L'éducation à la citoyenneté et la transmission par l'école des valeurs essentielles au maintien de la cohésion sociale et politique sont des questions socialement vives dans le contexte de crise qui caractérise, dit-on, la société française. En quoi les interactions verbales en contexte didactique participent-elles de cette entreprise ? Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous avons construit un corpus constitué de la transcription de huit séances menées dans des classes de cycle 3 du sud est de la France, que nous analyserons en mobilisant des outils d’investigation pluriels, fédérés par l’engagement dans une démarche sociolinguistique. Il s’agira de montrer comment les interactions verbales, en permettant notamment la co-construction des objets du sens, la régulation des conflits, la rencontre de l’altérité, ou encore la conscientisation de la pluralité et de la variation, pourraient favoriser la formation des citoyens de demain. / Delivering citizenship education and pass down at school values that are essential to uphold social and political cohesion are burning issues in the French society, especially in these times of crisis. In what way do verbal interactions occurring in didactic context participate in this undertaking? To answer this issue, we put together a corpus made up of the transcripts of eight lessons observed in 3rd cycle classes located in south east of France. These data will be analysed with pluralist tools, united by a sociolinguistic approach. We aim to show how verbal interactions contribute to shape citizens, particularly by allowing co-construction of meaning, conflict regulation, otherness encounter, as well as plurality and variation awareness-raising.

The cooperative learning method, Jigsaw II, was implemented in a grade four social studies class for the purpose of examining the verbal interactions among students as they learned from each other. Jigsaw II is structured to enhance cooperation because each student has exclusive information that is needed by other group members to do well on a test. It was hypothesized that the more capable students in a heterogeneous learning group would help the less capable ones learn the material. As the lower ability students gained proficiency in teaching their information, the variance in the rates of speaking would be less at the end of the implementation of Jigsaw II than at the beginning. This did not happen. There was homogeneity of variance between the rates of speaking at the beginning and the end. The rate of positive verbalizations (learning the information and group functioning) was over 80% at the beginning and increased slightly during the implementation of Jigsaw II, but was not statistically significant. There was large variability in the rates of verbalizations among students, as well as large variability in rates of speaking for individuals across different learning group sessions. Any trends in changes of rates of speaking were obscured by the high variability. The verbalization rate of the high ability students doubled, the rate of the middle ability increased 32% and the rate of low ability students remained unchanged. On five quizzes administered over the learning unit, the high ability student attained the highest quiz scores, but the low ability students performed as well as the middle ability students.

Le système scolaire du Mali, l’un des pays les plus pauvres du monde, connaît de graves difficultés (d’origine économique, socioculturelle, politique…) auxquelles le gouvernement tente de faire face pour relancer le développement. Dans ce pays, la situation de la fille et de la femme est problématique et préoccupante. La sous-scolarisation des filles, une des caractéristiques de l’éducation en Afrique, tend à se réduire mais les inégalités persistent entre les filles et les garçons. Dans les études réalisées en France, l’école apparaît comme le lieu de reproduction de structures idéologiques figées mettant les femmes et les filles dans une position d’infériorité. Les rapports sociaux de sexe qui sont en jeu dans la société façonnent les interactions en classe et réciproquement. Notre étude a comme fondement les sciences du langage, elle s’inspire également de travaux en sciences de l’éducation. Elle a pour objet de décrire, d’une part, les représentations sociales des enseignants et des filles et, d’autre part, les phénomènes langagiers et interactionnels qui se produisent dans la classe. Nous chercherons à déterminer si le fonctionnement de la classe reflète celui de la société, en ce qui concerne le rôle et la place de la fille et de la femme au Mali. Nous nous appuierons sur un corpus, collecté au Mali et comportant des entretiens réalisés avec des enseignants et des filles de 4e et de 9e année, ainsi que des vidéos de