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Au cours des maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV), il peut se produire divers problèmes de santé, telle que l’insuffisance cardiaque ou encore l’HTA. Ces phénomènes se caractérisent, entre autres, par une augmentation de synthèse d’endotheline-1 (ET-1), un neuropeptide synthétisé par les cellules endothéliales ayant un effet vasoconstricteur sur les cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires (CMLV). Ainsi, la surexpression de ce vasopeptide, mène à terme, au maintien de l’HTA aggravée des sujets, précédée ou concomitante à l’athérosclérose ou à la resténose, cliniquement illustrées par une prolifération et une migration anormale des CMLV de la media vers l’intima des vaisseaux sanguins. Parallèlement, il a été observé que la protéine sirtuine-1 (Sirt-1), membre de la famille des protéines histones déacétylases (HDAC), présente des propriétés anti-athérosclérotiques par sa capacité d’atténuer la prolifération et la migration des CMLV. Des travaux récents ont aussi montré qu’au cours de l’HTA la protéine Sirt-1 est faiblement exprimée dans les CMLV. Son implication dans le développement des pathologies vasculaires semble apparente, mais des études demeurent nécessaires pour décrire son rôle exact dans la pathogenèse des MCV. Dans cette optique, l’objectif de cette étude a été d’observer la variation d’expression de Sirt-1 dans les CMLV, isolées de l’aorte ascendante de rat, en réponse à l’ET-1. On a remarqué qu’une heure de stimulation des CMLV avec l’ET-1 induit une diminution de l’expression de Sirt-1 via l’activation des récepteurs ETA. Ces résultats suggèrent que la capacité d’ET-1 à atténuer l’expression de Sirt-1 serait un éventuel mécanisme d’action avec des effets favorisant les MCV. / Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are associated with several vascular dysfunctions such as heart failure and hypertension. These phenomena cause increased synthesis of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a neuropeptide, synthesized by endothelial cells which has vasoconstrictor action on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Overexpression of this vasopeptide leads eventually to hypertension (HTA). This usually happen after atherosclerosis or restenosis, leading to proliferation and migration of VSMC from media to intima. It was shown that during atherosclerosis, the protein sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1), a member of protein histone deacetylases (HDAC), has an anti-atherosclerotic effect due to its ability to diminish proliferation and migration of VSMC. It has also been observed that during hypertension, Sirt-1 was poorly expressed in VSMC. Its role in vascular pathophysiology remains sparsely studied, therefore it’s essential to explore it. In the present study we investigated the expression of Sirt-1 in VSMC isolated from the ascending aorta of rats, in response to ET-1 stimulation. We observed that Sirt-1 expression decreases after 1 hour of stimulation by ET-1 via ETA receptors. In summary, these results suggest that the ability of ET-1 to attenuate Sirt-1 expression in VSMC, may be a potential mechanism for promoting CVD.

A vasodilatação promovida pela triiodotironina (T3) ocorre por sua ação direta sobre o relaxamento das células musculares lisas vasculares (CMLV), porém os mecanismos envolvidos são desconhecidos. Neste estudo mostramos que o T3 rapidamente relaxa as CMLV através da geração de óxido nítrico (NO), via óxido nítrico sintase neuronal e induzível (nNOS e iNOS), efeitos mediados pela sinalização PI3K/Akt. Ensaios funcionais em aortas sem endotélio, incubados com T3, mostraram menor resposta contrátil a Fenilefrina (FE), efeito este revertido pelo L-NAME, inibidor da NOS. Aortas de ratos hipertiroideos apresentaram aumento do receptor de Angiotensina II (AngII) do tipo 2 (AT2), acompanhado de diminuição de proteínas contráteis. In vitro o T3 diminui estas proteínas contráteis via AT2. Aortas sem endotélio dos ratos hipertiroideos apresentaram menor reatividade a AngII e maior relaxamento ao nitroprussiato de sódio (NPS), efeitos estes mediados via AT2. Por fim, observamos que o T3 é capaz de induzir produção de NO nas CMLV via PI3K/Akt, a qual é ativada pelo AT2 / 3,3\',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) has been shown to induce vasodilation by its direct effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). However, the mechanism by which T3 causes VSMC relaxation is still unknown. Here, we have shown that T3 causes rapid relaxation of VSMC via increased NO production from inducible and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS). We further showed that these effects were mediated by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Vascular reactivity studies showed that endothelium-denuded aortas treated with T3 had a decreased response to phenylephrine which was reserved by L-NAME, NOS inhibitors. Aortas from hyperthyroid rats showed an upregulation of AT2 accompanied by decreased of contractile proteins. In vitro we observed that T3 decreases contractile proteins via AT2. Furthermore, endothelium-denuded aortas from hyperthyroid rats showed a decreased response to angiotensinII and augmented relaxation to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) via AT2 participation. Our data also suggests that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in T3-induced NO production in VSMC via AT2.

