Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Dwell in the relationship between History and Cinema in order to understand the construction of historical narrative about Brazilian cinema. Study, understand and discuss the relationships and possible dialogue between the films O Cangaceiro of Lima Barreto, Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol and O Dragão da Maldade contra o Santo Guerreiro both of Glauber Rocha. The development of our analysis is the convergence of gender and aesthetics adopted by the directors, even though the first makes clear the choice of the western states and the second to build a Brazilian aesthetic, the aesthetic of hunger. So, we do the opposite movement of the authors who point to the ranking of Brazilian cinema, electing the Cinema Novo as the benchmark for quality and innovation aesthetic-ideological. / Debruçar na relação História e Cinema a fim de entender a construção da narrativa histórica acerca do cinema brasileiro. Estudar, compreender e problematizar as relações e possíveis diálogos entre os filmes O Cangaceiro de Lima Barreto, Deus e o diabo na terra do Sol e O dragão da maldade contra do santo guerreiro de Glauber Rocha. O desenvolvimento de nossa análise parte das convergências de gênero e da estética adotada pelos diretores, ainda que o primeiro deixe claro a escolha do western e o segundo afirme a construção de uma estética brasileira, a estética da fome. Assim, fazemos o movimento contrário dos autores que corroboram com a hierarquização do cinema brasileiro, elegendo o Cinema Novo como o referencial de qualidade e inovação estético-ideológica. / Mestre em História

Orientador: Cristina Meneguello / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T21:58:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maciel_AnaCarolinadeMouraDelfim_D.pdf: 42216695 bytes, checksum: c8b39a500702f3f74e472466c897c5f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esta tese tem como objetivo investigar a trajetória da atriz Eliane Lage, integrante da história do cinema brasileiro dos anos 1950. A eleição e divulgação de um grupo de atrizes - integrando a busca pela implantação de um star system do cinema brasileiro - foram resultantes da tentativa de industrialização do cinema paulista, levada adiante por Franco Zampari e Francisco Matarazzo Sobrinho, por meio da fundação da Companhia Cinematográfica Vera Cruz no ano de 1949. Sendo assim ¿ visto que Eliane Lage foi lançada como atriz por essa Companhia ¿ situo inicialmente a proposta desses estúdios que pretenderam inaugurar no país uma produção em escala e com qualidade técnica, nos moldes do studio system de cinematografias hegemônicas. O Departamento de Publicidade da Vera Cruz desempenhava o papel de eleger e divulgar atrizes (e também atores) que estrelavam seus filmes. Dentre astros e estrelas desse período Eliane Lage é particularmente interessante, pois seguiu a tônica de negar a importância da carreira cinematográfica, conforme analisarei mais detidamente. Assim, uma análise do star system brasileiro se fez necessária. Confluindo três temas principais quais sejam: a Cinematográfica Vera Cruz, o star system brasileiro e atriz Eliane Lage, pretendo lançar nova luz a alguns sensos comuns que envolvem o fim da Vera Cruz e também a fugaz carreira de Eliane Lage. Os mitos que se constituíram em torno da atriz ao longo de décadas, seu comportamento na imprensa e, igualmente, as imagens que prevaleceram ao longo de seu "desaparecimento" da vida pública são alguns dos aspectos analisados na presente tese / Abstract: This thesis aims at investigating the life trajectory of Brazilian actress Eliane Lage, who was part of the history of Brazilian cinema in the 1950s. Choosing and marketing a group of actresses ¿ as an attempt to implement a star system in the Brazilian cinema ¿ resulted from an attempt to create a movie industry in São Paulo, and this was carried out by Franco Zampari and Francisco Matarazzo Sobrinho through the creation of the Vera Cruz Movie Company (Companhia Cinematográfica Vera Cruz) in the year of 1949. Therefore, ¿ seing that Eliane Lage was officially launched as an actress by this Company ¿ I, initially, address the proposal of the studios which aimed at implementing in Brazil quality movie productions in scale mirrored in hegemonic movie studio systems. The Vera Cruz Marketing Department played a role in choosing and marketing the actresses (and actors) that starred their movies. Among all the male and female stars of this period, Eliane Lage is particularly interesting, because she adopted the position of denying the importance of a career in the movie industry as this study will show in more detail. Therefore, we consider an analysis of the Brazilian star system necessary. By bringing together three main topics: the Vera Cruz Movie Company, the Brazilian star system, and actress Eliane Lage, I intend to shed some light on a number of common sense issues concerning the end of the Vera Cruz Company and Eliane Lage¿s ephemeral career. The myths created involving the actress in the past decades, her behavior in the media and, equally, the images that have prevailed during her "disappearance" from public life, are some of the aspects addressed in this thesis / Doutorado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Doutor em História