classe, filmées dans deux villes du Mali : N’Kourala, village rural, et Bamako, la capitale. / The education system in Mali, one of the poorest countries in the world, suffers from severe difficulties (stemming from socioeconomic, socio-cultural and political problems) which the government has been trying to address to foster economic development. In this country, the situation of girls and women is problematic and a cause of concern. Although female under-education, a characteristic of Africa, tends to decrease, gender inequalities prevail. Research conducted in France has shown that school appears as the place where fossilized ideological structures placing girls and women in an inferior position are reproduced. In that sense, gender interactions at stake in society shape interactions in the classroom and vice versa. The present study is rooted in linguistics and also relies on research in education. Its aim is to describe on the one hand the girls’ and teachers’ social representations, and on the other hand the linguistic and interactional phenomena that occur in the classroom. The purpose of this research is to determine whether the way the classroom works reflects society, as regards the role and place of girls and women in Mali. This study relies on a corpus collected in Mali, which includes interviews with teachers and 4th-year and 9th-year girls, as well as videos filmed in class in two Malian towns – N’Kourala, a rural village, and Bamako, the capital city of Mali.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to create a read-aloud instructional program which could be used in teaching caregivers to promote quality verbal interaction among participants during story time. Prior to and subsequent to instruction, selected high-school students participating in a vocational-technical child development program were audio- and videotaped as they read stories aloud to children. All tapes were transcribed in full. Using the storybook Reading Analysis System (Teale, Martinez, & Glass, in press), dialogue was categorized into form, type of information, focus, instructional intent, and importance categories.

L'égalité entre filles et garçons est aujourd'hui au cœur de nombre de textes et politiques éducatives, et les recherches montrent qu'il existe toujours des différences importantes entre filles et garçons à l'école (résultats, orientation…). Le genre scolaire, en tant que concept, doit servir à contribuer à la réflexion sur ces questions. L'étude porte sur cinq classes de maternelle. Une analyse des interactions verbales et des positions des enfants et des professeurs dans le champ discursif lors des rituels montre que le genre scolaire n'est pas une simple reproduction du genre à l'école. Cette analyse permet de définir le genre scolaire, en tant que construction, comme une différenciation sexuée des positions des filles et des garçons dans le champ interactif. C'est une construction de genre particulière, qui se réalise au sein de la culture scolaire, et aboutit à la distinction de catégories de sexe : les élèves-garçons et les élèves filles. Considérant à la fois la socialisation familiale des enfants, leur sexe, l'acculturation à la culture scolaire à laquelle ils sont soumis et leur positionnements au sein du champ interactif, la thèse ouvre une nouvelle piste pour l'appréhension du genre scolaire : il apparaîtrait comme un effet aveugle de l'acculturation qui, façonnant des habitus familiaux, viendrait renforcer, ou permettre l'émergence, d'habitus sexués. / Gender equality is a central issue in current memoranda and education policies, and studies shows that the gap still prévails between schoolboys and schoolgirls (in terms of results, orientation, etc.). School gender, as a concept, should help contribute to the discussions on the topic. The study involved children in five pre-school classes (école maternelle) ; it investigates their verbal interactions. Analysing these interactions as well as the positions of children and teachers in the conversational space, these research provides évidence that school gender involves more than merely reproducing gender differences at school. It allows the scholl gender - as a construction - to be defined as a gender-based difference in the position of schoolboys and schoolgirls in the conversational space. It is a specific gender construction, which is achieved within the school culture and leads to distinguishing the categories of male pupils and female pupils. As it examines the aspects of family socialisation, sex, school integration and position whithin the interactive space, the dissertation opens up a new path to be looked into : school gender appears as a result of school integration, which, as it shapes the family habitus, would reinforce or help generating gendered habitus.