A vasodilatação promovida pela triiodotironina (T3) ocorre por sua ação direta sobre o relaxamento das células musculares lisas vasculares (CMLV), porém os mecanismos envolvidos são desconhecidos. Neste estudo mostramos que o T3 rapidamente relaxa as CMLV através da geração de óxido nítrico (NO), via óxido nítrico sintase neuronal e induzível (nNOS e iNOS), efeitos mediados pela sinalização PI3K/Akt. Ensaios funcionais em aortas sem endotélio, incubados com T3, mostraram menor resposta contrátil a Fenilefrina (FE), efeito este revertido pelo L-NAME, inibidor da NOS. Aortas de ratos hipertiroideos apresentaram aumento do receptor de Angiotensina II (AngII) do tipo 2 (AT2), acompanhado de diminuição de proteínas contráteis. In vitro o T3 diminui estas proteínas contráteis via AT2. Aortas sem endotélio dos ratos hipertiroideos apresentaram menor reatividade a AngII e maior relaxamento ao nitroprussiato de sódio (NPS), efeitos estes mediados via AT2. Por fim, observamos que o T3 é capaz de induzir produção de NO nas CMLV via PI3K/Akt, a qual é ativada pelo AT2 / 3,3\',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) has been shown to induce vasodilation by its direct effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). However, the mechanism by which T3 causes VSMC relaxation is still unknown. Here, we have shown that T3 causes rapid relaxation of VSMC via increased NO production from inducible and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS). We further showed that these effects were mediated by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Vascular reactivity studies showed that endothelium-denuded aortas treated with T3 had a decreased response to phenylephrine which was reserved by L-NAME, NOS inhibitors. Aortas from hyperthyroid rats showed an upregulation of AT2 accompanied by decreased of contractile proteins. In vitro we observed that T3 decreases contractile proteins via AT2. Furthermore, endothelium-denuded aortas from hyperthyroid rats showed a decreased response to angiotensinII and augmented relaxation to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) via AT2 participation. Our data also suggests that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in T3-induced NO production in VSMC via AT2.

Le stress oxydatif est impliqué dans l’expression du récepteur B1 des kinines (RB1) dans différents modèles de diabète et d'hypertension. Puisque l'angiotensine II (Ang II) et l'endothéline-1 (ET-1) sont des peptides prooxydants impliqués dans les maladies cardiovasculaires, leur contribution dans l'augmentation de l'expression du RB1 a été étudiée dans des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires (CMLV). Le QRT-PCR et l’immunobuvardage de type Western ont été utilisés pour mesurer l’expression du RB1 dans des CMLV dérivées de la lignée A10 et de l’aorte de rats Sprague-Dawley. Cette étude montre que l’Ang II augmente l’expression du RB1 (ARNm et protéine) en fonction de la concentration et du temps (maximum 1 μM entre 3-6 h). Cette augmentation implique le récepteur AT1, la PI3K et le NF-κB, mais non le récepteur AT2 et ERK1/2. Aussi, le récepteur ETA de l’ET-1 est impliqué dans la réponse à l’Ang II à 6-8 h et non à 1-4 h. Par contre, l’ET-1 augmente l’expression du RB1 (maximum 2-4 h) via la stimulation des récepteurs ETA et ETB. L’augmentation du RB1 causée par l’Ang II et l’ET-1 est bloquée par les antioxydants (N-acétyl-cystéine et diphénylèneiodonium). Ces résultats suggèrent que l’Ang II induit le RB1 dans les CMLV par le récepteur AT1 dans la première phase, et par la libération d’ET-1 (majoritairement par ETA) dans la phase tardive, via le stress oxydatif et l’activation de la PI3K et du NF-κB. Ces résultats précisent le mécanisme impliqué dans la surexpression du RB1 ayant des effets néfastes dans le diabète et l'hypertension. / Oxidative stress is involved in the overexpression of kinin B1 receptor (B1R) in various models of diabetes and hypertension. Since angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) are pro-oxidative peptides involved in cardiovascular diseases, their contribution in increasing the expression of B1R was examined in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). QRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to measure the expression of B1R in VSMC derived from A10 cell line and the aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats. This study shows that Ang II increases the expression of B1R (mRNA and protein) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (maximum 1 μM between 3-6 h). This increase involves AT1 receptor, PI3K and NF-κB, but not AT2 receptor and ERK1/2. Moreover, ETA receptor is involved in the effect of Ang II at 6-8 h but not at 1-4 h. However, ET-1 increases expression of B1R (maximum 2-4 h) via stimulation of ETA and ETB receptors. Ang II and ET-1-induced increase expression of B1R is blocked by antioxidants (N-acetyl-L-cysteine and diphenyleneiodonium). These results suggest that Ang II induces B1R in VSMC by AT1 receptor in the first phase and by releasing ET-1 (predominantly by ETA receptor) in the late phase, via oxidative stress and activation of PI3K and NF-κB. These results clarify the mechanism involved in the overexpression of B1R which has adverse effects in diabetes and hypertension.

