Research finds that intimate partner violence (IPV) occurs at comparable rates for heterosexuals and sexual minorities; however, few IPV prevention programs exist for sexual minority communities. Most programs are developed on heterosexuals and ignore the unique contexts and dynamics of IPV for sexual minorities. Community capacity IPV prevention programs aim to increase the skills and resources within informal social networks, and they represent a promising approach to IPV prevention for sexual minority communities. The current study explores the informal networks of sexual minorities in order to build knowledge that can inform the future development of community capacity IPV prevention programs for sexual minorities. The goal of the current study was to provide information on three major aspects of sexual minorities’ informal networks: network structure, network function, and the use of networks by sexual minorities experiencing IPV. The study used a mixed method design. The quantitative component included an online survey completed by 367 sexual minorities. The survey asked with whom sexual minorities discuss their intimate relationships, and it asked the response and helpfulness of each member. These data illustrated the structure and function of informal networks. The study also included interviews with seven sexual minority women on their experiences of seeking help for IPV from their social networks. This information addressed the third aspect of informal networks. The quantitative results revealed that sexual minorities turn to on average only three people to discuss relationship issues. Surprisingly, a substantial number were family, and almost half were heterosexual. The qualitative results illustrated that many informal networks members could benefit from receiving education on sexual minority identities and issues, IPV in sexual minority communities, and communication skills. The findings illustrated key aspects of informal networks that can be used to inform future community capacity IPV prevention programs for sexual minorities. Specifically, the quantitative data on network structure and function can be used to inform relevant targets for future programs, and the data from the interviews can inform aspects of program curricula.

Presented thesis is focused on a comprehensive analysis of domestic violence and its prevention. Domestic violence can be described as a deeply rooted socially pathological phenomenon about which the society dares to talk more and more openly over the last few decades. Its unique characteristic does not lay in the form of violence the victim has to endure but in the place in which the violence occurs. It is a private family environment which is hidden from the sight of the public. Due to this aspect domestic violence is not only a serious problem but also a problem that is very difficult to detect and repress. Because of this it is vital to access domestic violence with great care, consistency and expertise. In the first part the thesis focuses on theoretical description of domestic violence, presents possible definitions of the concept, states the characteristics of domestic violence and refutes certain myths which trivialise this social problem. Further in this part an overview of typology of domestic violence and forms of violent conduct is included. The last chapter of the first part is dedicated to analysing the causes of domestic violence and its perpetrators including their classification and possible effects of therapeutic programs for violent persons. This chapter also addresses the...

Thesis (M. A. (Criminology and Criminal Justice)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The purpose of this study was to explore domestic Violence, closely looking at the victimisation of women and children in the Mankweng police area, situated in Capricorn Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa. This study sought to identify factors contributing to abuse against women and children, to assess types of abuse experienced by victims and to determine measures that can be applied to prevent it. This qualitative study applied the exploratory research design to recruit participants using non-probability sampling techniques, specifically purposive sampling tehniques. About Fifteen (15) participants, including Twelve (12) local SAPS officials and three (3) social workers attached to the SAPS FCS who work closely with domestic violence, were selected in this study. Data was collected using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Based on the transcribed data, themes were extracted and analysed using Textual Content Analysis (TCA). This study established that there are factors that contribute to the occurrence of domestic VAW and children; victims are affected by domestic violence (I.e., Be it physical, sexual, psychological and financial); and that there are measures that may reduce its occurrence. Findings of this study indicates that factors such culture, alcohol abuse, financial dependency, and exposure to abuse at early childhood contribute to the occurrence of domestic violence and that victims experience abuse differently. For recommendations, there is a need for Educational programmes on domestic violence legislative framework(s), especially the Domestic Violence Act [DVA] (No. 116 of 1998). They should be strictly enforced to assist perpetrators to note the seriousness of this crime and the detrimental effects of their actions. The response of the Criminal Justice System (CJS) on this practice should be efficient in this regard. The potential victims should be aware of different steps to take to avoid domestic violence and related abuse. There also a dire needs for the available service providers, such as the social workers, health professional and police to be familiar with effective ways to deal with this practice. Keywords: Children, Domestic violence, Domestic Violence Act [DVA] (No. 116 of 1998), Limpopo Province, Mankweng policing area, Women, VictimisationVictims