Orientador: Paulo César de Almeida Raboni / Banca: Marcos César Danhoni Neves / Banca: José Carlos Miguel / Resumo: Historicamente as atividades práticas ou de laboratório são apontadas como importante recurso didático no ensino de física, comparecendo em todas as propostas de ensino oficiais e não oficiais, e em projetos de ensino desenvolvidos no Brasil e no exterior. Apesar disso, pouco comparecem no ensino que efetivamente ocorre na maioria das escolas. Em outra dimensão, as interações verbais e a compreensão do seu funcionamento têm sido consideradas importantes indicadores do desenvolvimento de aulas de física. Assim, nesta pesquisa qualitativa tomamos como objeto as interações verbais em aulas de física no ensino médio produzidas a partir do uso de atividades práticas. A aproximação dessas duas esferas se justifica pela influência que as atividades práticas exercem sobre as estruturas de pensamento dos alunos e, consequentemente, sobre a construção de novos sentidos presentes nos enunciados. Nossas análises das interações verbais tomam como base a teoria da enunciação de Mikhail Bakhtin, que a nosso ver oferece suporte para a necessária compreensão da complexa dinâmica discursiva entre os estudantes e o educador, quanto a construção de significados dos conceitos ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Abstract: Historically, practical or laboratory activities are identified as important teaching tools in physics classes, appearing in all proposals for official and unofficial education, and education projects developed in Brazil and abroad, but these activities are not adopted as a usual practice in the schools. In the other hand, the verbal interactions and understanding of its operation have been considered important indicators of the development of physics classes. Thus, in this qualitative research we took as the object the verbal interactions in physics classes produced from the use of practical activities in high school. The approach of these two spheres is justified by the influence that the practical activities have in the structures students' thinking and, consequently, on the construction of new meanings in these statements. Our analysis of the verbal interactions was based on the theory of enunciation of Mikhail Bakhtin, which in our view supports the necessary understanding of the complex discursive dynamics between students and educators, as construction of meaning of concepts ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:20:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_gs_me_prud.pdf: 1730031 bytes, checksum: f56af2f32bfde3fd4e59af339a406838 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Historicamente as atividades práticas ou de laboratório são apontadas como importante recurso didático no ensino de física, comparecendo em todas as propostas de ensino oficiais e não oficiais, e em projetos de ensino desenvolvidos no Brasil e no exterior. Apesar disso, pouco comparecem no ensino que efetivamente ocorre na maioria das escolas. Em outra dimensão, as interações verbais e a compreensão do seu funcionamento têm sido consideradas importantes indicadores do desenvolvimento de aulas de física. Assim, nesta pesquisa qualitativa tomamos como objeto as interações verbais em aulas de física no ensino médio produzidas a partir do uso de atividades práticas. A aproximação dessas duas esferas se justifica pela influência que as atividades práticas exercem sobre as estruturas de pensamento dos alunos e, consequentemente, sobre a construção de novos sentidos presentes nos enunciados. Nossas análises das interações verbais tomam como base a teoria da enunciação de Mikhail Bakhtin, que a nosso ver oferece suporte para a necessária compreensão da complexa dinâmica discursiva entre os estudantes e o educador, quanto a construção de significados dos conceitos... / Historically, practical or laboratory activities are identified as important teaching tools in physics classes, appearing in all proposals for official and unofficial education, and education projects developed in Brazil and abroad, but these activities are not adopted as a usual practice in the schools. In the other hand, the verbal interactions and understanding of its operation have been considered important indicators of the development of physics classes. Thus, in this qualitative research we took as the object the verbal interactions in physics classes produced from the use of practical activities in high school. The approach of these two spheres is justified by the influence that the practical activities have in the structures students' thinking and, consequently, on the construction of new meanings in these