Syftet med denna undersökning var att kartlägga sjöingenjörsstudenters upplevelse av den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön ombord under deras fartygsförlagda praktiker, och i vilken utsträckning det påverkat deras framtida vilja att arbeta till sjöss. Undersökningen genomfördes med en kvalitativ forskningsansats där datainsamlingen skedde genom två fokusgruppsintervjuer och tio individuella intervjuer. Totalt har 18 sjöingenjörsstudenter från Sveriges sjöfartshögskolor ingått i undersökningen. Intervjuerna analyserades och tolkades genom hermeneutisk och semantisk metod, som presenterades i ett tematiskt resultat. De mest framträdande resultaten av undersökningen är att även om studenterna fick en förtrogenhetsutbildning, gavs den inte alltid innan de sattes i arbete. Majoriteten av studenterna arbetade betydligt fler timmar än vad som överenskommits i det så kallade elevavtalet. Studenterna upplever även att det förekommer ett bristande ledarskap hos vissa av handledarna, där några av studenterna har utsatts för kränkande särbehandling och dåligt beteende. Trots brister inom onboardingen och den organisatoriska och social arbetsmiljön, var det inga övergripande orsaker till att studenterna inte ville fortsätta arbeta till sjöss. Det var dock en minoritet som inte ville fortsätta att arbeta till sjöss. För dessa var orsaken bristande ledarskap och jargongen ombord. / The purpose of the work presented in this student thesis was to identify how marine engineer students have experienced the organisational and social work environment onboard during their internships, and if their experiences have affected their future career choices. A qualitative research approach was adopted. Data collection was performed through two semi-structured focus group interviews and ten semi-structured individual in-depth interviews. The data analysis was interpreted hermeneutic and semantic, and the result was presented thematic. The participating students shared many experiences. Most of the students were given the mandatory familiarization training onboard, but in many cases this was not completed until after the students first work task onboard the ship. Almost all the students worked more hours than stipulated in the student agreement. Some of the students experienced bad behaviour and were treated badly by their supervisor. Even though students experienced shortcomings in the organisational and social work environment, most of the students were still willing to pursue a career at sea. A small part of the students did not want to work at sea due to their experiences of poor social work environment and lack of leadership onboard. / Drivkrafter för kompetensförsörjning i en socialt hållbar sjöfart

This diploma thesis is comprised of a theoretical section and a practical section. The first theoretical subchapter introduces the CAN syndrome. The second theoretical subchapter focuses on the relevant international and national child protection legislation. The third subchapter "Child Interrogation" deals with the issue of the historical development of child interrogation techniques and methods, and the currently recommended interrogation techniques used to interrogate children in keeping with the Act on Criminal Judicial Procedure No. 141/1961 in the Czech Republic. The third subchapter also concerns with the character traits of the investigator, the qualification requirements of this profession and the fundamental methodology used to prevent a child's secondary victimisation. The fourth theoretical subchapter focuses on the specially designed interrogation room used, among others, for child interrogation. The theoretical part is based on reference literature and relevant legislation. The practical section includes the results of qualitative research. The first subchapter focuses on two case studies of child victims of abuse interrogation. The second subchapter analyses six interviews conducted with a methodological worker and with five investigators, who discuss their experience with the...

This thesis introduces sociolinguistic phenomenon called street compliment, that has not been studied much in Czech Republic. It is a form of a comment given in public places by unacquainted persons, most commonly by men to women but not exclusively. Based in the feminist tradition the research was realized as a set of semi-structured interviews with eight female participants. The research revealed how the participants understand the phenomenon and how the heteronormative configuration of society is being perpetuated. The interpretation of street compliment as a form of a compliment is based on the discourse of female atractiveness and a strong sexual drive at males. The street compliment can be used to express sexual interest, to perform masculinity or to perform identity overall. The street compliment as a display of masculine behaviour towards a legitimate target, that is to say attractive woman, refers to the use of street compliment as a mean of disciplination of female subjects. The participants agreed that they do not utter street compliments because of its convenience. Instead they would express their interest in a group of friends without exteriorizing it. On one side the participants create subversive discourses, however it is common to observe symbolic violence done to them, amongs other...

