This dissertation considers the issue of the injured party and his protection in criminal proceedings. The aim of the paper is not only to provide a comprehensive summary of the position of the injured party in criminal proceedings, but to make reference to shortcomings in the existing legal regulation of this institute and propose changes for the future. The methods used in the paper are primarily interpretative, analytical-synthetic and comparative. The author made use of information ascertained by studying primary and secondary sources. The paper is divided into four main chapters, in addition to the introduction and conclusion, and these are themselves divided into sub-chapters. The first chapter looks at defining certain fundamental terms directly linked to the issue of the injured party and his protection in criminal proceedings. Here we find an explanation of the term "the injured party" itself, both at a general level and in terms of individual specifics, and the separation of injured parties into two groups. This chapter also includes a definition of the term victim and of ancillary proceedings. The chapter that follows concentrates on the procedural rights of the injured party, first considering the procedural rights pertaining to all injured parties and subsequently the procedural rights...

The injured party in criminal procedure and his/her protection The purpose of my thesis is to analyse position of the injured party and his/her rights in Czech criminal procedure and to highlight changes which will be brought to rights of injured party by The Victim of Crime Act. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the historical evolution of legal regulation of the injured party position in criminal procedure in the territory of the current Czech Republic. Next chapter is concerned with the term "injured party" in the current legal regulation. This part of thesis is especially focused on the need to differentiate between the terms "the injured party" and "victim of crime". The third chapter contains a crucial part of my thesis - it deals with the injured party position in criminal procedure and his/her rights. The chapter is composed of six subchapters. The first subchapter addresses the issue of general interpretation of procedural position of injured party in the Czech Criminal Procedure Code. Next subchapter shifts the focus to two categories of injured parties in criminal proceedings (the first category is the party of adhesion procedure with special rights, the other one is not). The third subchapter describes the procedural rights which are granted...

The goal of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive comparison of national legislations governing assistance provided to crime victims in both the Czech Republic and Finland. Although emphasis has been placed on analysis of the respective legal regulations of both countries, it also places the issue into historical context while analyzing international requirements laid down by the Council of Europe, the European Union and the United Nations. At the end of the thesis, the level of victim protection in both countries is assessed and particular de lege ferenda proposals are submitted. The first chapter offers historical and international insight into the assistance of victims of crime and details how this field has evolved over the last hundred years. The second chapter describes the development of protective legislation in the Czech Republic and Finland. In chapter 3, the different types of assistance provided to victims in practice, regardless of the existence of relevant regulations, are analyzed. The fourth chapter explains the legal terms "victim" and "injured party", with a view toward their use in subsequent chapters of this thesis. Chapter 5 discusses the position of the injured party in criminal proceedings, including the feasibility of achieving their rightful claims while the sixth...

This thesis deals with the reporting of criminal offenses both in terms of individual and procedural criminal law, and from the point of view of the importance of this issue in criminology. The thesis is divided into ten chapters. The first chapter describes the role of reporting criminal offenses in criminal proceedings. In particular, it deals with the status of the procedure for initiating criminal prosecution in criminal proceedings. It then deals with the very aspects of the procedure for filing a crime report, in particular with crime reporting, its formalities, options in filing a criminal complaint, and procedures following the filing of a criminal complaint, while it points out the issue of imposing the act of closed file. Chapter two highlights the rights of the complainant, the injured and the victim in connection with the reported crime. This chapter addresses issues with informing the injured person or victim at the point of crime reporting. Furthermore, this chapter deals with the right of the complainant to an effective investigation. Chapter three deals with the benefits of crime reporting by its perpetrator as encompassed in the Criminal Code. Chapter four addresses the issue of misuse of the criminal reporting system, especially the possible ways of system abuse and the responsibility for...