statements. Our analysis of the verbal interactions was based on the theory of enunciation of Mikhail Bakhtin, which in our view supports the necessary understanding of the complex discursive dynamics between students and educators, as construction of meaning of concepts ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Esta pesquisa se fundamenta na pragmática sociocultural, com o propósito de descrever, dentro do próprio sistema sociocultural a que pertencem os falantes do estudo, a produção e a interpretação das mensagens transmitidas (Bravo, 2010). Pretende-se ir, por um lado, para além da análise da transcrição de um corpus específico (Charaudeau, 2012) e, por outro, abrir novos horizontes para os estudos interdisciplinares, contrastivos e holísticos, cujo objeto seja o uso da linguagem. Assim, como objetivo, esta pesquisa procura descrever e contrastar estratégias pragmáticas, com foco na manifestação da cortesia, em português e em espanhol, em comunidades de fala de São Paulo e Santiago do Chile, indagando quais recursos os interlocutores, universitários em grupos de estudos, utilizam no trabalho de imagem em atos assertivos e exortativos. Para isso, apresentamos uma proposta metodológica que visa a delinear aspectos das construções discursivas, a revelar a complexidade dos fenômenos da interação oral e a variedade de componentes envolvidos em uma situação comunicativa. Nesse sentido, definimos quatro etapas: o enfoque interdisciplinar, a análise do corpus oral, os testes de hábitos sociais (Hernandez Flores, 2002; Contreras, 2004 e Bernal, 2007) e o contraste cross-cultural. O corpus é composto por vinte e cinco horas de gravações em vídeo de reuniões em grupo de estudantes universitários, no Chile e no Brasil, e quarenta testes de hábitos sociais de cada comunidade de fala também. Em uma análise sincrônica, identificamos no contexto brasileiro, a tendência de o indivíduo projetar a imagem de cordialidade, cooperação e semelhança na gestão da autoimagem. Entre os interlocutores chilenos, a imagem de ordem e a de hierarquia foram as que se evidenciaram. Na gestão interrelacional, destacamos contrastes, além de semelhanças, entre algumas estratégias pragmáticas: o fenômeno da atenuação assertiva, nas intervenções brasileiras, em maior número se associa a posturas afiliativas, na gestão da alo- e autoimagem; no material de análise chileno, a atenuação, muitas vezes é construída como uma estratégia autocêntrica; em ambas as comunidades de fala encontramos mecanismos de autorrepetição e intensificação, vinculados à força argumentativa e fenômenos de heterorrepetição que promovem o contato social; no entanto, no contexto chileno, a heterorrepetição ocorre na expressão do desacordo com mais frequência do que no contexto brasileiro; realizados de maneira direta, encontramos atos exortativos, como a petição, em interações brasileiras e chilenas, mas nas primeiras, geralmente, ocorrem atos de justificação, a expressão da diminuição do custo para os ouvintes e, em maior grau, mecanismos de atenuação. Os resultados, que encontraram eco em estudos de outras ciências do comportamento humano, na análise do corpus e nas respostas dos informantes dos testes hábitos sociais, podem sinalizar a projeção de experiências específicas de um corpus a um estilo de cortesia que se estenda a outras situações de comunicação sem prescindir da enorme diversidade do uso da linguagem (Bravo, 2004). / This research is based upon sociocultural pragmatics and aims at describing within the very sociocultural system to which the speakers participating in this study belong how transmitted messages are produced and interpreted (Bravo, 2010). On the one hand, this research aims at going beyond analyzing the transcription from a certain corpus (Charaudeau, 2012); on the other, opening up new horizons for interdisciplinary, contrastive and holistic studies on the use of language. Thus, this research aims at describing and contrasting pragmatic strategies focused on how politeness is shown both in Portuguese and Spanish within speaking communities from São Paulo, Brazil, and Santiago, Chile while investigating which features are used by interlocutors (undergraduates in study groups) in their face-work during assertive and persuasive acts. In order to do so, our proposed methodology is aimed at outlining the core of discursive constructions, unveiling the complexity of verbal interaction phenomena and the variety of components involved in a communication situation. To that end, four stages have been defined: interdisciplinary focus, speech corpus analysis, social behavior tests (Hernandez Flores, 2002; Contreras, 2004 and Bernal, 2007) and