A babosa (Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.), família Asphodelaceae, reconhecida e explorada mundialmente pela indústria farmacêutica e cosmética devido aos princípios medicinais de seus compostos fenólicos e principalmente ao gel de polissacarídeos específicos, foi submetida a dois experimentos interligados. O primeiro, refere-se a micropropagação no qual foram avaliados tratamentos de desinfestação de ápices caulinares, multiplicação in vitro e condições de aclimatação ex vitro. O segundo experimento refere-se ao cultivo das plantas em areia lavada e irrigada com solução nutritiva, em condições controladas de casa de vegetação, onde foram testados os efeitos de doses (105; 210 e 315 ppm) de nitrogênio avaliados aos 90; 180 e 270 dias de cultivo. Os efeitos foram avaliados em função dos teores foliares dos macronutrientes e dos micronutrientes boro, cobre, ferro manganês e zinco, de proteínas totais solúveis (PTS), de açúcares redutores (AR) e açúcares totais solúveis (ATS) e sobre o crescimento por meio do índice de área foliar (IAF), da taxa de assimilação líquida (TAL), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA) e incrementos de massas de matérias fresca (IMMF) e seca (IMMS). Todos os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. Em relação a micropropagação, a eficiência de desinfestação foi aumentada em torno de 40% na obtenção de ápices caulinares verdes em início de brotação quando as plantas colhidas a campo foram previamente desinfestadas por lavagem com solução de hipoclorito de sódio com 0,5% de cloro ativo ou com solução de dicloroisocianurato de sódio (Sumaveg®) 0,66%. p.v-1 e os ápices caulinares submetidos a imersões alternadas nas soluções dos dois produtos utilizados. A fase multiplicativa da microproagação em meio MS apresentou um rendimento de 1:5,3 a cada intervalo de 30 dias de multiplicação. A partir de 136 ápices caulinares desinfestados, verdes, em início de brotação, foram obtidas 40.495 microplantas. Classificadas em pequenas, médias e grandes, foram submetidas a condições de aclimatação observando-se que bandejas de 64 células com 40 cm3 de substrato apresentaram economia em torno de 50% de substrato e em espaço físico na casa-de-vegetação com micro-aspersão e exaustão de ar em sistema \"pad-house\", e durante o processo de aclimatação e transporte das microplantas aclimatadas. Em relação ao cultivo das plantas em doses de nitrogênio, apesar de algumas variáveis responderem melhor à dose de 105 ppm e outras à dose de 315 ppm, a dose de 210 ppm de nitrogênio favoreceu as melhores respostas para os teores de açúcares totais solúveis (504,21 mgATS.g-1 de MMS), que são diretamente relacionados ao conteúdo de polissacarídeos específicos, de interesse comercial da cultura de Aloe vera. Esses teores, por sua vez, foram propiciados pelos melhores valores de IAF, TCA, IMMF e IMMS, todos observados aos 270 dias de cultivo, ratificando a significância do fator tempo e da dose de 210 ppm de nitrogênio no cultivo dessa espécie vegetal. / Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f., family Asphodelaceae, worldwide renowned and explored by pharmaceutics and cosmetics industries due to its phenolics bearing medicinal principles and mainly to the specific polysaccharides present in the gel, was submitted to two interlinked experiments. The first one refers to apical shoot micropropagation evaluating different disinfection treatments of the explants, the in vitro bud multiplication and ex vitro acclimatization of the microplants. The second one refers to cultivation in greenhouse of the micropropagated plants in washed sand and irrigated with nutritive solution, in the presence of three nitrogen rates (105, 210 and 315 ppm); the plant material was harvested at 90-, 180- and 270-day. All data were statistically analyzed. The effects of nitrogen were evaluated on the content of the macronutrients, the following micronutrients: B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn and total soluble proteins, reducing sugars, total soluble sugars; the growth of the Aloe vera plants was measured through the foliar area index, the rate of liquid assimilation, rates of relative and absolute growth and increases in the fresh and dry weights. In regards to micropropagtion, the efficiency of the disinfection process was increased by 40% when the plants harvested in the field were previously washed either with sodium hypochloride (0.5% active chlorine) solution or sodium dichloroisocyanurate (Sumaveg®) 0.66% w.v-1 solution and the apical shoots explants were afterwards alternatively treated with the two disinfectants. The multiplication phase in MS medium showed a rate of 1:5.3 of microplant production at each 30-day interval with a production of 40.495 microplants out of the 136 initial disinfected apical shoots. The microplants were classified as small, medium and large plants and acclimatized in polyethylene trays bearing 64 cells with 40 cm3 of substrate each cell, a 50% saving in terms of substrate amount and free space in the greenhouse equipped with micro-aspersion irrigation, pad-house and air exhaustion systems and also in the transport of the acclimatized microplants. In regards to the effect of nitrogen rates on the development of Aloe vera plants, besides the fact that the best responses were observed either to 105 ppm or 315 ppm nitrogen by some variables, at 210 ppm nitrogen rates the best result was obtained for total soluble sugars (504.21 mg.g-1DW); the sugars are directly related to specific polysaccharides of Aloe vera and are of great importance for the industries. On the other hand, these values were favored by the best values reached by the physiological variables studied in this work at 270-day validate the significance of the time factor and the 210 ppm N rates in the Aloe vera production system.

