One of the chief characteristics of a high-rise building is its verticality. However, it seems that most high-rise buildings do not directly pursue the architecture of verticality. Moreover, verticality is rarely perceived within this building type. This thesis investigates the potential of verticality in a residential high-rise building. Together with the aspect of verticality, the thesis pursues an idea that even in a residential high-rise, the sense of community that typically exists in low-rise settlements on the ground and other connections to the outside can be at least partially preserved. In summary, the proposal aims the architecture to celebrate the verticality of the high-rise as a part of the skyline, expressing the verticality through its facade. For the dwellers, sky gardens offer a sense of verticality with constructed views connecting the outside world. Six two-story-apartments adjoin the sky garden with a double height living room suggesting the apartments in a high rise shouldn't be flats. This double height vertical space extends into the balcony spaces suggesting a local verticality at the apartment level. / Master of Architecture

Today, housing dominates the majority of land use due partially to its horizontally organized living spaces which results in relatively large building footprints. As an alternative to this default horizontality, a vertically-oriented single family house is studied. The house takes advantage of the verticality by offering unusual spatial overlaps with a set of choreographed views corresponding to level and visibility distance of the surrounding terrain. / Master of Architecture

While excellent scholarly work exists on medieval space, especially in cultural geography, no book-length study of the conceptual implications of medieval vertical space exists. Attention has been lavished on the surface of the medieval world, while the heights go unseen and the depths go unplumbed. Using theories of space by scholars such as Henri Lefebvre and Jacques Le Goff, this project explores this lacuna through close reading of three late medieval English texts. The emphasis within Christian theology on a vertically-oriented model of virtue and the afterlife (ascending to Heaven, falling to Hell) was likely the initial reason for the prominence of verticality in the Middle Ages; the work of religious writers such as Bernard of Clairvaux and Walter Hilton set the stage for an explosion of the vertical imagination, as a blossoming of the incredible variety of what could be called "vertical thought." These ideas foreshadowed and accompanied similar developments in the secular arena, soon becoming an integral part of medieval life. By the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, closely interrelated--and strongly vertical--frameworks arose to structure complex concepts such as moral virtue, social class and kinship relations. The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries saw several major developments in what can be called "vertical thought." The evolution of Augustinian ideas of religion and morality led to a nuanced vertical hierarchy of virtues and vices, while the rise of the middle class helped define the explicit division of class into vertical tiers. A shift in conceptions of kinship, from a synchronous network to a diachronic tree of ancestry, affected perceptions of gender and family. Finally, the growth of parliamentary and urban political capital in late medieval England, especially in response to the reign of child-king Henry VI, led to a battle of wills between the powerful men of London and their king. These concerns with verticality were not limited to the realms of religious belief or temporal power, but manifested themselves in medieval literature and iconography as well. Highness and lowness feature in the plots, characters, and settings of many texts, and tropes of height and depth and rising and falling make frequent appearances textually and visually. Depictions of Heaven and Hell, for example, frequently make use of height and depth, and instances such as the Virgin Mary's ascension to Heaven or Lucifer's fall from Heaven to Hell involve explicitly vertical movement which parallels the perceived virtue of said figures. The Jesse tree, a genealogy of Christ, is usually illustrated as a tree emerging from a recumbent man's body, and reflects a newly vertical visualization of familial ties, while the concept of degree or scale, often represented as a ladder or stairs, is explicitly used as a framework for both moral virtue and socioeconomic status. Through discussion of three specific medieval tropes in literature and art-- the tree of Jesse in Chaucer's Merchant's Tale, the Dead Sea in Cleanness, and the giant of Lydgate's Triumphal Entry of Henry VI--this project attempts to demonstrate the importance of verticality in late medieval English literature from 1300-1500 and show how these tropes responded to and influenced changes in the way medieval, and modern, audiences perceived social class, kinship, politics, and religion.