cross-cultural contrast. The corpus consists of about five hours of videotaped undergraduate study group meetings in Chile and Brazil and 40 social behavior tests from each speaking community. In a synchronous analysis, we found that Brazilian individuals tend to convey an image of kindness, cooperation and similarity in managing their self-image. An image of order and hierarchy stood out among Chilean interlocutors. As to inter-relationship management, contrasts and similarities were noted between a few pragmatic strategies: in Brazilian interventions, the assertive attenuation is mostly connected with affiliative postures in allo-image and self-image management; in the Chilean material, attenuation is often constructed as an self-centric strategy. Self-repetition and intensification mechanisms (linked to argument strength) and hetero-repetition fostering social contact were found in both speaking communities. Nevertheless, hetero-repetition occurs more often when expressing disagreement in Chilean context than in the Brazilian context; it is performed directly and with exhortative acts (such as petition) in Brazilian and Chilean interactions, but the former usually present justification acts, expression of effort reduction for listeners and in a higher degree attenuation mechanisms. The results which were supported by studies from other behavioral sciences, corpus analysis and answers from informants of social behavior tests can indicate the projection of experiences that are specific to a corpus to a politeness style comprising other communication situations without forgoing the immense diversity of the use of language (Bravo, 2004).

Esta pesquisa se fundamenta na pragmática sociocultural, com o propósito de descrever, dentro do próprio sistema sociocultural a que pertencem os falantes do estudo, a produção e a interpretação das mensagens transmitidas (Bravo, 2010). Pretende-se ir, por um lado, para além da análise da transcrição de um corpus específico (Charaudeau, 2012) e, por outro, abrir novos horizontes para os estudos interdisciplinares, contrastivos e holísticos, cujo objeto seja o uso da linguagem. Assim, como objetivo, esta pesquisa procura descrever e contrastar estratégias pragmáticas, com foco na manifestação da cortesia, em português e em espanhol, em comunidades de fala de São Paulo e Santiago do Chile, indagando quais recursos os interlocutores, universitários em grupos de estudos, utilizam no trabalho de imagem em atos assertivos e exortativos. Para isso, apresentamos uma proposta metodológica que visa a delinear aspectos das construções discursivas, a revelar a complexidade dos fenômenos da interação oral e a variedade de componentes envolvidos em uma situação comunicativa. Nesse sentido, definimos quatro etapas: o enfoque interdisciplinar, a análise do corpus oral, os testes de hábitos sociais (Hernandez Flores, 2002; Contreras, 2004 e Bernal, 2007) e o contraste cross-cultural. O corpus é composto por vinte e cinco horas de gravações em vídeo de reuniões em grupo de estudantes universitários, no Chile e no Brasil, e quarenta testes de hábitos sociais de cada comunidade de fala também. Em uma análise sincrônica, identificamos no contexto brasileiro, a tendência de o indivíduo projetar a imagem de cordialidade, cooperação e semelhança na gestão da autoimagem. Entre os interlocutores chilenos, a imagem de ordem e a de hierarquia foram as que se evidenciaram. Na gestão interrelacional, destacamos contrastes, além de semelhanças, entre algumas estratégias pragmáticas: o fenômeno da atenuação assertiva, nas intervenções brasileiras, em maior número se associa a posturas afiliativas, na gestão da alo- e autoimagem; no material de análise chileno, a atenuação, muitas vezes é construída como uma estratégia autocêntrica; em ambas as comunidades de fala encontramos mecanismos de autorrepetição e intensificação, vinculados à força argumentativa e fenômenos de heterorrepetição que promovem o contato social; no entanto, no contexto chileno, a heterorrepetição ocorre na expressão do desacordo com mais frequência do que no contexto brasileiro; realizados de maneira direta, encontramos atos exortativos, como a petição, em interações brasileiras e chilenas, mas nas primeiras, geralmente, ocorrem atos de justificação, a expressão da diminuição do custo para os ouvintes e, em maior grau, mecanismos de atenuação. Os resultados, que encontraram eco em estudos de outras ciências do comportamento humano, na análise do corpus e nas respostas dos informantes dos testes hábitos sociais, podem sinalizar a projeção de experiências específicas de um corpus a um estilo de cortesia que se estenda a outras situações