自古以來婚姻暴力在臺灣社會是被忽視的議題，直到1998年臺灣通過家庭暴力防治法，成為全亞洲第一個完成立法的國家，也是一部保障被害人人權的法律。在實務上，家庭暴力防治法實施19年來，對家庭暴力防治法的效用為何，一直存在不同的爭論。在臺灣對婚姻暴力受暴者的保護，從保護人權的理想到權利的賦予，再從權利賦予看到權利對社會影響，法律實施多年後，實務上看到人權保護與權利賦予，中間產生非常大的落差，而產生落差的原因，是本研究所要回答的問題。 近年來西方創發第四種新權利理論，突破以往權利理論的框架，將自我與權利是循環（recursive）影響的觀點，然而華人的自我與西方自我截然不同。心理學家幫助我們把自我內在的基本心理結構做了許多描述和區分；人類學則說明華人自我和西方自我的不同，華人自我是差序格局，自我悠遊在父母兄弟姊妹之間的關係中。而本研究的自我與新權利理論不同之處在於，新權利理論的自我是個人主義式的自我，而本研究的自我是包含他人，在心理學和人類學的相互補充下，形成本研究重要的論述基礎。 本文研究方法有文獻回顧、質性深度訪談及個案分析三種。質性深度訪談，以受婚姻暴力女性的權利意識為主軸，訪談兩對曾有婚姻關係之夫妻，在婚姻中有發生過婚姻暴力，且法院核發保護令，本研究以兩對夫妻為個案分析對象。本研究結發現，在臺灣自我會影響權利，而距離和情是影響自我發展範圍大小及輕重的關鍵因素；性別會影響對雙方所認知產生距離的原因，以及雙方對夫妻之情轉變看法的關鍵有所不同。 本研究最後根據研究結果提出四項結論與建議，一、自我和權利是臺灣受婚姻暴力女性權利實踐的樣貌；二、在婚姻中的人權與權利主張中間有一段很大的落差；三、影響自我與權利的關鍵因素是距離和情；最後第四點，對臺灣婚姻暴力防治提出建議。 / Since ancient times, intimacy violence in Taiwan society is a neglected issue, until 1998, Taiwan through the Domestic Violence Prevention Act, to become the first in Asia to complete the legislation of the country, but also a protection of the human rights of the law. In practice, the implementation of the Domestic Violence Act 19 years, the effectiveness of the law on the prevention of domestic violence, there have been different debates. In Taiwan, the protection of intimacy violence by the violence, from the protection of human rights to the right to the right to give, and then given the rights from the right to see the social impact of the law after years of practice to see the protection of human rights and rights, the middle of the very The big gap, and the cause of the drop is the answer to this question. In recent years, the West created the fourth new theory of rights, breaking the framework of the previous theory of rights, the self and the right is recursive (recursive) the impact of view, but the Chinese self and Western self is very different. Psychologists help us to self-inner basic psychological structure to do a lot of description and distinction; anthropology is that the Chinese self and Western self is different, the Chinese self is the pattern of differences, self-leisurely in the relationship between parents and brothers and sisters. The difference between the self and the new right theory of this study is that the self of the new right theory is an individualistic self, and the self of the study contains other people, which are important in the complementarity of psychology and anthropology. The basis of the discussion. This article has three kinds of literature review, qualitative depth interview and case analysis. Qualitative depth of interviews, to intimacy violence women's rights awareness as the main axis, interview two pairs of marriages have marriages, intimacy violence in the marriage, and the court issued a protection order, the study of two couples as a case study Object. This study concludes that Taiwan's self affects rights, and distance and love are the key factors influencing the size and severity of self-development. Gender will affect the causes of the perceived distance between the two sides and the key to the change of husband and wife's feelings Different. In the end of this study, four conclusions and suggestions are put forward according to the research results. First, the self and the right are the practice of women's sexual rights in Taiwan. Second, there is a great gap between the human rights and rights in marriage. The key factors influencing the self and the right are the distance and the situation. Finally, the fourth point is to make suggestions on the prevention and control of intimacy violence in Taiwan.