[EN] The main subject of this work is consolidation of wall paintings with inorganic materials under the point of view of the "Scuola Fiorentina", of restoration. Only through the exam of the historical evolution of the "Scuola Fiorentina" of restoration and the study of the socio-cultural context where such evolution took place, it is possible to completely understand how an activity that had a vertiginous growth, would have later converted, the "Scuola Fiorentina" in an international reference and in an undisputed pioneer in the field of restoration. The existence of an official organized agency "Gabinetto di resaturi della Sopraintendenza di Firenze", the catastrophic events that suffered the Florentine territory during the Second World War, and during the flood of 1966, caused a fundamental change in the culture of restoration that drove to put together science and restoration, forever. One of the most important outcomes of such merger was finding of the method Ammonium/Barium ("Dini-Ferroni"). The method was invented thanks to the genius and intuition of the chemist Enzo Ferroni, and due to the talent of the restorer Dino Dini who understood the importance of the joint between a scientific method with the practical hand-action of the restorer. From that moment, it will be clear the preference of the "Scuola Fiorentina" in the use of inorganic material for treatments on surface of mineral matrix. The method of Ammonium-Barium, is a desulphating procedure with a consolidation effect based on two phases with the application of two reagents. The main goal is the transformation of the sulphur ion of the disjointed surface into a compound, crystal and tip-chemically compatible with the carbonated surface, and the re-cohesion of the substrate by means of the compounds that come from the treatment. Since XXI century, due to an even stronger effort to apply science to restoration, also nanotechnologies bounced into restoration. They have been contributing to satisfy the effectiveness and compatibility of the pre-consolidation interventions, that are essential in case of severe disaggregation of paint layer. Pre-consolidation interventions with nanoparticles before the cleaning of the wall surfaces, are clearly related to the method of Ammonium/Barium, because they represent the preliminary interventions necessary to carry out the method with success. The Opificio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), is a governmental agency thank to which I have been able to learn techniques carried out through said methodologies. OPD is the main referent of the current "Scuola Fiorentina" of restoration and it has been characterized for its clear preference in the use of inorganic materials for the treatments on paint layers in carbonated matrix. / [ES] La consolidación de las pinturas murales con materiales inorgánicos, bajo la visión de la escuela fiorentina de la restauración, es el tema principal de este trabajo. A través del estudio del recorrido histórico de la scuola fiorentina de la restauración y del análisis del contexto socio-cultural, se puede entender cómo se pudo desarrollar vertiginosamente, una actividad que convirtió en pocos años a la scuola fiorentina, en ejemplo internacional e indiscutible pionera en el campo de la restauración. La existencia de un centro oficial organizado, "Gabinetto di restauri della Soprintendenza di Firenze", junto a los acontecimientos catastróficos que sufrió el territorio florentino en la IIªGuerra Mundial, y las inundaciones de Florencia de 1966, marcaron un cambio radical en la cultura de la restauración que unió para siempre la ciencia y la restauración. Unión que culminará con el descubrimiento del método "Ammonio-Bario" ("Dini-Ferroni"), gracias al ingenio y la intuición, del químico Enzo Ferroni; y al restaurador Dino Dini, que supo valorar la importancia de la unión del pensamiento científico a la acción práctica-manual del restaurador. A partir de ese momento se configurará la clara preferencia de la scuola fiorentina, en la elección de materiales inorgánicos para las intervenciones sobre sustratos de matriz mineral. El método Ammonio-Bario, es un tratamiento desulfatante con efecto consolidante articulado en dos fases en base a la aplicación de dos reactivos, cuyo objetivo principal, es la trasformación del ión del azufre de la superficie disgregada en un compuesto cristalo-químicamente compatible con la matriz carbonatada, y la recoesión de dicho sustrato a