Diss. Linköping : Univ., 2003.

Structured and long-term planning is an important part of the work with the renewal of water supply networks. This requires well-founded assessments and methods for evaluating the annual need for renewal for a sustainable and healthy future. Evaluating the condition of a management object has been a complex task. This is due to limited accessto the various parts of the water supply network and the fact that physical, operational and environmental factors affect pipelines in different ways. Since experience and knowledge have been developed about, for example, joint methods or the durability of pipe material, this has meant that several different pipe materials are underground. There are various useful methods for evaluation of the condition of the water supply network. Recently, mathematical models have begun to be used to analyse the status and estimated lifespan of lines through data on pipes and external factors. In this study, an ANN model from Svenskt Vatten was used to evaluate the organization’s geodata for the model and to study the relationship between risk management that models calculate and reported operational disruptions. The use of the model requires that large amounts of data need to be compiled and adapted to valid values.The results show that most of the water supply network in the study area can be used to set prediction values with the model by compiling and adapting attribute values. Several objects were excluded due to deficiencies in management attributes. Some comparisons can be made between estimated risk water pipes and reported operational disruptions. The conclusion of the study is that the model could be an important complement to future renewal planning. Assessed risk water pipes can provide a good indication of which parts of the pipeline network need to be evaluated in more depth for possible renewal.

Fritidshusturismen är ett svårdefinierat begrepp med många olika bostadsformer. Inom tidigare forskning beskrivs hur fritidshusturismen påverkar en plats, men även hur den fysiska planeringen påverkar landskapet samt den rörelse som fritidshusägarna har både fysiskt och digitalt. Det finns en mark- och vattenproblematik på Gotland som främst bygger på de geologiska förutsättningarna. Detta påverkar Gotlands vatten och avloppsnät framför allt när det kommer till sommarperioder och torka. Gotland har en god förutsättning angående den digitala utvecklingen utifrån tillgången på internet. Hur dessa utmaningar och möjligheter kan komma att påverka fritidshusturismen är grundpelarna i syftet med detta arbete. Utifrån två perspektiv: fritidshusägarna och planeringen, syftar denna studie till att förstå vilka utmaningar och möjligheter det finns för vatten, avlopp och internet. Studien syftar även till att undersöka hur dessa utmaningar och möjligheter påverkar framtidens fritidshusturism. Denna kvalitativa fallstudie genomförs med semistrukturerade intervjuer med fritidshusägare i Ronehamn på Gotland och tjänstemän på Region Gotland. Även en dokumentanalys av Region Gotlands översiktsplan och en fördjupad översiktsplan av Ronehamn har gjorts och presenteras i studien. Resultatet i studien visar att fritidshusägare och tjänstemännen anser att vattenproblematiken är en utmaning på Gotland och är en viktig faktor vilket måste hanteras för framtidens hållbara utveckling. Studien visar även utmaningar med reningsverk, något som påverkar utvecklingen negativt för i detta fall Ronehamn. Studien visar även att det finns möjligheter med att avsalta havsvatten för att tillgodose framtidens vattenförsörjning. Den regional utbyggnaden av fiber har bidragit till att tillgången av internet gör det möjligt att arbeta och leva i sina fritidshus mer frekvent. I arbetets slutdiskussion diskuteras utifrån de identifierade utmaningarna och möjligheterna hur detta kan påverka framtidens fritidshusturism. / <p>2021-06-06</p>

This project presents a cost-benefit analysis for a water and sewage pipeline project in north  Hisingen, Sweden, with a focus on the climate impact of the project. Specifically, the project examines the emissions in carbon dioxide equivalents from the project per invested Swedish krona, using a climate calculation. The results of the analysis provide important information about the cost-benefits of the project, and can be used to guide decision-making regarding pipe network investments in the future. Overall, the project highlights the importance of considering both the financial factor and greenhouse emissions in infrastructure planning and investment. The study analyzes the difference between fossil and bio-based PE-pipes and construction with open excavation and directional drilling. The results of this study gave the following conclusions: The production phase of materials in the construction stage of the life cycle has the biggest impact on the climate in water and sewage construction projects.Switching material from fossil-based to biobased has a bigger positive impact on the emissions than switching construction methods from construction with open excavation to construction with directional drilling in water and sewage construction projects. Of the four cases analyzed in this project, the case with fossil-based PE-pipes and directional drilling has the least amount of invested Swedish krona per ton carbon dioxide reduction. It is possible to reduce costs and decrease emissions simultaneously during the construction phase of a water and sewage project by switching the construction method from open excavation to directional drilling. These findings highlight the importance of considering the environmental impact of  infrastructure projects in decision-making and prioritizing sustainable solutions for future investments. In particular, the results suggest that material choice has a greater impact on emission reduction than construction methods.