Les faits de violences conjugales constituent un phénomène social d’importance. Les auteurs de ces faits ne sont la plupart du temps, ni des monstres, ni des pervers, ni même des malades mentaux. Nous avons constaté que trois sortes de facteurs sont déterminants dans la population étudiée, celle de 400 personnes mises en cause pour faits de violences conjugales. Ces trois catégories de facteurs étaient les suivants : sociaux et culturels, les attentes et les attitudes de chaque partenaire au sein du couple et enfin les facteurs intrapsychiques. Pour les facteurs sociaux et culturels, nous avons mis en évidence la notion de déprivation psychosociale. Quant aux attitudes du conjoint au sein du couple, elles s’articulent autour d’une double tendance indépendance-dépendance. Pour les conjointes, nous avons mis en évidence des attitudes de maternalité. Enfin, l’ensemble des processus psychiques des auteurs de violences conjugales rencontrés, s’ordonnent dans une polarité narcissique-identitaire. Face aux violences conjugales, la société met en œuvre un processus judiciaire obéissant à un arsenal juridique de plus en plus nourri. Depuis les années quatre-vingt-dix, sont nés des dispositifs de prise en compte de ces auteurs. Le dispositif VIRAGE, né en 2002 à Saint-Etienne (Loire) par la volonté de deux structures, une associative et l’autre hospitalière, est un de ceux-là. Quels sont les effets et limites des groupes mis en place par ce dispositif ? Si les effets de tels groupes sur la récidive ne sont pas probants, par contre ils s’avèrent pertinents sur l’expression, les représentations, la reconnaissance des faits, la compréhension de la sanction, le renouage des liens notamment avec les enfants, l’ouverture à d’autres modes de communication.Les limites sont celles d’un dispositif ayant pour intention des changements. Ce dispositif que nous avons qualifié d’encadrement social, selon un modèle psycho-éducatif, ne doit pas être assimilé à un processus judiciaire car il changerait fondamentalement de positionnement. Nous proposons à la fin de la thèse un programme de prévention tenant compte de ces acquis. / Marital violence is one really important social phenomenon. The perpetrators in these facts are most of the time, neither monsters, nor perverts, nor mental patients. We had concluded that three kinds of factor are determinative for the study population, which consists of 400 persons accused for marital violence. These three categories of factors were following: social and cultural expectations and attitudes of each partner and finally intrapsychic factors. For the social and cultural factors we have highlighted the concept of psychosocial deprivation. Regarding the attitudes of the spouse, they revolve around double tendency of independence-dependence. For the spouses, we have highlighted attitudes of “maternalité”. Finally, all psychic processes in the perpetrators of the marital violence, which we had met, are organized in a polarity narcissistic identity. The society faced with marital violence implements a judicial system which follows and give more and more resources to this legal arsenal. In the nineties, the programmes were born considering the perpetrators of the marital violence. The programme VIRAGE is among them, founded 2002 in Saint-Etienne (Loire), because of wish of two structures, one association and one hospital. What are the effects and the limits of the groups? The effects of such groups on the recidivism aren’t convincing, but it turns out that they are relevant for the expression, for the representations, for the reconnaissance of the facts, for the understanding of sanction, for the renewal of the relations with children, for the openness to the other modes of communication. Those limits are a programme with the intention of changing. This programme we have described as social support, according to a psycho-educational model, should not be comparable to a judicial system as it will change fundamentally positioning. We propose one program for prevention at the end of the thesis.

Estudou-se a forma usual como a violência vem se apresentando e é ou não trabalhada no interior dos serviços de saúde de atenção primária. A partir da interação que se estabelece entre as usuárias e profissionais desses serviços busca-se as condições que propiciam ou obstaculizam a emergência, o acolhimento e a proposta de intervenção sobre a questão no interior de um serviço de saúde. Foi estudado um serviço específico que tinha como característica ter o PAISM implantado através de observação direta de atividades assistenciais, análise do registro em prontuário e do perfil de consumo do serviço e entrevistas com usuárias e profissionais. Encontrou-se a emergência de conflitos em torno das relações de gênero e violência de gênero no registro tanto em prontuários como na observação direta. Observou-se que as possibilidades de emergência destes conflitos estão ligadas aos canais de comunicação abertos e à possibilidade de antever alguma resposta para o exercício profissional. Discute-se os riscos trazidos pela possível medicalização e psiquiatrização da violência e a importância de um trabalho intersetorial e multidisciplinar para apreender e trabalhar o problema. / The purpose of this paper is to identify the usual ways in which violence has been manifesting itself and how health services deal with it –- or fail to do so. It tries to understand the relation that is established between female users and the professionals who work at these healthcare services with regard to the problem of violence against women as a form of demand capable of generating the production of healthcare. This comprehension has made it possible to understand the conditions that either enable or stand it the way of the manifestation, the provision of care and the intervention proposal relative to the issue within healthcare services. The risks that result from the possible medicalization of violence are also discussed, as well as the importance of interdisciplinary and intersectorial work in both understanding and dealing with the problem.

Estudou-se a forma usual como a violência vem se apresentando e é ou não trabalhada no interior dos serviços de saúde de atenção primária. A partir da interação que se estabelece entre as usuárias e profissionais desses serviços busca-se as condições que propiciam ou obstaculizam a emergência, o acolhimento e a proposta de intervenção sobre a questão no interior de um serviço de saúde. Foi estudado um serviço específico que tinha como característica ter o PAISM implantado através de observação direta de atividades assistenciais, análise do registro em prontuário e do perfil de consumo do serviço e entrevistas com usuárias e profissionais. Encontrou-se a emergência de conflitos em torno das relações de gênero e violência de gênero no registro tanto em prontuários como na observação direta. Observou-se que as possibilidades de emergência destes conflitos estão ligadas aos canais de comunicação abertos e à possibilidade de antever alguma resposta para o exercício profissional. Discute-se os riscos trazidos pela possível medicalização e psiquiatrização da violência e a importância de um trabalho intersetorial e multidisciplinar para apreender e trabalhar o problema. / The purpose of this paper is to identify the usual ways in which violence has been manifesting itself and how health services deal with it –- or fail to do so. It tries to understand the relation that is established between female users and the professionals who work at these healthcare services with regard to the problem of violence against women as a form of demand capable of generating the production of healthcare. This comprehension has made it possible to understand the conditions that either enable or stand it the way of the manifestation, the provision of care and the intervention proposal relative to the issue within healthcare services. The risks that result from the possible medicalization of violence are also discussed, as well as the importance of interdisciplinary and intersectorial work in both understanding and dealing with the problem.