través de los compuestos resultantes del tratamiento. En un esfuerzo aún mayor de la ciencia aplicada a la restauración, las nanotecnologias irrumpen en el campo de la restauración a partir del siglo XXI y estan contribuyendo a satisfacer la eficacia y compatibilidad de las operaciones pre-consolidantes; imprescindibles en situaciones de fuerte disgregación del sustrato pictórico. Las intervenciones de consolidación preventiva (pre-consolidación), realizadas a través de tratamientos de nanoparticulas; en fase propedéutica a la limpieza de las superficies murales; tiene un claro nexo de unión con el método de Ammonio-Bario, ya que completa las intervenciones preliminares necesarias para poder llevar a cabo con éxito dicho método. El Opificio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), institución ministerial gracias a la cual, he podido aprender las técnicas realizadas a través de dichas metodologías es referente principal de la actual scuola fiorentina de la restauración, y se caracteriza por su clara preferencia en el uso de materiales inorgánicos en las intervenciones que realizan sobre sustratos pictóricos en matriz carbonatada. / [CA] La consolidació de les pintures murals amb materials inorgànics, sota el punt de vista de scuola fiorentina de la restauració, és el tema principal del present treball. Mitjançant l'estudi del recorregut històric de la scuola fiorentina de la restauració i de l'anàlisi del context socio-cultural, es comprèn com es va desenvolupar, vertiginosament, una activitat que va convertir en pocs anys la scuola fiorentina, en un exemple internacional i en una indiscutible pionera al camp de la restauració. La existència d'un centre oficial organitzat, "Gabinetto di restauri della Soprintendenza di Firenze", conjuntament amb els episodis catastròfics que va patir el territori florentí a la II Gerra Mundial, així com les inundacions de Florència de 1966, van marcar un canvi radical a la cultura de la restauració que va unir per sempre la ciència amb la restauració. Unió, que va culminar amb els descobriment del mètode "Ammonio-Bario" ("Dini-Ferroni"); gràcies a l'ingeni i la intuïció del químic Enzo Ferroni i del restaurador Dino Dini, que va saber valorar la importància de la unió del pensament científic amb l'acció pràctica-manual del restaurador. A partir d'aquest moment es configurarà la clara preferència de la scuola fiorentina, en l'elecció de materials inorgànics per a les intervencions sobre substrats de matrius minerals. El mètode Ammonio-Bario, és un tractament desulfatant amb efecte consolidant, que s'articula en dos fases en base a l'aplicació de dos reactius, amb l'objectiu principal de transformar el ió del sofre de la superfície disgregada en un compost cristalo-químicament comptatible amb la matriu carbonatada, i la recoesió de l'esmentat substrat mitjançant els compostos resultants del tractament. Amb un esforç encara més gran de la ciència aplicada a la restauració, les nanotecnologies irrompen en el camp de la restauració a partir del Segle XXI i contribueixen a satisfer l'eficàcia i compatibilitat de les operacions pre-consolidants; imprescindibles en situacions de forta disgregació del substrat pictòric. Les intervencions de consolidació preventiva (pre-consolidació), realitzades mitjançant tractament de nanopartícules; en fase propedèutica a la neteja de les superfícies murals; te un nexe d'unió evident amb el mètode de Ammonio-Bario, ja que complerta les intervencions preliminars necessàries per poder dur a terme amb èxit el referit mètode. L'Opificio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), institució ministerial gràcies a la qual he pogut aprendre les tècniques realitzades mitjançant aquestes metodologies, és referent principal de l'actual scuola fiorentina de la restauració, i es caracteritza per una clara preferència en l'ús de materials inorgànics en les intervencions que realitzen sobre substrats pictòrics en matriu carbonatada. / Yagüe Gómez-Reino, S. (2016). CONSOLIDACIÓN CON MATERIALES INORGÁNICOS EN RESTAURACIÓN DE PINTURA MURAL. LA VISIÓN DE LA "SCUOLA FIORENTINA" [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61776

