Executive functions (EF) are higher-level control processes that regulate lower-level processes to shape complex performance. Although remaining an elusive construct, researchers have dichotomized EF into “cool” cognitive processes, such as cognitive flexibility, and “hot” emotional processes, such as decision-making. The current study investigated both “cool” and “hot” EF as moderators of the relation between provocation and aggression. Undergraduate participants (N = 224) completed measures of “cool” and “hot” EF. Aggression was measured using a modified version of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm in which participants blasted an ostensive “partner” after receiving positive or negative feedback. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task was associated with aggression for males, but not for females; the Trail Making Test- Part B was not related to aggression; the Iowa Gambling Task was the strongest predictor of aggression for both genders. Findings highlight the importance of including measures of “cool” and “hot” EF in the assessment of aggression.

English abstract Domestic violence in society This thesis is divided into two parts to reflect the definition of domestic violence as a very broad social (gender) and legal term. The opening chapter provides an introduction to the theory of domestic violence along with en explanation of its elementary features and concepts. The chapter describes domestic violence as a societal problem which - in the light of statistically proven (and surprisingly frequent) occurrence and presumptive high latency - cannot be put aside as a marginal pathological phenomenon. Such (erroneous) conclusion, however, is tempting since there are many myths around intimate violence, as is a general misapprehension that both victims of domestic violence as well as persons abusing their close relatives can be unmistakably identified. The author of this work aspires to refute such conclusions by pointing to criminological as well as victimological specifics of a person that is the victim or perpetrator of domestic violence. The second chapter explores the factors of feminization of domestic violence, including the aspects of gender, gender socialization and its dynamics, discrimination and violence against women. Worldwide, domestic violence is still considered a subcategory of violence against women, despite the facts that anyone can...

The vakstugor were informal and armed reunions organised by the parents of Stockholm during thewitch craze that reached the city around the year 1674. They were designed to defend the children from the witches’ assaults, and included both men and women, who could carry weapons. By comparing both the ordinary violence found in ordinary court records and the violence found in the Witchcraft Commission records, this study intends to understand the phenomenon of the vakstugor, in the light of the relationship between violence and gender. The study first reassessed women’s ordinary spectrum of violence, to understand what violence looked like during the period spanning from 1667 to 1686. It then found that the experience of the vakstugor exhibits a significant widening of this spectrum. Followingly, the thesis found that, despite the fact that women were usually excluded from collective violent organisations, such as armies, militias and the like, their participation in the vakstugor was not considered illegitimate by the authorities because of theirgender. Finally, an important underlying aim of this thesis is to draw the attention on the yet unstudied phenomenon of the vakstugor, which existed not only in Stockholm, but also in northern Sweden and Norway.

In much existing literature the incidence of sexual violence during Hindu-Muslim conflict has been attributed to the militant ideology of Hindu nationalism. This thesis interrogates this view. It first examines the ideological framework laid down by the founding ideologues of the Hindu nationalist movement with respect to sexual violence. I argue that a justification of sexual violence against Muslim women is at the core of their ideology. In order to examine how this ideology has contributed to the actual incidents, this thesis studies the episodes of Hindu-Muslim violence that occurred in 1969, 1985, 1992 and 2002 in the western Indian city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. An examination of these episodes shows that sexual violence against Muslim women, in both extreme and less extreme forms, were significantly motivated by Hindu nationalist ideology. However, in addition to this ideology, patriarchal ideas that serve to normalize sexual violence as ‘sex’ and sanction its infliction to maintain gendered hierarchies also motivated such crimes. Moreover, this thesis argues that the manifestation of Hindu nationalist and patriarchal motivations in acts of sexual violence was enabled by the breakdown of neighbourhood ties between Hindus and Muslims in 1969 and 2002. By contrast, during the 1985 and 1992 riots Hindus and Muslims strengthened neighbourhood ties despite extensive communal mobilization, which seems to have prevented the perpetration of extreme sexual violence against Muslim women. Thus, by providing a comprehensive analysis of the contribution of Hindu nationalist ideology, and arguing for the significance of the patriarchal ideas and neighbourhood ties in the infliction of sexual violence during conflict, this study contributes to and departs from the existing literature.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-11-30T13:41:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 INGA FARES RAZZOUK.pdf: 1658205 bytes, checksum: 4cd330878753f6a48c6b5427c0736a1d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-30T13:41:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 INGA FARES RAZZOUK.pdf: 1658205 bytes, checksum: 4cd330878753f6a48c6b5427c0736a1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-12 / This research aimed to analyze the criminal decisions utted by the judges of the Court of Justice of the State of Goias, in the years 2013 and 2014, in cases of jurisdiction’s conflict, established with the purpose to resolve doubts about competence of the judge or tribunal of first instance for appreciate, prosecute and judge cases of violence against women. For this, it was done bibliographic survey, with a multidisciplinary approach, about of the categories of violence against women, gender and judicial power to get a broad view of the phenomenon. Subsequently, through of quantitative and qualitative method, was analyzed, respectively, the characteristics and positioning of Goias Justice through legal arguments affixed to these documents. The results obtained indicate that the Judiciary goiano incorporated the paradigm defined in the Maria da Penha Law to match the social expectations to protect women victims of domestic and family violence, which are in vulnerable situations, weaker position and inferiority in front of the patriarchal power male, because the interpretation given to this particular law was made to prevent the violation of human rights. Allow access to justice meant to recognize the peculiar condition of women as subjects of rights, provide the strengthening of citizenship and empowerment as they feel safer to denounce their aggressors seeking criminal responsibility. / Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar as decisões penais proferidas pelos desembargadores da Seção Criminal do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de Goiás, nos anos de 2013 e 2014, nos incidentes de conflito de competência, instaurados com o propósito de dirimir dúvida acerca da competência do órgão julgador de primeira instância para apreciar, processar e julgar casos de violência contra as mulheres. Para isto, foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico, com abordagem multidisciplinar, a respeito das categorias violência contra as mulheres, gênero e justiça a fim de obter uma visão ampla do fenômeno. Posteriormente, por meio do método quanti-qualitativo, analisou-se, respectivamente, as características e o posicionamento da corte judiciária goiana por meio dos argumentos jurídicos apostos nestes documentos judiciais. Os resultados obtidos apontam que a corte judiciária goiana incorporou o paradigma definido na Lei Maria da Penha ao corresponder às expectativas sociais de proteção às mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica e familiar, as quais se encontram em situação de vulnerabilidade, hipossuficiência e inferioridade frente ao poder patriarcal masculino, uma vez que a interpretação dada a esta lei específica foi feita para evitar a violação dos direitos humanos. Permitir o acesso à justiça significou reconhecer a condição peculiar das mulheres enquanto sujeito de direitos, proporcionando o fortalecimento da cidadania e o empoderamento, já que elas se sentem mais seguras para denunciar seus agressores, visando à responsabilização penal.