This thesis project analyzes the influence of T.S. Eliot, named "the first Cambridge poet" by Jeremy Noel-Tod, on Cambridge poets Andrew Crozier and Peter Riley, particularly through their representations of the quotidian. At stake is the larger question: what is the often hidden effect of the objects that surround us in daily life? Or even--what is the value of daily life? By extension, their representation of the quotidian directly affects their depiction of the physical environment allowing for an ecocritical debate in which landscape determines how individuals place themselves in a familiar physical environment defined by tradition, culture, and the routine. Regarding the influence of landscape on the poet, Eliot said, "[m]y poetry, like that of other poets, shows traces of every environment in which I have lived." He, of course, was not referring to Nature, but how social geographies encapsulate traditions, culture, and language, in what can be classified as ecologically-informed memories. One section of this project addresses the present scholarly (mis)interpretation of ecocritism, moving it beyond a discourse of global sustainability or sustainable environmental practices to a more distinct focus in what phenomenologists refer to an ecological sphere of existence in which the daily lives of people become inseparable from the environments in which they have lived.

As pessoas costumam fazer rotineiramente associações entre o afeto com as posições verticais, nas quais os objetos que estão no alto, muitas vezes, são considerados bons e o que estão em baixo são considerados ruins. O uso da metáfora, geralmente inconsciente, pode afetar a motivação do indivíduo para fazer avaliações dos preços dos produtos. O foco regulatório motivacional do indivíduo pode apresentar características que contribuam para restaurar a motivação, porque está dividido em um foco em promoção, que visa aproveitar oportunidades e se aproximar de ganhos e em um foco em prevenção que busca manter a vigilância para evitar resultados negativos e se afastar de perdas. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os efeitos da metáfora da verticalidade sobre a forma que os indivíduos efetuam as avaliações de preços, tendo o foco regulatório como moderador dessa relação. Foram elaboradas sete hipóteses, testadas com o uso de experimentos. A amostra total dos experimentos, contendo um estudo piloto e três estudos que avaliaram o modelo teórico proposto, foi de 522 participantes. Os dados foram analisados por meio da ANOVA twoway e da macro PROCESS de Hayes (Modelo 8, 2013). Os resultados mostram que o grupo de tratamento com os indivíduos que se consideram fisicamente alto e com foco em prevenção fizeram avaliações dentro do proposto para este estudo, quando comparados aos indivíduos que se consideram fisicamente baixo e foco em promoção. O primeiro grupo de tratamento mencionado atribuiu os menores preços aos produtos, exigiu descontos maiores para se deslocarem para outra loja em busca de um produto, consideraram o preço praticado por uma empresa mais injusto e, por fim, tiveram o melhor desempenho na avaliação de preço para conseguir um bom negócio. A principal contribuição desta tese é de que os indivíduos estão expostos diariamente a mudanças na autoestima por causa de simulações mentais da verticalidade, em que o corpo influencia os pensamentos desses indivíduos para tomada de decisão em relação a preços, e que o foco regulatório é capaz de atenuar tais efeitos. / People routinely make associations between affection and vertical positions, in which objects that is in up positiion are often considered good and those that is in down position are considered bad. The use of the metaphor, usually unconscious, can affect the individual\'s motivation to make product price assessments. The motivational regulatory focus of the individual can present characteristics that contribute to restore motivation, because it is divided into a focus on promotion, which seeks to seize opportunities and approach gains and a focus on prevention that seeks to maintain vigilance to avoid negative results and to avoid losses. The main goal of this research was to analyze the effects of the metaphor of verticality on the form that the individuals make the price evaluations, having the regulatory focus as moderator of this relation. Seven hypotheses were elaborated, tested with the use of experiments. The total sample of the experiments, containing a pilot study and three studies that evaluated the proposed theoretical model, was 522 participants. The data were analyzed through two way ANOVA and Hayes macro PROCESS (Model 8, 2013). The results show that the treatment group with those individuals who consider themselves to be physically high and focused on prevention made evaluations within the proposed for this study when compared to individuals who consider themselves physically low and focused on promotion. The first treatment group mentioned attributed the lowest prices to the products, demanded larger discounts to move to another store in search of a product, considered the most unfair price practiced by the company and, lastly, had the best performance in price evaluation to get a good deal. The main contribution of this thesis is that individuals are exposed daily to changes in self-esteem because of mental simulations of verticality, in which the body influences the thoughts of these individuals for decision-making in relation to prices, and that the regulatory focus is capable to mitigate such effects.

