<p align="justify">Aujourd'hui, la gestion des documents est l'un des problèmes les plus importants en informatique. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un système de gestion documentaire basé sur une approche appelée recherche structurée et collaborative. Les caractéristiques essentielles sont :</p> <ul><li><p align="justify">Dès lors que les utilisateurs ont plusieurs centres d'intérêts, ils sont décrits par des profils, un profil correspondant à un centre d'intérêt particulier. C'est la partie structurée du système.</li> </p> <li><p align="justify">Pour construire une description des profils, les utilisateurs jugent des documents en fonction de leur intérêt</li> </p> <li><p align="justify">Le système regroupe les profils similaires pour former un certain nombre de communautés virtuelles</li></p> <li><p align="justify">Une fois les communautés virtuelles définies, des documents jugés comme intéressants par certains utilisateurs d'une communauté peuvent être partagés dans toute la communauté. C'est la partie collaborative du système.</p> </li></ul> <p align="justify">Le système a été validé sur plusieurs corpora de documents en utilisant une méthodologie précise et offre des résultats prometteurs.</p>

Lifestyle blogging has become a vast and profitable domain, with visitors engaging with new content in a variety of ways. The communities that begin to form around these blogs has rarely been analyzed, due to a lack of metrics and a complex definition of virtual communities. Relying on Henry Jenkins work on virtual communities, a set of metrics were used to analyze the depth and breadth of three communities: A Cup of Jo, Wit & Delight, and Cupcakes and Cashmere. The three areas these metrics worked to measure were: awareness, membership, and belonging. Through this audience reception study the clear marker of a community was the direct and systematic blogger engagement with the readership. Many other factors are influential in building a virtual community on a blog, however, what set the three blogs apart was the ways in which Joanna Goddard (A Cup of Jo) and Kate Arends (Wit & Delight) reached out and built relationships with their readers, strengthening their community and allowing it to thrive.

Notre recherche sera centrée sur les interactions entre les réseaux sociaux et les organisations sportives au niveau de la promotion des valeurs de l’olympisme à savoir l’amitié, le respect et l’excellence. L’intérêt et la spécificité de cette recherche consiste dans le manque d’études qui portent sur les relations entre les individus et les organisations sportives via les réseaux sociaux et plus particulièrement sur la promotion des valeurs de l’olympisme. Par ce travail de recherche, nous espérons mieux cerner le positionnement et la perception du mouvement olympique par le biais de ses valeurs. Au plan méthodologique, après l’analyse du contenu et de l’architecture de sites institutionnels comme celui du Comité International Olympique et de certains comités olympiques nationaux, nous avons opté de combiner deux méthodes : la Netnographie ainsi que des entretiens semi-directifs en ligne et un questionnaire à choix multiple qui ont été analysé par les logiciels Sphinx et Tropes. Notre étude portant sur les réseaux sociaux, nous avons créé sur Facebook une page intitulée « Promotion des valeurs olympiques » qui nous permettra d’appliquer les techniques qualitatives citées précédemment. La population visée par cette recherche est composée de personnes ayant une expérience dans le domaine sportif (champions du monde, olympique et nationaux, membres des comités nationaux, des professeurs de sport et d’éducation physique, etc.). Il est bien évident que l’importance et la récence de ce type d’étude au niveau des organisations sportives devra nécessiter par la suite une démarche plus approfondie et étendue, relayée par des études quantitatives sur des publics aux profils divers. / Our research will focus on the interactions between social networks and sports organizations in the promotion of Olympic values namely friendship, respect and excellence. Interest and specificity of this research is the lack of studies that focus on the relationships between individuals and sports organizations via social networks and more particularly to promote the values of Olympism. For this research, we hope to better understand the position and perception of the Olympic movement through its values. Methodologically, after analyzing the content and architecture of institutional sites such as the International Olympic Committee and some National Olympic Committees, we decided to combine two methods: netnographie, semi-structured interviews online and multi choice questionnary will be analyzing with Sphinx and Tropes. Our study of social networks, we have created a page on Facebook entitled "Promotion of Olympic Values» which allows us to apply qualitative techniques mentioned above. The target population for this research is comprised of individuals with experience in the field of sports (world champions, Olympic and national, national committees, faculty of sport and physical education, etc.). It is obvious that the importance and recency of this type of study in sports organizations will need later a more thorough and extensive, supported by quantitative studies on more diverse public profiles.