Le corpus d’œuvres et la synthèse des études menées sur les images de dévotion à l’époque médiévale n’ont jamais approfondi, dans le contexte européen, la question des peintures mariales ayant fonction de porte-reliques. Le modèle de tableau-reliquaire : panneau unique, diptyque et triptyque comprenant le portrait de la Vierge à l’Enfant peint sur bois (plus rarement sur verre églomisé) enchâssé dans un large cadre incrusté de reliques (parfois de pierres précieuses) se répandit particulièrement sur le territoire de la Petite-Pologne à partir des environs de 1420. Les reliquaires polonais, connus jusqu’au début du XVIe siècle, doivent sans doute être considérés comme une adaptation des types iconiques et formels de provenance byzantine, lesquels furent réinterprétés dans la peinture du Trecento italien. Il s’agit notamment du modèle siennois de retable portatif marial popularisé dès les années 1330-1340. D’après l’étude comparative des œuvres, relative à leurs caractéristiques similaires et leur ancienneté, on envisage l’arrivée d’un tel concept formel en Pologne soit directement de l’Italie, soit par l’intermédiaire de la Bohême.L’expansion des tableaux-reliquaires, typiques de l’art toscan, s’inscrivit au XVe siècle en Europe centrale dans le mouvement général du renouveau de piété, qu’était la devotio moderna. De sorte qu’à côté des représentations singulières, spécialement vénérées au cours des offices liturgiques et paraliturgiques, on voit se répandre des reliquaires moins coûteux dans l’espace privé. Appréciés dans l’intimité des couvents – franciscains et dominicains –, ainsi que dans celle du quotidien des laïcs, ils étaient utilisés comme des autels domestiques ou bien comme des autels pliables de voyage. Ces images d’affection religieuse constituent un phénomène artistique du bas Moyen Âge. Et, quelques-uns des reliquaires semblables connus postérieurement n’assurent pas une véritable continuité de l’ancien modèle à l’époque moderne. / Scholarly investigation of devotional images from the medieval period has never explored, in a European context, the question of Marian paintings functioning as portable relics. The model of the « picture-reliquary » : a single, diptych, or triptych panel comprsing the por-trait of the Virgin and Child painted on wood (or, more rarely, on gilded glass, verre églomisé) set in a large framework encrusted with relics (occasionally with precious stones) was particularly widespread in the territory of Little Poland from c. 1420. Polish reliquaries, known until the beginning of the 16th century, should be considered as an adaptation of iconic types and forms of Byzantine provenance, which were reinterpreted in the painting of the Italian Trecento. Of particular note is the Siennese model of the portable Marian altar piece made popular from the 1330s-40s. From the comparative study of the works, concerning their similarities and their antiquity, one envisages the advent of such a formal concept in Poland either directly from Italy, or by the intermediary of Bohemia.The diffusion of picture-reliquaries, typical of Tuscan art, forms part of the general movement toward a renewal of piety in central Europe in the 15th century, the devotio moderna. As a result, alongside singular representations, especially venerated in the course of liturgical or paraliturgical offices, one sees less costly reliquaries spread in private space. Appreciated in the intimate setting of convents – Franciscan and Dominican – as well as that of the daily life of the laity, these relics were used as domestic altars or as folding altars for travel. These images of religious affection constitute an artistic phenomenon of the late Middle Ages. And, several similar reliquaries known later do not guarantee a veritable continuity of the ancient model to the modern era. / Die erhaltenen Überblicksdarstellungen und Spezialuntersuchungen zu den Frömmigkeitsbildern des Mittelalters haben sich niemals – im europäischen Kontext – mit der Frage derjenigen Mariendarstellungen auseinandergesetzt, die die Funktion von Tragereliquien inne hatten. Das Modell des Reliquien-Bildes – einfaches Tafel-bild, Diptychon oder Triptychon mit einer Darstellung der Jungfrau mit dem Kind, gemalt auf Holz (seltener auf Glas), umschlossen von einem breiten Rahmen, in den Reliquien (mitunter auch Edelsteine) eingefügt sind – verbreitet sich ca. ab 1420 ins-besondere auf dem Gebiet Kleinpolens. Diese polnischen Reliquiare, bekannt bis zum Beginn des 16. Jahrhunderts, können ohne Zweifel als Adaptation ikonischer und formaler Typen byzantinischer Provenienz angesehen werden, die in der Malerei des italienischen Trecento wiederinterpretiert wurden. Dabei handelt es sich vor allem um das Sieneser Model des marianischen Tragaltars, verbreitet seit den Jahren 