As pessoas costumam fazer rotineiramente associações entre o afeto com as posições verticais, nas quais os objetos que estão no alto, muitas vezes, são considerados bons e o que estão em baixo são considerados ruins. O uso da metáfora, geralmente inconsciente, pode afetar a motivação do indivíduo para fazer avaliações dos preços dos produtos. O foco regulatório motivacional do indivíduo pode apresentar características que contribuam para restaurar a motivação, porque está dividido em um foco em promoção, que visa aproveitar oportunidades e se aproximar de ganhos e em um foco em prevenção que busca manter a vigilância para evitar resultados negativos e se afastar de perdas. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os efeitos da metáfora da verticalidade sobre a forma que os indivíduos efetuam as avaliações de preços, tendo o foco regulatório como moderador dessa relação. Foram elaboradas sete hipóteses, testadas com o uso de experimentos. A amostra total dos experimentos, contendo um estudo piloto e três estudos que avaliaram o modelo teórico proposto, foi de 522 participantes. Os dados foram analisados por meio da ANOVA twoway e da macro PROCESS de Hayes (Modelo 8, 2013). Os resultados mostram que o grupo de tratamento com os indivíduos que se consideram fisicamente alto e com foco em prevenção fizeram avaliações dentro do proposto para este estudo, quando comparados aos indivíduos que se consideram fisicamente baixo e foco em promoção. O primeiro grupo de tratamento mencionado atribuiu os menores preços aos produtos, exigiu descontos maiores para se deslocarem para outra loja em busca de um produto, consideraram o preço praticado por uma empresa mais injusto e, por fim, tiveram o melhor desempenho na avaliação de preço para conseguir um bom negócio. A principal contribuição desta tese é de que os indivíduos estão expostos diariamente a mudanças na autoestima por causa de simulações mentais da verticalidade, em que o corpo influencia os pensamentos desses indivíduos para tomada de decisão em relação a preços, e que o foco regulatório é capaz de atenuar tais efeitos. / People routinely make associations between affection and vertical positions, in which objects that is in up positiion are often considered good and those that is in down position are considered bad. The use of the metaphor, usually unconscious, can affect the individual\'s motivation to make product price assessments. The motivational regulatory focus of the individual can present characteristics that contribute to restore motivation, because it is divided into a focus on promotion, which seeks to seize opportunities and approach gains and a focus on prevention that seeks to maintain vigilance to avoid negative results and to avoid losses. The main goal of this research was to analyze the effects of the metaphor of verticality on the form that the individuals make the price evaluations, having the regulatory focus as moderator of this relation. Seven hypotheses were elaborated, tested with the use of experiments. The total sample of the experiments, containing a pilot study and three studies that evaluated the proposed theoretical model, was 522 participants. The data were analyzed through two way ANOVA and Hayes macro PROCESS (Model 8, 2013). The results show that the treatment group with those individuals who consider themselves to be physically high and focused on prevention made evaluations within the proposed for this study when compared to individuals who consider themselves physically low and focused on promotion. The first treatment group mentioned attributed the lowest prices to the products, demanded larger discounts to move to another store in search of a product, considered the most unfair price practiced by the company and, lastly, had the best performance in price evaluation to get a good deal. The main contribution of this thesis is that individuals are exposed daily to changes in self-esteem because of mental simulations of verticality, in which the body influences the thoughts of these individuals for decision-making in relation to prices, and that the regulatory focus is capable to mitigate such effects.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第21856号 / 人博第885号 / 新制||人||212(附属図書館) / 2018||人博||885(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 水野 尚之, 教授 土屋 由香, 准教授 小島 基洋, 教授 西山 けい子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