[pt] Cresce a cada dia o número de empresas no Brasil e no mundo que vêm se constituindo em redes, ou seja, se estruturando através de alianças múltiplas e de diferentes tipos. Nesse cenário, duas grandes empresas brasileiras - a Souza Cruz e a Ambev - líderes em seus segmentos, estabeleceram uma aliança criando uma nova empresa, o portal Agrega Inteligência em Compras, cujo objetivo primordial é a gestão de compras de materiais indiretos e de serviços para ambas, assim como para as empresas cliente. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o funcionamento do portal Agrega, suas contribuições e implicações estratégicas sobre o desempenho e desdobramentos em termos competitivos, de modo a contribuir para outros estudos sobre gestão de empresas inseridas neste tipo de aliança. A metodologia utilizada é o estudo de caso com triangulação de métodos; os dados foram coletados por meio de investigação documental/telematizada e levantamento de percepções, com auxílio de questionário predominantemente estruturado e entrevistas complementares. O tratamento do material associou métodos quantitativos e qualitativos. A interpretação e a análise dos dados basearam-se no referencial teórico, com auxílio dos modelos integrativos de Macedo-Soares, em suas versões tradicional e relacional. Os resultados evidenciaram que a análise na ótica relacional, que leva em conta as implicações estratégicas das alianças, agrega valor à análise tradicional, contribuindo com novos insights para a tomada de decisão estratégica pelas empresas. O estudo propõe ainda um fluxograma de avaliação para empresas que procuram alavancar seus ganhos a partir das alianças do tipo joint-venture. / [en] The number of companies in Brazil and in the world is growing made up of networks or, in another word, structuring themselves through multiple alliances and different company structures. With this in mind, two large Brazilian companies SC and Ambev, leaders in their fields established an alliance creating a new company, Agrega Inteligência em Compras, whose primary aim is the management of indirect purchases of materials and services for both, as well as for the client companies. The present research is how to analyse the working of Agrega, its contribution and strategic implications on the performance and the impact in competitor terms to help contribute to other studies about the administration of companies aligned with this type of alliance. The methodology used is the case study methods using triangulation; the data is collected by means of documetal investigation considering the outcome with the help of a predominantly structured questionnaire and follow up interviews. The material is used to associate quantitative and qualitative methods. The interpretation and data analyses are based on theoretical methods using Macedo Soares integrative models in its traditional and relational versions. The results show that the analysis of the relational model take into consideration the strategic implications of the alliances evaluating the traditional analyses contributing with new insights in the decision making strategy of companies. The study further proposes a fluxogram evaluation for companies looking to increase their gains through alliances of this joint venture type.

Relações de poder na sociedade em rede, emergência, nomadismo e coletivos digitais. Estudo inserido na Área de Concentração Interfaces Sociais da Comunicação, na Linha de Pesquisa Educomunicação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Comunicação (PPGCOM) da Universidade de São Paulo. A pesquisa trata dos critérios de reputação em trabalho coletivo mediado denominado texto coletivo desenvolvido por alunos do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências da Comunicação (PPGCOM) da Escola de Comunicação e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo, constituindo-se em um estudo de caso na disciplina Criando Comunidades Virtuais de Aprendizagem e Prática, em vigor desde o ano de 2001. Estudo longitudinal, exploratório, o método é etnográfico utilizando técnicas de coleta de dados quantitativas (questionário fechado) e qualitativas observação participante e coleta de depoimentos. Os resultados apontam para os seguintes critérios de reputação: a) o envolvimento dos participantes na atividade de produção coletivo; b) a influência do conhecimento de cultura digital e ferramentas da web (literacia digital); c) perfil do aluno e característica pessoais que despertam a confiança e o compartilhamento de conhecimento por parte dos outros colegas. / Powerelationships in network society: emergence, nomadism and digital colectives. This research belongs to Graduate Program of Communication Sciences in School of Arts at University of São Paulo/Brazil. The study deals about the emergence of reputation\'s criteria on a collaborative mediated work - a collective text - written by graduate students of Graduated Program of Communication Sciences in School of Arts and Communication from University of Sao Paulo/ Brazil. The students were taking part at a discipline named Building Virtual Learning Communities and Practice being offered on the graduated program since 2001. Exploratory and longitudinal, this study adopted an etnographic perspective through quantitative methods (surveys) and qualitative methods testimonys and participant observation. The results are pointting to the emergence of the following reputation\'s criteria: a) student\'s motivation and envolvement in the collaborative work b) the influence of digital literacy c) the influence of contigencial\'s factors like profile, charisma, and trust by the other students during the collaborative work.

