacancies could indicate a welfare loss if caused by a monopoly that artificially reduces the housing supply on a market. A reduction of information asymmetry could reduce vacancies and increase welfare. 2. Effects of Real Estate Transfer Taxes German states can set their own real estate transfer tax rates. To date, the real estate transfer tax rates range between 3.5% and 6.5%. Although the tax rates do not seem to be particularly high, the tax results in a relatively high tax amount to be paid; even small changes in the tax rate may cause buyers to accelerate a planned transaction to pay a lower tax rate. In our empirical analysis of different German states, we estimate that a one-percentage-point increase in the transfer tax produces significant anticipation effects for the month just before a tax is increased (about 43% more transactions before and 44% less after) and yields approximately 6% fewer overall transactions and therefore much lower market activity. We show that in many cases, the former first-best option – to buy or sell a single-family home – is apparently no longer the optimal choice. Thus, we expect ownership rates to decrease as letting apartments becomes more attractive than selling. This questions the wisdom of real estate transfer tax increases when other political measures that attempt to support homeownership creation are in place. Addi-tionally, retired households, which tend to stay in houses that are too large after their children have left, could be discouraged from downsizing to their actual needs. Indi-viduals may forgo better job offers in other regions or accept longer commutes, which can have negative consequences on urban labor markets. 3. Efficiency of County Road Provision When houses in urban areas are expensive, an adequate road network allows residents to locate further away from agglomeration centers. This takes pressure off housing prices and infrastructure systems in cities and supports housing markets in rural areas. I use the example of county roads to study whether counties differ in their efficiency of the provision of infrastructure. Efficiency refers to the use of economic resources (input) in the most technologically efficient manner to produce a certain amount of output. Studies on the efficient provision of roads incorporated the ‘quantity’ of roads (e.g., the length of the road network) and the ‘quality’ of roads (e.g., an index that measures road condition) as the relevant output indicators. I address two major problems of previous studies. First, to measure the quality of roads, I acquired new and improved data on road condition by county governments. Second, I focus on the data referring to a road network of approximately the same age. An old road network asks for more frequent maintenance and thus higher costs. Therefore, it is possible that governments with an older road network in their region could be identified as less efficient than governments with a newer road network, even if they do not actually employ their financial resources in a less efficient manner. The results of my study indicate that there are substantial efficiency differences and efficiency reserves in the provision of roads in eastern German counties: Depending on the specification, in the median county, the same level of outputs (i.e., area of roads and road condition) could be achieved using 48% to 70% fewer inputs (i.e., expendi-tures). I also find that my results differ greatly from existing studies applying proxy data for the quality of roads (e.g., the number of accidents).

[pt] Este trabalho demonstra como web mining, processamento de linguagem natural e aprendizado de máquina podem ser combinados para melhorar a compreensão de vagas de emprego segmentando semanticamente os textos de suas descrições. Para atingir essa finalidade, foram coletados dados textuais de três grandes sites de vagas de emprego: Catho, LinkedIn e VAGAS.com.br. Baseado na literatura, este trabalho propôe uma estrutura semântica simplificada em que cada sentença da descrição da vaga de emprego pode pertencer a uma dessas classes: Responsabilidades, Requisitos, Benefícios e Outros. De posse dessa ideia, a tarefa de segmentação semântica pode ser repensada como uma segmentação de sentenças seguida de uma classificação. Usando o Python como ferramenta, são experimentadas algumas formas de construção de atributos a partir de textos, tanto léxicas quanto semânticas, e quatro algoritmos clássicos de aprendizado de máquina: Naive Bayes, Regressão Logística, Máquina de Vetores de Suporte e Floresta Aleatória. Como resultados, este trabalho traz um classificador (Regressão Logística com representação binária) com 95.58 porcento de acurácia, sem sobreajuste de modelo e sem degenerar as classificações por desbalanceio de classes, que é comparável ao estado da arte para Classificação de Texto. Esse classificador foi treinado e validado usando dados do Catho, mas foi testado também nos dados do VAGAS.com.br (88.60 porcento) e do LinkedIn (91.14 porcento), apresentando uma evidência de que seu aprendizado é generalizável para dados de outros sites. Além disso, o classificador foi usado para segmentação semântica das vagas de emprego e obteve uma métrica Pk de 3.67 porcento e uma métrica WindowDiff de 4.78 porcento, que é comparável ao estado da arte de Segmentação de Texto. Por fim, vale salientar duas contribuições indiretas deste trabalho: 1) uma estrutura para pensar e analisar vagas de emprego e 2) uma indicação de que algoritmos clássicos também podem alcançar o estado da arte e, portanto, sempre devem experimentados. / [en] This dissertation demonstrates how web mining, natural language processing, and machine learning can be combined to improve understanding of job openings by semantically segmenting the texts of their descriptions. To achieve this purpose, textual data were collected from three major job sites: Catho, LinkedIn and VAGAS.com.br. Based on the literature, this work proposes a simplified semantic structure in which each sentence of the job description can belong to one of these classes: Responsibilities, Requirements, Benefits and Others. With this idea, the semantic segmentation task can be rethought as a sentence segmentation followed by a classification. Using Python as a tool, some ways of constructing features from texts are tried out, both lexical and semantic, and four classic machine learning algorithms: Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest. As a result, this work presents a classifier (Logistic Regression with binary representation) with 95.58 percent accuracy, without model overfitting and without degeneration by class unbalance, which is comparable to state-of-the-art for Text Classification. This classifier was trained and validated using Catho data, but was also tested on VAGAS.com.br (88.60 percent) and LinkedIn (91.14 percent) data, providing evidence that its learning is generalizable to data from other sites. In addition, the classifier was used for semantic segmentation of job openings and obtained a Pk metric equals to 3.67 percent and a WindowDiff metric equals to 4.78 percent, which is comparable to state-of-the-art for Text Segmentation. Finally, it is worth highlighting two indirect contributions of this work: 1) a structure for thinking and analyzing job openings and 2) an indication that classical algorithms can also reach the state of the art and therefore should always be tried.