Le stress oxydatif est impliqué dans l’expression du récepteur B1 des kinines (RB1) dans différents modèles de diabète et d'hypertension. Puisque l'angiotensine II (Ang II) et l'endothéline-1 (ET-1) sont des peptides prooxydants impliqués dans les maladies cardiovasculaires, leur contribution dans l'augmentation de l'expression du RB1 a été étudiée dans des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires (CMLV). Le QRT-PCR et l’immunobuvardage de type Western ont été utilisés pour mesurer l’expression du RB1 dans des CMLV dérivées de la lignée A10 et de l’aorte de rats Sprague-Dawley. Cette étude montre que l’Ang II augmente l’expression du RB1 (ARNm et protéine) en fonction de la concentration et du temps (maximum 1 μM entre 3-6 h). Cette augmentation implique le récepteur AT1, la PI3K et le NF-κB, mais non le récepteur AT2 et ERK1/2. Aussi, le récepteur ETA de l’ET-1 est impliqué dans la réponse à l’Ang II à 6-8 h et non à 1-4 h. Par contre, l’ET-1 augmente l’expression du RB1 (maximum 2-4 h) via la stimulation des récepteurs ETA et ETB. L’augmentation du RB1 causée par l’Ang II et l’ET-1 est bloquée par les antioxydants (N-acétyl-cystéine et diphénylèneiodonium). Ces résultats suggèrent que l’Ang II induit le RB1 dans les CMLV par le récepteur AT1 dans la première phase, et par la libération d’ET-1 (majoritairement par ETA) dans la phase tardive, via le stress oxydatif et l’activation de la PI3K et du NF-κB. Ces résultats précisent le mécanisme impliqué dans la surexpression du RB1 ayant des effets néfastes dans le diabète et l'hypertension. / Oxidative stress is involved in the overexpression of kinin B1 receptor (B1R) in various models of diabetes and hypertension. Since angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) are pro-oxidative peptides involved in cardiovascular diseases, their contribution in increasing the expression of B1R was examined in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). QRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to measure the expression of B1R in VSMC derived from A10 cell line and the aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats. This study shows that Ang II increases the expression of B1R (mRNA and protein) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (maximum 1 μM between 3-6 h). This increase involves AT1 receptor, PI3K and NF-κB, but not AT2 receptor and ERK1/2. Moreover, ETA receptor is involved in the effect of Ang II at 6-8 h but not at 1-4 h. However, ET-1 increases expression of B1R (maximum 2-4 h) via stimulation of ETA and ETB receptors. Ang II and ET-1-induced increase expression of B1R is blocked by antioxidants (N-acetyl-L-cysteine and diphenyleneiodonium). These results suggest that Ang II induces B1R in VSMC by AT1 receptor in the first phase and by releasing ET-1 (predominantly by ETA receptor) in the late phase, via oxidative stress and activation of PI3K and NF-κB. These results clarify the mechanism involved in the overexpression of B1R which has adverse effects in diabetes and hypertension.

Cardiovascular diseases are a broad group of diseases, such as heart attack and heart failureaffecting the cardiovascular system. The primary cause of cardiovascular diseases isatherosclerosis, and its progression is brought about by oxidative stress and a complex chronicinflammation reaction cascade. Of central importance are proinflammatory cytokines, regulatedby multiple factors, including interleukin (IL) 17A. This project aims to investigate the effectof IL-17A on the inflammatory response of human vascular endothelial cells by quantifyingchemokine C-X-C motif ligand-1 (CXCL1) release when exposed or not to otherproinflammatory mediators such as TNF-𝛼, IL-6 and IL-1β. To investigate this, humanumbilical cord endothelial cells were cultured and then stimulated with IL-17A alone or incombination with other cytokines, namely IL-6/sIL6R, IL-1β, or TNF-𝛼. After an appropriateincubation time following the stimulations, the supernatants of the cells were collected, and theamount of CXCL1 was analysed with ELISA or qPCR, respectively. At a lower concentration(10ng/ml), IL-17A failed to induce a significant level of CXCL1 release from endothelial cells.However, IL-17A + TNF-𝛼 (5ng/ml) greatly enhanced, higher than inductions from individualtreatments combined, level of CXCL1 release from endothelial cells. Furthermore, combiningIL-17A with IL-1β or IL-6 induced non-abundant and abundant upregulation in CXCL1 release,respectively. On transcription level, the amount of CXCL1 mRNA induced by IL-17A alonewas non-significant, but stimulation with TNF-𝛼 and IL-17A + TNF-𝛼 induced significantlyupregulated expression of CXCL1. In conclusion, we found that IL-17A induced synergeticrelease of CXCL1 in human vascular endothelial cells with TNF-𝛼. In addition, the synergisticimpact of IL-17A and TNF-𝛼 in terms of CXCL1 induction in vascular endothelial cells wasevident on a transcriptional level. Our data imply that combined blockage of IL-17A and TNF-𝛼 could have an enhanced therapeutic effect on vascular inflammation.