Web mediated communications revolutionized traditional social interactions. It is designed tofacilitate information exchange between individuals and to enable people to connect with friends,family, classmates etc. virtually. By the formation of virtual communities, “web mediatedcommunication” is defined as a wider concept known as “social media”. Social media enhancesthe volume of communications and interpersonal interactions based on the power of web 2.0technology. People join to the virtual communities of online social networks to procureinformation from everywhere, share ideas, experiences, photos, videos and memorable momentswhile extending friendships beyond the geographical and cultural borders. The emergence and fastgrowth of social media among people added value to the web activities and convinced web mastersto integrate web services such as e-mail, chat, discussion rooms, forums and third partyapplications to the social media web sites. Many of social media web sites are hosting millions ofmembers, equipping their web sites with communication tools, sharing options, dynamic contentcreation and collaborative authoring facilities which never experienced before. Facebook, Twitterand GooglePlus are examples of most known social media web sites which gained popularityamong people so fast.Social media helps people to make new friends, find lost friends and old classmates whileproviding an opportunity to build new friendships. This new communication technology empowerspeople to collaborate in authoring of the web content and causes the information sharing synergy.Such positive aspects are enough for people to ignore the consequences of joining social media.Despite the rise of friendships in number, the physical encounters are substituted by virtual oneswhich causes weak friendship ties. In addition, social media platforms promise the security andprivacy of users, but issues such as identity theft and worm attacks threaten users&apos; privacy andsecurity. Social media is in its infancy, adopted among people for less than a decade whereas a lackof research in this field is evident. The author of this thesis aimed at filling this gap byinvestigating the positive and negative effects of using social media through collecting the users&apos;experiences and professionals&apos; viewpoints. Theoretical study primarily illuminated the mainpositive and negative aspects while the findings of empirical research verified by theoretical studyidentified other practical effects and aspects of social media. / Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik

O serviço público passa por um período de reinvenção e mudança em busca dos valores da Nova Gestão pública baseados na aproximação com as demandas da sociedade e incentivo a um ambiente aberto, transparente e inovador. Em consonância, o servidor público se posiciona cada vez mais de maneira ativa e consciente do seu papel, disposto a participar de um desafio aberto, diferente do imposto por um ambiente burocratizado e desumanizado. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa apoiou-se em um estudo de caso que se utilizou de uma observação participante permeada por um estudo teórico dos saberes necessários para entendela e pesquisá-la, envolvendo os conceitos de: inovação no setor público, intelectual orgânico e comunidades virtuais de prática. Para isso, foram acompanhadas e analisadas durante dois anos as interações da comunidade virtual de prática do Núcleo de Gestão Ambiental Integrada da reitoria do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense que se utilizou do e-mail e do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Moodle para desenvolver práticas no setor público Nesse contexto, a pesquisa sobre a realidade prática durante o período foi permeada pelo estudo teórico que identificou a postura do servidor público como intelectual orgânico, agente da mudança, aberto para a aprendizagem e inovador que se utiliza das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação atuando em comunidade virtuais de prática. Ao final, a pesquisa delimitou um quadro teórico para identificar, caracterizar e posteriormente auxiliar na organização, condução e análise de experiências com comunidades virtuais de prática como ambiente de inovação no serviço público visando o desenvolvimento da postura de intelectual orgânico. / The public service is undergoing a period of invention and changes in search of the New Public Management values-based approach to the demands of society, and encourage an open, transparent and innovative environment. Accordingly, the civil servant positions itself increasingly active and conscious of its role, willing to participate in an open challenge, other than imposed by a bureaucratic and dehumanized environment. In this context, this research was based on a case study that was used a participating observation permeated by a theoretical study of knowledge required to understand it and research it, involving the concepts of innovation in the public sector, organic intellectual and virtual communities of practice. For this, they were monitored and analyzed for two years the interactions of virtual community of practice of the Núcleo de Gestão Integrada of the rectory of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense which used e-mail and virtual learning environment Moodle for to develop practices in the public sector In this context, the research on the practical reality during the period was permeated by theoretical study that identified the attitude of civil servants as organic intellectual, change agent, open to learning and innovator who uses of Information and Communication Technologies when working in virtual communities of practice. At the end, the survey identified a theoretical framework for identifying, characterizing and subsequently assist in the organization, conduct and analysis of experiences with virtual communities of practice and innovation environment in the public service for the development of the organic intellectual’s posture.