In this dissertation, we used a combination of several synchrotron-based x-ray spectroscopic techniques to investigate the effects of strain, ionic defect formation, and heteroengineering in strongly-correlated electronic systems. First, we introduce a method to control and stabilize oxygen vacancies in complex transition-metal oxide thin films. In our approach, we utilized atomic layer-by-layer pulsed laser deposition (ALL laser PLD) from two separate targets to synthesize high-quality single crystalline CaMnO3 films under coherent tensile strain, varying systematically from +0.8% to +4%. An increase of the oxygen vacancy content in the single-crystalline CaMnO3 thin films with applied in-plane strain was experimentally observed using high-resolution soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in conjunction with bulk-sensitive hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Our experimental results were verified using first-principles theory and atomic core-hole multiplet calculations. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of protecting the surfaces of CaMnO3 thin-films with thin Pt layers in-situ in order to stabilize the oxygen vacancy content. Next, we discuss the role of oxygen vacancies in driving the metal-insulator transition in LaNiO3 thin films. Here, we also use atomic layer-by-layer pulsed laser deposition (ALL laser PLD) from two separate targets to synthesize high-quality single-crystalline LaNiO3 films with systematically varying thicknesses, ranging from 1 u.c. to 50 u.c. An increase in the oxygen vacancy content was observed with the decreasing LaNiO3 film thickness using XAS. A higher concentration of oxygen vacancies was observed for the ultrathin insulating films (<1.5 u.c.). The experimental results were compared to first-principles theoretical calculations. We found that LaNiO3 exhibits room-temperature metallic behavior for thicknesses down to 1.5 u.c., which is the lowest value reported to date. Finally, we have investigated an atomically-abrupt interface between the paramagnetic LaNiO3 and the antiferromagnetic CaMnO3 thin films. The interface between these two complex oxides exhibits interfacial ferromagnetism, which can be tuned via a thickness-dependent metal-insulator transition in LaNiO3. Here, we used depth-resolved standing-wave photoemission spectroscopy (SW-XPS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and XAS to observe a depth-dependent charge reconstruction occurring at the LaNiO3/CaMnO3 interface. Our elemental standing-wave rocking-curve analysis revealed the depth-dependent changes of the Mn and Ni valence states at the interface, yielding increased amounts of Mn3+ and Ni2+ cations at the interface. These results suggest Mn4+-Mn3+ ferromagnetic double exchange and Ni2+-Mn4+ superexchange as possible underlying causes of the emergent interfacial ferromagnetism. / Physics

No description available.

A national education policy proposal to integrate adult basic education and training (ABET) in South Africa came about largely because of pressure from trade unions to introduce training at the workplace which would make workers more marketable in case of retrenchment. Workplace ABET programmes provide literacy and numeracy skills, after which some workers have a chance of joining further training opportunities provided by their employers. The Independent examinations Board (JEB) provides adult examinations and certifies those learners who pass. This study aims to find out whether the ABET certificates issued by the IBB, particularly Level 3 certificates, open up job opportunities for their holders. A qualitative approach was adopted to research the views of ABET learners and their managers. A small scale survey was undertaken in which four industries providing ABET in the Gauteng area were visited. Interviews were conducted to access information on learners’ and managers’ views on ABET certification. This proved a suitable method for the study because the researcher managed to build confidence in learners and at times used the learners’ home language to clarify questions. The study concludes that ABET empowered learners by giving them reading, writing and communication skills. These skills helped them in building their confidence when communicating with their supervisors and to work with less supervision. On the other hand the study showed that there was no direct relationship between the certificates that learners earned and work opportunities. Managers could not clearly identify the kind of work that learner who had attained ABET Level 3 certificates could perform. The recommendations call for a clear' policy by both unions and employers on ABET. Workers need to be rewarded for the effort they put into learning, even if the rewards are not the reasons which lead them to learn.