de comunicação sem prescindir da enorme diversidade do uso da linguagem (Bravo, 2004). / This research is based upon sociocultural pragmatics and aims at describing within the very sociocultural system to which the speakers participating in this study belong how transmitted messages are produced and interpreted (Bravo, 2010). On the one hand, this research aims at going beyond analyzing the transcription from a certain corpus (Charaudeau, 2012); on the other, opening up new horizons for interdisciplinary, contrastive and holistic studies on the use of language. Thus, this research aims at describing and contrasting pragmatic strategies focused on how politeness is shown both in Portuguese and Spanish within speaking communities from São Paulo, Brazil, and Santiago, Chile while investigating which features are used by interlocutors (undergraduates in study groups) in their face-work during assertive and persuasive acts. In order to do so, our proposed methodology is aimed at outlining the core of discursive constructions, unveiling the complexity of verbal interaction phenomena and the variety of components involved in a communication situation. To that end, four stages have been defined: interdisciplinary focus, speech corpus analysis, social behavior tests (Hernandez Flores, 2002; Contreras, 2004 and Bernal, 2007) and cross-cultural contrast. The corpus consists of about five hours of videotaped undergraduate study group meetings in Chile and Brazil and 40 social behavior tests from each speaking community. In a synchronous analysis, we found that Brazilian individuals tend to convey an image of kindness, cooperation and similarity in managing their self-image. An image of order and hierarchy stood out among Chilean interlocutors. As to inter-relationship management, contrasts and similarities were noted between a few pragmatic strategies: in Brazilian interventions, the assertive attenuation is mostly connected with affiliative postures in allo-image and self-image management; in the Chilean material, attenuation is often constructed as an self-centric strategy. Self-repetition and intensification mechanisms (linked to argument strength) and hetero-repetition fostering social contact were found in both speaking communities. Nevertheless, hetero-repetition occurs more often when expressing disagreement in Chilean context than in the Brazilian context; it is performed directly and with exhortative acts (such as petition) in Brazilian and Chilean interactions, but the former usually present justification acts, expression of effort reduction for listeners and in a higher degree attenuation mechanisms. The results which were supported by studies from other behavioral sciences, corpus analysis and answers from informants of social behavior tests can indicate the projection of experiences that are specific to a corpus to a politeness style comprising other communication situations without forgoing the immense diversity of the use of language (Bravo, 2004).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ligia Valladares Oda Anexos.pdf: 2305156 bytes, checksum: ed555de8fedf79a4cc9037356a4e72ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-05 / This study has the objective to propose an investigation of verbal interaction and its role related to a selection of an experimental analogue of metacontingency, a relevant unit of analysis to understand the cultural evolution. It was intended, then, to answer the following questions: a) What are the relations between verbal interactions and the selection/recurrence of experimentally selected IBCs? b) What are the relations between verbal interactions and the transmission of the experimentally selected IBCs? c) What are the relations between verbal interactions and selection of a metacontingency? To answer those questions, the experiment was started with a participant in front of a work area in a computer, which presented four numbers from O to 9 in 4 windows, and below these, there were other four windows in blank that the participant should also complete with numbers from O to 9; when the participant completed a column (window with the number presented by the computer + window with number chosen by the participant) with a total of an odd number, points were added in a label of "Points", which could, by the end of the session, be exchanged for a value of money. When the total of the column was an even number, points were removed from the participant's label, the value of points and bonuses varied according to the experimental condition. The second experimental condition was characterized by the entry of another participant and the beginning of bonuses