In the mid- to late 19th century, modern pipe-bound water and sewer systems proliferated in European cities, a development that has sometimes been regarded as a necessary result of a sanitary awakening and the progress of science and technology. By analyzing the introduction and subsequent expansion of water, sewerage, and excreta collection on the local level, in the Swedish cities Norrköping and Linköping, this oversimplified picture is questioned. The main problematique of this dissertation is why piped water supply and sewerage were introduced in these two Swedish cities at this particular time in history, and why the systems were subsequently extended. The actor-network theory (ANT) is used as an analytical tool. In the local context issues of governance, economy, technology, public health, and environment were brought to a head, and, if anything stands out, it is the complexity of introducing new technology. Despite the differences between Norrköping and Linköping in terms of topography and social and economic structures, the evolution of water supply and sewerage was on the whole similar. The existence of uniform scientific, technological, ideological, and cultural influences and of legislation at the national level, coupled with suburban growth, contributed to this development. There was more variation in excreta collection, because of the differences between the cities. Poor sanitary conditions, a river sensitive to pollution, and a strong public health network caused Linköping to introduce sanitary regulations much earlier than Norrköping and in Linköping WC’s were not as common.

Our society changed, but the urban water and sanitation system of today is roughly the same as it was 100 years ago. The system is designed for, developed from and sustained by human activities, and has since its introduction affected household patterns of routine activities. The urban water and sanitation system is now being criticised for not being sustainable due to excessive material, energy and chemical use, and failure to recycle and reuse resources. Altering household practices is perceived as one important step towards improved sustainability. In this study, two changes in water and sanitation arrangements at the household level are analysed: individual meters for volumetric billing of hot and cold water, and dry toilets with separate collection of urine and faeces. These arrangements increase system transparency, and their proponents believe that the arrangements enhance resource recycling and/or rsource savings. However, success in this regard can only be achieved if accompanied by appropriate household routines. The extent to which such appropriate routines come about and why (not) is the focus of attention in this study; the aim is to describe and analyse the interaction between householder routines and changes in water and sanitation arrangements. This study takes as its starting point household everyday life. A methodological combination of time-diaries, interviews, physical measurements and simple observations is developed and implemented in two cases; the housing area Ringdansen with flats (volumetric billing) and the collective Gebers based on an ecological way of life (dry toilets). The theoretical approach is developed from time-geography and culture analysis. The methodological and theoretical approaches have proven useful and can be developed further. Household responded differently to the volumetric billing in Ringdansen, but in general, no sweeping routine changes took place in the households. A comparison of average total water usage per household (at an aggregated level) between the two cases, showed no significant difference. Water-use routines are also similar in the two areas, even though variations appear between households. There seems to be a socio-culturally defined lower limit for water use, regarded as necessary for maintaining sufficient standards of cleanliness and comfort, irrespective of the influence of ecological or economic incentives. Differences in household composition, built-in technical arrangements and existence of a garden (Gebers) explain the differences in hot and cold water usage between the two areas. The dry toilet was shown to have a decisive impact on toilet disposal routines; only biodegradable waste products are thrown into it and the cleaning agents are environmentally friendly toilet disposal routines that reach beyond the 'good' routines evolving from environmental concern. The relationship between changes in water and sanitation arrangements and householder routines may be expressed as follows: an extensive change in arrangements, either technical/physical, organisational and/or economical, results in more radical routine changes, and more so if combined. However, the improvement as regard ecological sustainability is conditional on what is socio-culturally accepted - social sustainability.