The purpose of this essay is to reckon about this violence of a gender, particularly about the crimes of rape in the city of Uberlândia between the decades of 1940 to 1960. This argument concerns about how this theme is showing its importance on the fields of history lately. Decomposing women´s paradigm of being lower than men, providing a better view on social relationships involving them. This project began from the research of several criminal trials that had been incinerated from Abelardo Penna Forum for lack of room. They are about 20.000 trials dating from 1890 to 1984 that can be found nowadays at CDHIS (Centro de Documentação e Pesquisa em História History Center of Documentation and Research) of Uberlândia Federal University. In this documentation we found information about the social subjects involved, for instance: names, professions, education, age, ethnicity, marital status, addresses, nationality and social rates. We were also allowed to check on the victims` speeches, as well as the defendants, judges, promoters, the commission agents, doctors, lawyers and witnesses involved in such a crime, what makes the source of this essay. Realizing the great possibilities of analyses on this documentation, the field of reflection used on this research has its goal on working the speeches built by the violence of a gender in Uberlândia City. And understand how culturally such a pattern behavior of femininity and masculinity were built in the Brazilian society, having as a reference the jurisprudence of this remote time, and mainly the Civil Code from 1916 and the Criminal Code from 1940. / A proposta deste trabalho é pensar a violência de gênero, em particular os crimes de estupro na cidade de Uberlândia entre as décadas de 1940 a 1960. Esta discussão abarcando a temática da violência de gênero tem demonstrado sua importância e atualidade no campo da história nos últimos anos. Decompondo o paradigma da mulher como sendo um ser inferior ao homem, e proporcionando novos olhares sobre as relações sociais destes sujeitos. Este trabalho de pesquisa teve início a partir de vários processos criminais que seriam incinerados pelo Fórum Abelardo Penna por falta de espaço físico. São aproximadamente 20.000 processos criminais de 1890 a 1984 que se encontram hoje no CDHIS (Centro de Documentação e Pesquisa em História) da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Nesta documentação encontramos informações sobre os sujeitos sociais envolvidos, como por exemplo: nome, profissão, grau de instrução, idade, cor, estado civil, endereço, nacionalidade e posição social. Evidenciamos ainda os discursos das vítimas, réus, juizes, promotores, delegados de polícia, médicos, advogados e testemunhas em relação ao crime ocorrido, e que é o fio condutor deste trabalho. Percebendo as diversas possibilidades de análise desta documentação, o campo de reflexão utilizado na pesquisa tem por objetivo trabalhar os discursos que foram construídos sobre a violência de gênero na cidade de Uberlândia. E compreender como culturalmente foi construído os modelos de comportamentos para a feminilidade e a masculinidade na sociedade brasileira, tendo como referencial a jurisprudência da época, e principalmente o Código Civil de 1916 e o Código Penal de 1940. / Mestre em História

The submitted thesis entitled Framing of the Istanbul Convention in Selected Czech Media examines the way in which this particular topic was presented in printed and online media in the year 2018. The Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence, also known as the Istanbul Convention, is a document, in which Czech Republic, by accepting it, has to commit to the a necessary steps to fight against gender based violence in our country. The aim of this work is to identify and present the specific media frames that have been used in the connection with the discussions surrounding the Istanbul Convention and to describe the construction of the actors around this document. The research sample consists of four printed pieces of media, namely Hospodářské noviny, Lidové noviny, Mladá fronta DNES and Právo and eight online journals aktualne.cz, blesk.cz, denik.cz, eurozpravy.cz, novinky.cz, parlamentnilisty.cz, reflex.cz and seznamzpravy.cz. Qualitative methods based on grounded theory techniques were used for the research. The result of open and axial coding is in total nine media frames about the way in which the Istanbul Convention is framed in Czech media.