Virtual communities of practice have been used to improve teachers' instructional practice; yet, many of these communities do not take into account the effect of teachers' personal learning and collegial collaboration beliefs on engagement within this model. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine if teaching was enhanced through participation in virtual communities of practice and determine if teachers' personal beliefs prior to entering these communities influenced their engagement. Wenger's social learning theory served as the conceptual framework. The research questions asked how teachers' beliefs on personal learning and their beliefs on collaboration influenced their engagement in virtual communities of practice and how personal learning networks facilitated extended technology-based learning in the classroom. Data were collected through 2 semi structured interviews with 9 teacher participants and analysis of digital records from the Classroom 2.0 and Flat Connections Nings. Manual, open-coding of the data revealed themes which explained the use of personalized learning networks for instructional growth and social networking for collaborative practice. Findings indicated that while teachers' previously held ideas were not significantly altered, the social, supportive environments created through virtual learning communities made a suitable setting for professional development. These findings may effect positive social change as virtual communities of practice for teachers evolve into professional development environments that challenge teacher beliefs, use progressive technologies, and engage teachers in collaborative activities.

The notions of community and identity are discussed and the various elements of each concept are analyzed in terms of their manifestation in physical and virtual spaces. A comparison of community and identity in physical and virtual spaces highlights the interdependent nature of these experiences in the intersection of these two spaces. Modern society functions through the use of technology that is ever increasing in speed and efficiency. We rely more and more on virtual technology as a tool to maintain relationships, perform various tasks, communicate and interact with others, and to manage our self-presentations. Thus, the fundamental experiences of community and identity must be studied in both online and offline contexts in order to determine how we can manipulate our use of technology for positive outcomes.

The notion of social capital (SC) is increasingly used as a framework for describing social issues in terrestrial communities. For more than a decade, researchers use the term to mean the set of trust, institutions, social norms, social networks, and organizations that shape the interactions of actors within a society and that are considered to be useful and assets for communities to prosper both economically and socially. Despite growing popularity of social capital especially, among researchers in the social sciences and the humanities, the concept remains ill-defined and its operation and benefits limited to terrestrial communities. In addition, proponents of social capital often use different approaches to analyze it and each approach has its own limitations. <p>This thesis examines social capital within the context of technology-mediated communities (also known as virtual communities) communities. It presents a computational model of social capital, which serves as a first step in the direction of understanding, formalizing, computing and discussing social capital in virtual communities. The thesis employs an eclectic set of approaches and procedures to explore, analyze, understand and model social capital in two types of virtual communities: virtual learning communities (VLCs) and distributed communities of practice (DCoP). <p>There is an intentional flow to the analysis and the combination of methods described in the thesis. The analysis includes understanding what constitutes social capital in the literature, identifying and isolating variables that are relevant to the context of virtual communities, conducting a series of studies to further empirically examine various components of social capital identified in three kinds of virtual communities and building a computational model. <p>A sensitivity analysis aimed at examining the statistical variability of the individual variables in the model and their effects on the overall level of social capital are conducted and a series of evidence-based scenarios are developed to test and update the model. The result of the model predictions are then used as input to construct a final empirical study aimed at verifying the model.<p>Key findings from the various studies in the thesis indicated that SC is a multi-layered, multivariate, multidimensional, imprecise and ill-defined construct that has emerged from a rather murky swamp of terminology but it is still useful for exploring and understanding social networking issues that can possibly influence our understanding of collaboration and learning in virtual communities. Further, the model predictions and sensitivity analysis suggested that variables such as trust, different forms of awareness, social protocols and the type of the virtual community are all important in discussion of SC in virtual communities but each variable has different level of sensitivity to social capital. <p>The major contributions of the thesis are the detailed exploration of social capital in virtual communities and the use of an integrated set of approaches in studying and modelling it. Further, the Bayesian Belief Network approach applied in the thesis can be extended to model other similar complex online social systems.