Thesis (M. A. (Criminology and Criminal Justice)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The purpose of this study was to explore domestic Violence, closely looking at the victimisation of women and children in the Mankweng police area, situated in Capricorn Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa. This study sought to identify factors contributing to abuse against women and children, to assess types of abuse experienced by victims and to determine measures that can be applied to prevent it. This qualitative study applied the exploratory research design to recruit participants using non-probability sampling techniques, specifically purposive sampling tehniques. About Fifteen (15) participants, including Twelve (12) local SAPS officials and three (3) social workers attached to the SAPS FCS who work closely with domestic violence, were selected in this study. Data was collected using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Based on the transcribed data, themes were extracted and analysed using Textual Content Analysis (TCA). This study established that there are factors that contribute to the occurrence of domestic VAW and children; victims are affected by domestic violence (I.e., Be it physical, sexual, psychological and financial); and that there are measures that may reduce its occurrence. Findings of this study indicates that factors such culture, alcohol abuse, financial dependency, and exposure to abuse at early childhood contribute to the occurrence of domestic violence and that victims experience abuse differently. For recommendations, there is a need for Educational programmes on domestic violence legislative framework(s), especially the Domestic Violence Act [DVA] (No. 116 of 1998). They should be strictly enforced to assist perpetrators to note the seriousness of this crime and the detrimental effects of their actions. The response of the Criminal Justice System (CJS) on this practice should be efficient in this regard. The potential victims should be aware of different steps to take to avoid domestic violence and related abuse. There also a dire needs for the available service providers, such as the social workers, health professional and police to be familiar with effective ways to deal with this practice. Keywords: Children, Domestic violence, Domestic Violence Act [DVA] (No. 116 of 1998), Limpopo Province, Mankweng policing area, Women, VictimisationVictims

The present thesis compares media representations of Yekîneyên Parastina Jin (YPJ or the Women’s Protection Units), an all-female Kurdish military organisation, in British media versus the organisation’s own media outlets, with the aim to see how they differ, more specifically in terms of representations of their ideological agency. By utilizing critical discourse analysis (CDA) in combination with postcolonial theory, the media construction of four soldiers’ deaths have been scrutinized in 30 media texts in order to provide a deeper understanding of the hegemonic discourses and sociocultural practices which underpin these constructions. The result shows a discrepancy in terms of representations of YPJ’s ideological agency. On the one hand, YPJ adopts an explicit effort to assert their ideology through a propagandistic discourse that emphasises their values of resistance, freedom, egalitarianism, gender emancipation and democratic confederalism, portraying their fighters as fearless martyrs and heroines that are determined to die for their cause. On the other hand, the UK media represent YPJ’s ideology in generic ways in which hidden ideological ‘us vs. them’ representations are deeply rooted in a broader naturalised Western hegemonic discourse, with portrayals of YPJ’s fallen soldiers mostly characterised by sensationalism and victimisation. One part of such hidden ideological agenda is the way in which YPJ constantly gets included in, and excluded from, ‘us’ (the West), depending on who the enemy is, in addition to mainly receiving media coverage in direct relation to ISIS, a common Western enemy. The result is a representation that endorses YPJ’s fight within a hegemonic Western discourse, neglecting their ideological agency. This has sociocultural implications since such hegemonic discourse misrepresents YPJ’s struggle, constructing their fight mostly as part of a Western counterterrorist strategy, which further legitimises the Western power to construct history based on its own premises and claims of truth.