Denna studies syfte är att fördjupa förståelsen för hur anonyma aktörer kan diskutera brottsoffer och förövare på ett anonymt forum. Studien utgår från tre trådar på forumet Flashback där brott diskuteras och således brottsoffer och förövare. För att analysera empirin har Michel Foucualts (2003) teori om panoptismen samt Erving Goffmans (2011) teori om stigmatisering och sociala avvikare använts. Foucault har använts då han beskriver hur övervakningen får individer att handla utifrån rådande normer genom övervakning och straff. Goffmans teori har bidragit med en förståelse för hur de individer som inte passar in i normer stämplas som avvikare och således stigmatiseras. Dessa två har förenats för att förklara hur anonyma aktörer framställer brottsoffer och förövare samt hur information kan delas och spekuleras. Studien har en abduktiv ansats då empiri och teori har växelverkat för att skapa en djupare förståelse för diskursen kring brottsoffer och förövare. Studien antar ett diskursanalytiskt perspektiv och är främst inspirerat av Bacchis diskursanalys (2011, refererad i Bergström & Boréus, 2018) och Foucaults (1993) tankar om diskursens ordning. Resultatet visar bland annat att aktörer kan övervaka varandra likt panoptismen (Foucault, 2003) och detta kan ske utifrån normer och socialt avvikande beteende från normerna (Goffman, 2011). Vidare visar resultatet att det finns både skillnader och likheter när det kommer till hur brottsoffer och förövare framställs på Flashback. Exempelvis så diskuterar aktörerna i vissa fall huruvida både förövare och offer passar in i bilden som sociala avvikare baserat på deras inblandning i brott. Således stigmatiseras personerna både genom deras inblandning i brott och den information som sprids om dem på internet. Dock skiljde sig diskursen åt kring brottsoffer och förövare när brottet var en olyckshändelse. Då jämfördes istället inblandade, i viss mån, med varandra. Resultatet visar även att aktörer ofta positionerar sig som sanningssägare oavsett om det rör sig om spekulation eller informationsdelning. Genom att hänvisa till en personlig relation eller kännedom till inblandade personer lämnas lite utrymme för felsägning. Detta kan skapa diskussioner i diskursen som resulterar i stigmatisering även aktörer emellan. / This report fulfils the purpose of expanding the understanding of how anonymous actors can discuss victims of crime and perpetrators at an anonymous forum. The study is based on three discussion threads at the Flashback Forum where crimes are discussed and accordingly victims of crime and perpetrators. To analyze the data, Michel Foucualt's (2003) theory of panopticism and Erving Goffman's (2011) theory of stigmatization and social deviants has been used. Foucault’s theory has been used to describe how the surveillance causes individuals to act on the basis of prevailing norms through surveillance and punishment. Goffman's theory has contributed to an understanding of how individuals, who do not fit into norms, get labelled as deviants and therefore get stigmatized. These two theories have been combined to explain how anonymous actors describe victims and perpetrators, and how information can be shared/speculated. The study has an abductive approach as the empiricism and theory interact to create a deeper understanding of the discourse regarding victims of crime and perpetrators. The study assumes a discourse analytic perspective and it is primarily inspired by Bacchi's discourse analysis (2011, referenced in Bergström & Boréus, 2018) and Foucault's (1993) thoughts about the order of discourse. The results show that, among other things, actors can monitor each other like panopticism (Foucault, 2003) and this can be done based on norms and socially deviant behavior from the norms (Goffman, 2011). Furthermore, the results show that there are both differences and similarities when it comes to how victims of crime and perpetrators are portrayed at Flashback. For example, in some cases, the actors discuss whether both the perpetrators and the victims fit into the picture as social deviants or not, based on their involvement in the crime. Thus, the persons involved are stigmatized both through their involvement in the crime and the information that is spread about them over the internet. However, the discourse of the victims of crime and the perpetrators was different when the crime was an accident. In that case the involved, to some extent, were compared with each other. The results also show that actors often position themselves as truth-tellers, whether it is speculation or sharing information. By referring to a personal relationship or knowledge of the people involved, there are little room for misinterpretation. This can create discussions in the discourse that result in stigmatization even among the actors.

An injured party and a victim of crime Abstract This master's thesis deals with the legal status of the injured party and the victim of a crime. The aim of this master's thesis is to describe the legal regulation of the victim and injured party in the Czech Republic, to draw attention to its shortcomings and to present proposals de lege ferenda. The author uses a descriptive method and critical analysis. The first and seventh chapters also contain a comparison with foreign legislation. The master's thesis is composed of the introduction, eight chapters and the end. The first half of this master's thesis deals with crime victims. The first chapter deals with the general definition of the victim of crime. It also mentions the importance of the victim to criminal law. The next chapter is focused on victimology and its elemental terms. The third chapter includes legal regulation in the Czech Republic. The author deals with situation before the Act 45/2013 Coll., the Victims of Crime Bill, its executive legal regulations and Act 59/2017 Coll. The fourth chapter discusses in detail the rights of victims: the right to professional assistance, the right to information, the right to protection from imminent danger, the right to privacy, the right to protection from secondary harm and the right to financial...