consequences, ie, when the total sum of the four blank windows of P1 was to the sum of P2's windows, it was added, then, 300 'Bonus' to each participant (also exchangeable for money). On the third experimental condition, there was a generations change, this way, the oldest participant was replaced by other participant at the end of each round, by all, 11 participants were replaced, and two of them (P10 and P11) were replaced in the fourth condition, when the bonuses consequences were withdrawn. All verbalizations made by the participants were recorded, transcribed and then analyzed in order to be identified according to the trial and participant. The verbalizations were also compared to the numbers given by the computer, the numbers chosen by the participants and the individual and cultural consequences that happened together with verbal interactions. Then, all the first and last verbalizations in each trial were c1assified, the content of the verbalizations was identified (points,and bonuses), all the verbal interactions among the participants were quantified, and finally, all the verbalizations of the first trial in each generation were compared. The examination of verbal interactions analysis showed for this group, that verbal behavior has an important role to select IBCs, such as for its recurrence and transmission across generations, and also exercise a decisive role for selecting a metacontingency, since verbal interactions participate of IBCs selection and enable the production of aggregate outcome and production of cultural consequence / Este estudo teve como objetivo propor a investigação de interações verbais e seu papel em relação à seleção de um análogo experimental de metacontingências, uma unidade de análise relevante para se compreender a evolução cultural. Pretendeu-se então, responder às seguintes perguntas: (a) Quais são as relações entre interações verbais e a seleção/ recorrência de CCEs experimentalmente selecionadas? b) Quais são as relações entre interações verbais e a transmissão de tais CCEs experimentalmente selecionadas? (c) Quais são as relações entre interações verbais e a seleção de uma metacontingência? Para responder tais perguntas o experimento foi iniciado com um participante diante de uma área de trabalho no computador que apresentava quatro números de O a 9 em 4 janelas, abaixo das quais haviam outras 4 janelas em branco que o participante deveria completar também com números de O a 9; quando o participante completava uma coluna (janela com o número apresentado pelo computador + janela com número escolhido pelo participante) com um valor de soma impar, eram acrescentados pontos em um marcador de "Pontos", os quais poderiam ao final da sessão ser trocados por um valor em dinheiro. Quando a soma da coluna gerava um número par, pontos eram retirados do contador do participante, os valores de pontos e bônus variavam de acordo com a fase experimental. A segunda fase do experimento foi caracterizada pela entrada de outro participante e o início da conseqüência de bônus, ou seja, quando a soma total das quatro janelas em branco de PI fosse à soma das janelas de P2, eram então acrescentados 300 "Bônus" para cada jogador (também trocáveis por dinheiro). Na terceira Fase houve mudança de gerações, desta forma, o participante mais antigo era trocado por outro participante ao final d~ cada rodada, ao todo foram substituídos 11 participantes, sendo que dois deles (P1O e P11) foram substituídos já na quarta Fase, quando a conseqüência bônus foi retirada. Todas as verbalizações emitidas pelos participantes foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas posteriormente de forma que fosse possível identificá-las de acordo com a tentativa e participante. As verbalizações foram também comparadas com os números gerados pelo computador, os números escolhidos pelos participantes e as conseqüências individuais e culturais que ocorriam juntamente com as interações verbais. Foram então, classificadas todas as primeiras e últimas verbalizações de cada tentativa, identificados os conteúdos das verbalizações (pontos e bônus), quantificadas todas as interações verbais entre participantes, e por último, todas as verbalizações das primeiras tentativas de cada geração foram comparadas. O exame das análises das interações verbais mostra que para este grupo, o comportamento verbal tem um papel importante para a seleção de CCEs, para sua recorrência e para a transmissão das CCEs entre gerações, tendo assim, um papel também decisivo para a seleção de uma metacontingência, uma vez que as interações verbais participam da seleção de CCEs e possibilitam a produção do produto agregado e da conseqüência cultural