1330-1340. Folgt man den vergleichenden Untersuchungen der erhaltenen Stücke mit Blick auf ihre übereinstimmenden Charakteristika und ihr Alter, wird das Auf-greifen eines solchen formalen Konzepts in Polen entweder direkt aus Italien oder indirekt über Böhmen wahrscheinlich.Die Ausbreitung dieser Tafel-Reliquiare, typisch für die toskanische Kunst, verbindet sich im 15. Jahrhundert in Mitteleuropa mit der umfassenden Bewegung einer Er-neuerung der Frömmigkeit, bekannt auch unter dem Namen devotio moderna. Dies führt dazu, daß neben einzelnen, vor allem im Rahmen liturgischer oder paraliturgi-scher Veranstaltungen verehrten Darstellungen, zunehmend weniger kostspielige Reliquiare auch in den privaten Raum vordringen. Gehütet sowohl in der Intimität der Klöster – franziskanisch und dominikanisch – als auch im täglichen Lebensraum der Laien, wurden sie als Hausaltäre oder auch als zusammenklappbare Reisealtäre verwendet. Diese Darstellungen religiösen Affekts stellen ein künstlerisches Phäno-men des Spätmittelalters dar. Einige der ähnlichen, allerdings später entstandenen Reliquiare garantieren allerdings keine überzeugende Kontinuität vom alten Modell hin zur Neuzeit.

Se situant dans l’histoire immédiate, la littérature africaine contemporaine participe de la dénonciation de la violence des régimes postcoloniaux et des guerres civiles. Ce sont des nouvelles formes d’écriture caractérisées à la fois par l’urgence et par l’intention de s’éloigner des formes européennes, donnant lieu à une expression universelle et à la revendication du roman comme œuvre d’art. Cette contribution se propose, à partir de neufs romans francophones, anglophones et hispanophones publiés entre 1990 et 2000, d’explorer et d’analyser la réinsertion de la femme africaine subsaharienne dans les archives officielles. À travers des témoignages fictionnels inspirés des faits réels et des histoires relevant de la sphère privée, ces auteur(e)s créent un nouvel imaginaire sur la femme africaine évoluant entre violence et résistance. Par une approche interdisciplinaire, nous tenterons d’identifier les images de la femme dans ces romans, ainsi que les moyens stylistiques et langagiers dans le processus de la réinterprétation des archives et de la réinsertion de la femme africaine subsaharienne dans l’Histoire. / In relation to the immediate history, contemporary African literature contributes to the denunciation of the violence of postcolonial regimes and civil wars. These new forms of writing are characterized both by the urgency and by the intention to move away from European forms, giving rise to a universalizing writing and the claim of the novel as a work of art. This contribution is proposed, from nine Francophone, Anglophone and Hispanophone novels published between 1990 and 2000, to explore and analyse the reintegration of Sub-Saharan African women in the official archives. Through fictional testimonies inspired by real facts and stories of the private sphere, these authors create a new imagination about African women evolving between violence and resistance. Through an interdisciplinary approach, we will try to identify the images of the woman in these novels, as well as the stylistic and linguistic means in the process of the reinterpretation of the archives and the reintegration of the African Sub-Saharan woman in history. / En relación a la historia inmediata, la literatura africana contemporánea contribuye a la denuncia de la violencia de los regímenes poscoloniales y de las guerras civiles. Estas nuevas formas de escritura se caracterizan tanto por la urgencia de escribir como por la intención de alejarse de las formas de expresión europeas, dando lugar a una escritura universal y a la reivindicación de la novela como obra de arte. Esta contribución se propone de explorar y analizar la reintegración de las mujeres africanas subsaharianas a los archivos oficiales, a partir de nueve novelas de expresión francesa, inglesa y española, publicadas entre 1990 y 2000. A través de testimonios ficticios inspirados por hechos reales e historias de la vida privada, estos autores y autoras crean una nueva imagen de las mujeres africanas desenvolviéndose entre la violencia y la resistencia. A través de un enfoque interdisciplinario, intentaremos identificar las imágenes de la mujer en estas novelas, así como el estilo y el lenguaje en el proceso de reinterpretación de los archivos y la reintegración de la mujer africana subsahariana en la historia.