Le développement de comportements sexuels problématiques (CSP) pendant l’enfance est un sujet de plus en plus étudié. Les chercheurs et les cliniciens ont souvent fait référence à l’agression sexuelle (AS) pour l’expliquer. Bien que le lien entre les CSP et l’AS soit bien documenté dans la littérature scientifique, il reste que la présence de CSP semble liée à plusieurs autres facteurs. Les auteurs s’intéressent de plus en plus à la relation entre les CSP et l’exposition à d’autres types de victimisation, incluant la maltraitance. La cooccurrence de différentes formes de victimisation s’avère donc être un angle important à explorer, en raison de sa relation avec différents indices de détresse psychologique incluant les comportements extériorisés. Objectif. L’objectif principal de ce mémoire est d’identifier les facteurs qui permettent d’estimer la probabilité qu’un enfant victime d’agression sexuelle (VAS) présente des CSP. Méthode. L’échantillon est composé de 372 enfants VAS (M âge enfant = 9,4 ans ; É-T = 2,2 ; 32,3% garçons) ayant fait l’objet d’une évaluation des besoins, dans un centre de services d’intervention spécialisés entre 2007 et 2016. Des analyses bivariées (chi-carré, anova, U de Mann-Whitney) et un modèle d’analyse de régression logistique hiérarchique ont été réalisés. Résultats. Les résultats des analyses bivariées révèlent que les enfants VAS manifestant des CSP se distinguent des enfants VAS n’ayant pas de CSP sur plusieurs variables : ils présentent plus de symptômes de dissociation, de dépression et d’anxiété; ils ont une plus faible estime de soi; ils perçoivent aussi recevoir moins de soutien à la suite de l’AS et présentent davantage des troubles de comportement extériorisés, de même que des stratégies de résolution de problème extériorisées; ils sont aussi plus souvent polyvictimes, ils sont notamment plus souvent exposés à la violence conjugale, plus susceptibles de vivre de la violence psychologique et d’avoir vécu une AS plus grave. Alors qu’ils reçoivent des services pour leur victimisation sexuelle; ils sont aussi plus susceptibles d’avoir un dossier actif en vertu de la Loi de la Protection de la Jeunesse (LPJ), ils vivent plus de placements, puis une médication leur est plus souvent prescrite. Lorsque l’ensemble de ces variables est considéré dans le modèle de régression logistique, l’analyse révèle que les facteurs suivants augmentent la probabilité qu’un enfant VAS présente des CSP : être un garçon (2,2 fois plus de risque), avoir une médication prescrite (2,2 fois plus de risque) et présenter un niveau de dissociation atteignant le seuil clinique (2,5 fois plus de risque). À l’inverse, la perception d’avoir reçu du soutien à la suite de l’AS diminue le risque que l’enfant VAS présente des CSP (0,8 fois moins de risque). Conclusion. Les résultats révèlent que l’apparition de CSP chez les enfants VAS semble liée à une accumulation de facteurs de vulnérabilité parmi lesquels la détresse psychologique (médication, dissociation) et la victimisation s’avèrent être des composantes particulièrement importantes. / The development of sexual behavior problems (SBP) during childhood is increasingly studied. While researchers and clinicians have often associated SBP to child sexual abuse (SA), the presence of SBP also seems to be linked to several other factors. Most recent works are exploring, among other factors, the frequent association between SBP and exposure to other forms of victimization, including child maltreatment. The cooccurrence of different forms of violence therefore turns out to be an important angle to explore because of its relationship with different indices of psychological distress, including externalizing behaviors. Objective. The main objective of this Masters’ thesis is to identify factors allowing to estimate the probability that a sexually abused child presents inappropriate sexual behaviors and SBP (referred to as SBP). Method. The sample was composed of 372 SA children (M child’s age = 9.4 years; SD = 2.2; 32.3% boys) who were assessed in a specialized intervention center between 2007 and 2016. Bivariate analysis (chi-square, one-way ANOVA, Mann Whitney U) and a hierarchical linear regression analysis were performed. Results. Bivariate analyses reveal that SA children with SBP show more symptoms of dissociation, depression, and anxiety than SA children without SBP. They also report receiving less support with regard to their SA experience and show more externalized behaviors and externalized problem solving strategies than SA children without SBP. Further, SA children with SBP are more frequently polyvictimized. For instance, compared to children without SBP more children in this group have been exposed to domestic violence, to psychological abuse and to more severe SA. While they are receiving services for their SA experience, they were are also more likely to have an active file under the Youth Protection Act (YPA), to experience placement, and to be prescribed medication for ADHD or behavior and emotion regulation problems. Taken together, multivariable analyses conducted with the regression model reveals that the following factors increase the probability of presenting SBP in SA victims: the child's gender (being a male, 2,2 times more likely to present SBP), being prescribed medication (2,2 times more likely to present SBP) and presenting a level of dissociation reaching the clinical threshold (2,5 times more likely to present SBP). Conversely, perceiving to have received less support in relation to the sexual abuse experienced decreases the risk that the AS child will present SBP (0,8 times less likely to present SBP). Conclusion. The results reveal that the development of SBP in child victims of SA appears associated to an accumulation of vulnerability factors, among which psychological distress (e.g.: dissociation and medication) and victimization prove to be particularly important components.