The purpose of the study was to construct a questionnaire to determine what factors affect emigration. The questionnaire consisted out of 51 items and was administered to 150 respondents who were South African citizens either living in South Africa or who have emigrated to another country. Factor analyses were applied to the 51 items and four factors were identified; these were social and political situation, work experience, victim of crime and job satisfaction. It was found during the ANOVA and Scheffé analysis that having a tertiary qualification will affect emigration. This information can be applied to attempt to retain educated individuals within South Africa in efforts to eliminate the so-called “brain drain”. Copyright 2010, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Chasenski, A 2010, Factors influencing emigration out of South Africa, MCom dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02222012-113950/ > C12/4/192/gm / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted

People with disabilities are at high risk of becoming victims of crimes. Those individuals with little or no functional speech (LNFS) are even more at risk of being victims of crime. One way of reducing the risk of being a victim of crime is facing the alleged perpetrator in court as a witness; therefore it is important for people with LNFS who have been victims of crimes to have the relevant vocabulary needed to testify in court. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the legal core vocabulary required by illiterate victims of crime, who have little or no functional speech, to testify in court as witness/witnesses. A mixed method, exploratory sequential design consisting of two different phases was used to address the aim of the research. The first phase was qualitative and included two different data sources, namely in-depth semi-structured interviews (n=3) and focus groups (n=22). The overall aim of this phase was to develop a measurement instrument. Results from Phase 1 were used in Phase 2, the quantitative phase, in which the measurement instrument (a custom designed questionnaire) was socially validated by 31 participants. The results produced six distinct categories which represented the core legal vocabulary and 99 words that represented the fringe legal vocabulary. The findings suggested that each communication board should be individualized to the individual and the specific crime. Recommendations were made to develop an AAC Resource Tool Kit to assist professionals involved with a person with LNFS who had been a victim of crime. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CAAC) / MA / Unrestricted

Medias roll i samhället är stor och den spelar en viktig roll i hur samhället ska kunna få ny information om vad som sker runt om i världen. Kvällstidningar rapporterar dagligen om politiska, kulturella och även brottsliga händelser som sker och nyheterna når tusentals människor som får ta del av det. Detta gör att media har ett stort ansvar på sina axlar med att utge opartiska, neutrala och informativa artiklar om det som ämnas att läsas. I denna studie undersöktes hur media framställer olika offer, baserat på den utsattes livssituation, plats för brottet samt vilket sorts brott de utsatts för. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en tematisk analys, där tre kända fall i Sverige valdes ut för att sedan jämföra och analysera hur media framställer de brottsutsatta. Resultaten påvisar att media har en tendens att framställa brottsutsatta på olika sätt baserat på bland annat deras livssituation och deras bakgrund. Vidare visade det även att medias rapportering av brottsoffer kan vara mer omfattande beroende på hur väl en brottshändelse kan få andra människor att identifiera sig med den brottsutsatta och deras familj. / Media plays a big role in society and is partially responsible for how people in the society receives information about what is happening around the world. Newspapers are daily reporting about political, cultural and even criminal, events that occur, and the news is reached by thousands of people to read. This means that media has a lot of responsibility on their shoulders by giving out impartial, neutral and informative articles for people to read. In this study, we sought to investigate how media presents different types of victims, based on their life situation, the scene of the crime and also what type of crime they were victims of. The study was performed with a thematic analysis, where three known cases in Sweden was chosen, these were then compared and analysed in how they were presented in the media. The results of the study show that media have a tendency to present victims of crime different, depending on their life situation and their background. Furthermore, it showed that media's coverage on victims of crime can be more extensive, depending on how well a crime can make other people identify with the victim and its family.

First of all, this diploma thesis called Pastoral Care about Victims of Criminal Offence briefly purveys basics of criminal law. These handle the topic of victims of criminal offence. Secondly, this work deals with victims themselves. There are also explained chosen terms from this field particularly victimisation and post-traumatic stress disorder Thirdly, there are not only described psychological impacts of crime onto victims, but also system of psychological, social and juridical help for these victims. Moreover, after outlining possibilities of pastoral work in current society, there is given a description of integration of pastoral care about victims of crimes into pastoral field. Particularly, this pastoral work helps victims with their difficulties and suffering. By using appropriate pastoral means, pastoral work is aimed at overcoming difficult life situations with dignity. Very important is co- operation with state and non-profit organisations, which also offer help to victims of crimes Last but not least, in this thesis are described possibilities of pastoral care for victims of chosen crimes and for more vulnerable victims as children, elderly people and relatives of crime victims.