The complex and multilayered interdependence of health and security gets exceedingly obvious in conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV); however, its scientific study is exceptionally invisible. Political unrest increases incidence of gender-based violence (GBV). Rapes, including gang rapes, and forced insertion into the female genitalia of foreign bodies such as bottles, sticks, and weapons can lead to injury of the vagina and the development of traumatic vaginal fistulas (TVF). This paper aims to give structure to the particular characteristics of traumatic vaginal fistula in conflict settings and its immanent linkage to human security. The authors reviewed all papers concerning prevalence and causes of CRSV-caused TVF (CRSV-TVF) that were available on PubMed and GoogleScholar in February 2021. Findings were integrated into feminist theory on CRSV to identify the connecting linkages of security, health, and gender equality. CRSV-caused TVF illustrate well the complex interdependences of health and security: (1) insecurity leads to a higher prevalence of sexual violence; (2) sexual violence can serve as a weapon of war; (3) insecurity prolongs sufficient medical care; (4) vaginal fistula impede female empowerment and societal development. The multiple threads of their connection reveal several implications for the prevention and treatment of TVF. The reciprocal connection of CRSV and security exemplifies a vicious circle of health security.

This is an ethnographic study of discourses and experiences concerning sexual exchanges among kin “who are too closely related to marry each other” (OED), or what in lay language is called “incest”. I investigate the ways in which a certain kind of incest, that between older men and younger women, primarily from different generations, is experienced by women of predominantly rural origin, who have been hospitalized in the major public psychiatric hospital in Bolivia, in Sucre. In this sense, this research is as much a study of incest as it is of psychiatric institutionalization. These experiences will be considered in the context of a wider field of ethnic, class and gender discourses that are produced by medical staff, community organizations, as well as national judicial institutions. The category of 'incest' is problematized in terms of how kinship is constructed, not only as a series of dynamic discourses (as practices whose effect is the production of events) but also as mobile experiences, however socially regulated. With this in mind, I present an account of Andean concepts and treatment of incest, as well as of legal and medical categories. Specifically, I focus on the play between discourses in the context of the psychiatric hospital, the judicial court and the communities of selected inmates. I show how the inmates' experiences of intergenerational incest and sexual violence in general are related to the dominant ethnic, class and gender narratives produced by medical staff, community organizations, and judicial institutions.

The centrepoint of this thesis is an action research project, the Maternal Alienation Project (MAP), implemented during 2002 and 2003 in Adelaide, South Australia. Resourced by two government-funded community health services, it was established to improve organisations’ (health, welfare and legal) and systems’ responses to the newly termed ‘maternal alienation’. MAP was situated within a tradition of feminist participatory and action research. It was designed to work on three levels: practice, systems and policy-making, and research. The outcomes, processes and events of MAP at the different levels of its operation are examined in the thesis through the employment of a gendered analysis drawn mainly from materialist feminism and standpoint theories. Post-project interviews and focus groups provided further data to the fieldnotes written throughout MAP, and the project’s formal and informal documents. A recent example of a contested gendered concept, “maternal alienation” was first identified and named in 1999 as a component of gender violence (Morris 1999). It forms part of a spectrum of violence perpetrated in households, and had been identified within domestic violence and child sexual abuse. It is a term for the range of tactics used by mainly male perpetrators, predominantly the mothers’ intimate partners and the children’s fathers or step-fathers, to deliberately undermine the relationship between mothers and their children. The mother-blaming discourses and degrading constructions of mothers conveyed to children and those in the family’s orbit are strongly related to wider socio-cultural constructions of women and mothers. The thesis examines theories of gender, gendered organisations and gender violence. It develops the concept of an abusive household gender regime, characterised by perpetrators’ imposition of a coercive and abusive regime on household members, and particular patternings of gendered relations. Comparisons are made between household and organisational gender regimes, which are also viewed in relation to the local gender order at the time of MAP. It was found that services that lack an analysis of gender are likely to re-inscribe the dynamics of maternal alienation in their responses to families. Language was found to play a significant part in addressing maternal alienation, particularly in developing congruence between language and women’s and children’s “lived” experiences. The principles that were developed were founded on supporting mothers and rebuilding their relationships with children, and making visible the tactics employed by perpetrators, thereby reducing their power to coerce and increasing their accountability. The concept of maternal alienation and MAP itself were attacked by a coalition of men’s rights and Christian Right lobbyists. This compromised the operations of MAP, and of its key supporters, managers of feminist and gender-aware organisations. In many ways these attacks, played out at a macro level, reflected the techniques and dynamics of maternal alienation at a micro level. This thesis raises questions about the strategies that feminist organisations need to develop to more effectively pursue feminist agendas, and to re-invigorate a women’s movement. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2008