Les élèves vivant dans la crainte d’être victimisés par leurs pairs peuvent se comporter de différentes façons, notamment en évitant de se rendre à l’école ou encore en imaginant différents moyens d’autoprotection (ex., apporter divers objets potentiellement dangereux à l’école). L’objectif de ce mémoire est de vérifier s’il existe des liens entre la victimisation par les pairs et le fait d’apporter des objets potentiellement dangereux et pouvant servir d’arme à l’école. L’échantillon est composé de 28 015 élèves de la première à la cinquième secondaire (12 à 17 ans) en provenance des écoles secondaires publiques du Québec. Les participants ont rempli le Questionnaire sur la Sécurité et la Violence à l’école Révisé (QSVE-R) visant à dresser le portrait de la violence dans les établissements scolaires du Québec. Les résultats démontrent que 5,1 % des élèves, davantage de garçons (8,2 %) que de filles (2,1 %) disent avoir déjà apporté un objet potentiellement dangereux à l’école. Le risque d’apporter ces objets augmente avec l’âge et c’est le couteau qui est l’objet le plus populaire auprès des répondants. L’étude confirme l’influence de la victimisation de type direct (insultes-menaces et agressions physiques), du sexe (garçons) et de l’âge (17 ans et plus) sur le fait d’apporter un objet pouvant servir d’arme à l’école. En plus de proposer des pistes d’études futures pour en connaître davantage sur ce que vivent les élèves victimisés à l’école, les conclusions de cette recherche soulèvent l’importance d’aider ces jeunes victimes à développer de meilleures stratégies afin de mieux gérer cette situation pénible, et amènent des réflexions pour orienter les interventions visant à créer des milieux scolaires sécurisants pour tous. / Students living in fear of being victimized by their peers can behave in different ways, including avoiding school or imagining different ways of self-protection (ex., bringing various objects to school). The purpose of this study is to examine the links between peer victimization and bringing potentially dangerous objects which can be used as weapons at school. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 28 015 students ranging from secondary one to five (12 to 17 years of age) from seven different public high schools in the Province of Quebec. Participants completed the survey (QSVE-R) meant to portray the phenomenon of school violence in the Province of Quebec. The results showed that 5,1 % of students, a higher percentage of boys (8,2 %) than girls (2,1 %), reported bringing a potentially dangerous object to school. The risk of bringing these objects increases with age and the knife is the most popular object among students. Findings confirm the influence of direct victimization (insults, threats and physical attacks), gender (male) and age (17 and over) on the fact of bringing potentially dangerous objects which can be used as weapons at school. This study suggests ways to further investigate the experiences of victimized students at school. In addition, the research findings raise the importance of helping these young victims develop better strategies in order to better manage this painful situation. This study recommends actionable insights to guide interventions which in turn can create a reassuring school environment for everyone.

Ce mémoire de maitrise s’intéresse aux expériences spécifiques des femmes en contexte sectaire. Partout dans le monde, les droits des femmes ainsi que leur liberté ne sont, pour certains, toujours pas acquis ou, dans certains cas, remis en question. Il est établi que certains types de crimes, notamment les agressions sexuelles, sont plus susceptibles d’être perpétrés à l’encontre des femmes, tout comme certains contextes, relations intimes ou conjugales en particulier, sont plus propices à voir se développer différentes formes de violence principalement dirigées contre les femmes. Considérant le fait que ce sont des types de violence que l’on retrouve également en contexte sectaire, il apparait alors pertinent d’étudier l’expérience de femmes au sein de ces communautés. À la lumière de ces éléments, ce mémoire a pour objectif principal de cerner l’expérience des filles et des femmes dans les groupes sectaires en mettant l’accent, le cas échéant, sur les expériences de victimisation, ceci à partir du témoignage d’anciennes membres de tels regroupements. À l’aide d’une méthodologie qualitative, huit entrevues en profondeur, de type entretiens semi-directifs, ont été menées avec d’anciennes membres de groupes sectaires. Les témoignages des participantes ont été analysés selon une perspective féministe, en se basant sur la théorie du contrôle coercitif de Stark (2007). Les résultats permettent de constater que les femmes sont soumises au contrôle coercitif par le leader, lequel est renforcé par les autres membres et parfois la famille, impliqués dans le groupe. Elles sont enfermées dans des rôles souvent issus d’une vision patriarcale de la place de la femme dans la société, les obligeant à répondre aux exigences du leader et de leur communauté d’appartenance. Les femmes rencontrent aussi des difficultés à la sortie du groupe, notamment en lien avec la recherche d’aide formelle. À la lumière des données recueillies, il se dégage un réel besoin de sensibilisation et de formation sur la compréhension des expériences sectaires spécifiques aux femmes dans le but de leur venir en aide tout en respectant ce qu’elles ont vécu. De même, de nouvelles pistes de recherche concernant spécifiquement l’expérience des femmes dans les sectes sont ouvertes, ce mémoire ne faisant, somme toute, qu’effleurer le sujet. Il aura néanmoins permis de montrer que le sujet mérite sans l’ombre d’un doute d’être davantage exploré. / This master's thesis focuses on the specific experiences of women in a cultic context. Throughout the world, women's rights and freedoms are, for some, still not acquired or, in some cases, questioned. It has been established that certain types of crime, specifically sexual assault, are more likely to be perpetrated against women, just as certain contexts, in for example in intimate relationships, are more conducive to the development of various forms of violence directed primarily against women. Considering that these types of violence are also found in cultic contexts, it seems relevant to study the experience of women within these communities. In light of these elements, the main objective of this thesis is to identify the experience of girls and women in cultic groups, with an emphasis on experiences of victimization, if applicable, based on the testimony of former members of such groups. Using a qualitative methodology, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with former female cult members. The participants' testimonies were analyzed from a feminist perspective, based on Stark's (2007) theory of coercive control. The results show that women are subject to the coercive control by the leader, which is reinforced by other members and sometimes by family members involved in the group. Participants are locked into roles that often stem from a patriarchal vision of women's place in society, forcing them to respond to the requirements of the leader and the community to which they belong. Women also encounter difficulties when they leave the group, particularly in relation to seeking formal help. Considering the data collected, there is a real need for awareness and training on understanding the specific cultic experiences of women in order to help them while respecting what they have experienced. Similarly, new avenues of research specifically concerning the experience of women in cults are open, as this thesis only scratches the surface of the subject. Nevertheless, it has had the merit of showing that the subject deserves without a shadow of a doubt to be investigated further.