L’objectif de notre thèse a été d’étudier de manière précise les interactions entre les émotions et trois mouvements élémentaires (i.e., de vagues, parabolique et translationnel). Une première étude a permis de vérifier que le mouvement de vagues améliore la perception d’expressions faciales émotionnelles positives alors que le mouvement parabolique améliore la perception d’expressions faciales émotionnelles négatives (Chafi, Schiaratura, & Rusinek, 2012), phénomène de « congruence Emotion-Mouvement ». De plus amples recherches constituant notre seconde étude ont mis en évidence qu’augmenter l’intensité émotionnelle et la validité écologique des stimuli (i.e., des extraits de films) a mené à des effets d’inconsistance, qui se caractérisent par le fait que le mouvement parabolique augmente l’intensité émotionnelle du film très positif alors que le mouvement de vagues augmente l’intensité émotionnelle du film très négatif. Nous postulons que ces effets sont dus au mécanisme de contre-Régulation décrit par Rothermund (2003). Une réflexion conséquente sur la cognition incarnée nous a menés à une troisième étude s’intéressant à la verticalité, montrant que le mouvement parabolique améliore les compétences mnésiques et psychomotrices seulement lorsqu’il effectue une trajectoire descendante. L’exposition au mouvement élémentaire semble donc avoir un impact sur les sphères émotionnelle (auto-Évaluations), cognitive (tâche de mémoire) et comportementale (tâche de décomptage). Les données susmentionnées peuvent être représentées dans un modèle en réseaux associatifs du type Power et Dalgleish (2008), reprenant fortement celui de Bower (1981). / The aim of our thesis was to accurately study the interactions between emotions and three elementary motion (i.e., wave-Like, parabolic and translational). A first step helped us verifying that the wave-Like motion improves the perception of positive facial expressions whereas the parabolic motion improves the perception of negative facial expressions (Chafi, Schiaratura, & Rusinek, 2012), a phenomenon called “Emotion-Motion congruence”. Further investigations representing our second step have brought into light that increasing the emotional intensity and the ecological validity of our material (i.e., film excerpts) led to inconsistency effects, showing that the parabolic motion increases the emotional intensity of a very positive film while the wave-Like motion increases the emotional intensity of a very negative film. We hypothesize that these effects are products of the counter-Regulation mechanism defined by Rothermund (2003). An important reflection on embodiment led us to the third step on verticality, showing that the parabolic motion enhances mnemonic and psychomotor skills only when its trajectory was downward. The exposure to elementary motion seemingly has an impact on the emotional (self-Reports), cognitive (mnemonic task) and behavioral (serial subtraction) fields. The above-Mentioned data could be represented in an associative networks model such as the one of Power and Dalgleish (2008), itself based on Bower (1981).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio de Souza-parte 3.pdf: 1162841 bytes, checksum: d44cc88611613dc74399cdab13d98afa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-14 / The Brazilian urbanization process is characterized by the fast development of few centers. The establishment of metropolitan areas is considered the identity of urbanization process. The context of verticality can be defined as the urban soil multiplication through the construction of several vertical pavements, which characterizes metropolis identity. When following on the Campinas urban development, you can observe the coexistence of several architectonics elements from different times, testimony of its diverse development phases. The Campinas verticality process starts on the modernity and industrialization wake up period under the implementation prospect of Plano de Melhoramentos Urbanos of Prestes Maia urbanist (1934 1964). This paper is constituted of a survey and study of the city s vertical typologies, projected during the first period of the verticality process (constructions code of 1934 validity), correlating them to the edifying legislation as well as the urbanistics events of that time, with the aim of following on the evolution of vertical buildings, by chronological sequence of municipality approvals, looking for establishing an organized framework of the process, from genesis to December of 1951, when occurred the approval of 640 Law. The purpose of this research was to produce a material that could help the comprehension of Campinas verticality, as well as its organization and, illustrate the history of significantly part of the city architectonic production, therefore, contributing to its memory. / O processo de urbaniza??o brasileiro se caracteriza pelo desenvolvimento acelerado de poucos centros e a metropoliza??o ? considerada a identidade deste processo. Nesse contexto a verticaliza??o, que pode ser definida como a multiplica??o do solo urbano a partir da constru??o vertical de muitos pavimentos, caracteriza-se por ser a identidade do processo de metropoliza??o. Ao se acompanhar o desenvolvimento urbano de Campinas, observa-se a coexist?ncia de diferentes elementos arquitet?nicos de diferentes ?pocas, testemunho das diversas fases de seu desenvolvimento. O processo de verticaliza??o campineiro inicia-se no per?odo do despertar da modernidade e da industrializa??o sob o panorama da implementa??o do Plano de Melhoramentos Urbanos do urbanista Prestes Maia (1934 1964). Neste trabalho foi realizado o levantamento e estudo de todas as tipologias verticais da cidade, projetadas durante o primeiro per?odo do processo de verticaliza??o (vig?ncia do c?digo de constru??es de 1934), correlacionando-as ? legisla??o edificante, bem como aos eventos urban?sticos da ?poca, com a finalidade de acompanhar a evolu??o dos edif?cios verticais, em seq??ncia cronol?gica de aprova??o pela municipalidade, buscando estabelecer um quadro organizado do processo, da g?nese at? dezembro de 1951, quando ocorreu a aprova??o da Lei 640. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi a produ??o de material que possa auxiliar a compreens?o da verticaliza??o campineira, bem como de sua organiza??o, ilustrando o hist?rico de parte significativa da produ??o arquitet?nica da cidade, e, portanto, da sua mem?ria.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-04T09:54:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Márcia Guerrante Tavares - 2016.pdf: 7667527 bytes, checksum: fea3ea450091f9f52d48df772b64f6af (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-04T09:54:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Márcia Guerrante Tavares - 2016.pdf: 7667527 bytes, checksum: fea3ea450091f9f52d48df772b64f6af (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-04T09:54:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Márcia Guerrante Tavares - 2016.pdf: 7667527 bytes, checksum: fea3ea450091f9f52d48df772b64f6af (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-27 / This piece of work discusses how the transformations caused by the increase in the number of inhabitants and the verticality of the cities, which are responsible for cracks in the urban tissue, alter the perception and the way the individual currently lives in his house. In this research, the house is revealed as the fundamental cell of the urban tissue, related to its historic and social context, where time and space build its narration. The object of study is the interior of the placehouse inserted in the space-city, focusing on the relation between its inhabitant and what he understands as the “center of the world”. The city that was chosen is Goiânia of the beginning of the 21st century, contemplating the neighborhoods of greater value, in an accelerated verticality process. The main objective of this work is to understand how the verticalized city affects the user’s perception and relation with the house. Furthermore, we try to identify the role of the sensoriality and the symbolic in the construction of the values and the individual and collective references in the living space. The materiality of the house dealt with here refers to the physical space, whereas the immateriality regards the house as a symbolic place, inhabited by the memories and symbols and lived through the daily rituals and events. The data collection is based on the bibliographical research and on interviews with distinct groups of families that live in the selected area. As a result, the study brings contribution to the new way of thinking the urban house and its interior design, taking into consideration the diversity and the necessities of the man in the material, social and symbolic dimensions. / Esse trabalho discute de que forma as transformações causadas pelo adensamento e pela verticalização das cidades, responsáveis por rupturas no tecido urbano, alteram a percepção e o modo como o indivíduo vive atualmente em sua casa. No âmbito da pesquisa, a casa revela-se como célula fundamental do tecido urbano, vinculada ao seu contexto histórico e social, onde o tempo e o espaço constroem a sua narrativa. O objeto de estudo é o interior do lugar-casa inserida no espaço-cidade, focando a relação de seu habitante com o que ele entende como “centro de mundo”. A cidade escolhida como recorte da pesquisa é Goiânia do início do século XXI, contemplando os bairros de maior valorização fundiária em um processo de verticalização acelerada. O objetivo principal da dissertação é compreender de que forma a cidade verticalizada influencia na percepção e consequente relação que o indivíduo tem com a sua casa. Busca ainda identificar o papel da sensorialidade e do simbólico na construção dos valores e referenciais individuais e coletivos no espaço de morar. A materialidade da casa aqui tratada refere-se ao lugar físico, enquanto a imaterialidade trata a casa como lugar simbólico, povoada de memórias e símbolos e vivenciada por meio de ritos e eventos cotidianos. O levantamento de dados baseia-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevistas com grupos distintos de famílias moradoras da área selecionada. Como resultado, o estudo traz subsídios para as novas formas de se pensar a casa urbana e o design de seus interiores, levando em consideração a diversidade e as necessidades do homem nas dimensões materiais, sociais e simbólicas.