Thesis (M.A. (Criminology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / Binge drinking, crime and victimisation are increasingly being recognised as problems on university and college campuses. Binge drinking is a pattern of drinking that can lead to anti-social behaviour among students. This can lead to a number of negative individual and social effects such as crime and victimisation. The key concepts, binge drinking, crime and victimisation during bashes are defined in relation to the Lifestyle Exposure Theory and Routine Activities Theory. This is done within the concepts of the theories and in particular motivated offenders, suitable targets, in the absence of a capable guardian. The aim of the study was to describe binge drinking and its resultant criminological outcomes during bashes at the University of Limpopo. A qualitative design was used in this study. The sampling method that was used to select the participants was nonprobability sampling and specifically snowball sampling. Data was collected until the saturation point, where no new information occurred. To analyse the data, thematic content analysis was used.

La présente recherche veut connaitre l’ampleur des victimisations autres vécues par les jeunes exposés à la violence familiale et en savoir davantage en regard des effets de l’accumulation de violence dans la dernière année sur les conséquences de cette exposition. Pour ce faire, des données secondaires de deux recherches québécoises sur la polyvictimisation des enfants et des adolescents québécois sont utilisées, ainsi qu’une adaptation du Stress Process Model en tant que cadre théorique. L’analyse des données démontre que les enfants exposés à la violence familiale vivent plus de formes de violence diverses et d’événements aversifs que les enfants non exposés. Ils présentent aussi de l’anxiété, de la colère, de la dépression et du stress post-traumatique à un plus haut niveau. Le nombre d’autres victimisations vécues dans la dernière année a un effet modérateur sur la colère des deux à 11 ans et sur le syndrome de stress post-traumatique des 12 à 17 ans. La variation des symptômes de trauma est par contre faiblement expliquée par le modèle utilisé, impliquant que d’autres variables doivent être prises en compte pour bien comprendre les processus sous-jacents à l’apparition de conséquences psychologiques dans la vie des enfants vivant une accumulation de violences diverses. / The current research explores the importance of victimization of young people who have been exposed to family violence. It investigates the effects of violence accumulation in the last year and the consequences of their exposure to these specific circumstances. This project uses an adaptation of the Stress Process Model as a theoretical framework and two poly-victimization studies of children and teenagers as empirical evidence. Overall, this study shows that children who have been exposed to family violence experience more types of violence and adverse events than non-exposed children. They also suffer from anxiety, anger, depression and post-traumatic stress at a higher level. In concrete, the results show that the number of victimizations observed during the last year have a moderating effect on the anger of the 2 to 11 year-olds and on the post-traumatic syndrome of the 12 to 17 year-olds. Yet, the variation of traumatic symptoms is only weakly explained by the model used. Other variables must be taken into account to have a better understanding of how psychological consequences affect children who have endured the accumulation of diverse types of violence.