Das in dieser Arbeit beschriebene VR-PLM Integrationskonzept stellt einen Ansatz dar, um den Prozess des Design Reviews mittels VR-Technologie zu unterstützen und in ein PLM-Konzept zu integrieren. Das Design Review kann hierdurch als ein andauernder Prozess verstanden werden, der sich entsprechend der Konzepte des Systems Engineering und der Integrierten Produktentwicklung über den gesamten Produktlebenszyklus und alle Entwicklungsdomänen erstreckt.

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This study investigates how mindfulness influences feelingsof place illusion in Virtual Reality (VR) experiences, i.e. the feeling of being inside the mediated world that is displayed through the VR technology. To research the effects, a design called Mindsition was proposed that consist of two Virtual Environments (VEs) that transfers the user from the physicalworld to a task environment in VR and altering the user’s state of mind. In the first VE, a guided meditation exercise was introduced to bring the user to a more mindful state, changing how the mediated world was perceived. The user was then brought to the task environment to complete a task. The design was evaluated using a between-subjects experimental design in which half of the participants were exposed to the entire experience, while the other half only experienced the task environment. Results are inconclusive, but revealed tentative evidence that the Mindsition does increase feelings of place illusion, as participants felt more captivated by the environment and had a stronger overall feeling of ’being inside’ the VE. However, the results also show that Mindsition compromises reality judgement, i.e. how veritable the environment felt, as participants were more aware that the virtual world co-existed with the physical world. Overall, the study suggests that Mindfulness has the potential to make users more observant about various aspect of the VE and place less attention on the fact that the environment is perceived through a screen, making memories about the VR experience more vivid. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to place illusionas well as mindfulness, and directions are given for future research. / Denna studie undersöker hur mindfulness påverkar känslor av “Place Illusion” i Virtual Realityupplevelser, d.v.s. känslan av att vara inuti den förmedlade världen som visas genom VR-tekniken. För att undersöka effekterna föreslogs en design som kallades Mindsition som består av två virtuella miljöer. De virtuella miljöerna för över användaren från den fysiska världen till en arbetsmiljö i VR och ändrar användarens sinnesförfattning. I den första arbetsmiljön introducerades en guidad meditationsövning för att försätta användaren i ett mer medvetet tillstånd och därmed ändra hur den förmedlade världen uppfattades. Användaren placerades sedan i den andra arbetsmiljön för att slutföra en uppgift. Designen utvärderades med hjälp av utvärderingsmetoden ”between-subjects” i vilken hälften av deltagarna upplevde hela upplevelsen, medan den andra hälften endast upplevde arbetsmiljön. Resultaten är ofullständiga, men avslöjade preliminära bevis för att Mindsition ökar känslorna av Place Illusion, eftersom deltagarna kände sig mer fängslade av miljön och hade en starkare övergripande känsla av att ‘vara inne’ i arbetsmiljön. Dock visar resultaten också att Mindsition äventyrar bedömningen av verklighet, d.v.s. hur äkta miljön kändes, eftersom deltagarna var mer medvetna om att den virtuella världen samexisterade med den fysiska världen. På det hela taget föreslår studien att mindfulness har potential att göra användarna mer uppmärksamma på olika aspekter av VE och lägga mindre uppmärksamhet på faktumet att miljön uppfattas genom en skärm, som gör minnena av VR-upplevelsen mer levande. Innebörden av dessa fynd diskuteras i relation till ”Place Illusion” och mindfulness och anvisningar ges för framtida forskning.

As technology continues to rapidly develop, the realization of Virtual Reality (VR) stores is coming into view for various businesses and industries. As customers today are becoming more aware of their purchasing behaviour and the impact their products have on the environment, it puts pressure on the fashion industry to meet these requirements and needs by developing or adopting new technologies to their practices. In order to try to reduce the sustainability impact of the fashion industry the creation of VR fashion stores may play a role in reducing the need for physical stores, pre-production of clothes, and reducing transportation to reduce the environmental impact. The purpose of this study is to fill the knowledge gap regarding consumers' perceptions of using VR for personal fashion shopping, as well as to explore how consumers perceive the sustainability aspect of VR when considering it as a means to shop for fashion. A theoretical framework regarding this was developed based primarily on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted and then thematically analysed to develop codes and themes related to the research questions. The findings suggest that there is great acceptance of and interest in VR fashion shopping among participants. Participants expected it to become a reality in the future and to become an alternative way of shopping in society. Regarding the perception of the sustainability aspect that VR fashion shopping brings, the study participants noted that they embrace and approve it. However, cost and technological advancements and experiences are of primary importance to them. Future research should focus on conducting wider research regarding VR fashion shopping, as there was an apparent indication that it was accepted by all and something people would choose to use if the technology and opportunity were available.

Information Literacy (IL) has been implemented among workers in schools in recent years in order to enhance workers’ skills and competencies through the utilisation of technology in education. To implement a sustainable IL system, the building of an IT infrastructure is required including the provision of PCs and network access, enabling students to connect to the internet during class time in order to access educational web-based content as well as to share discussions about subjects with their peers in and out of the class. Assessing the level of information literacy (IL) of stakeholders will assist in creating a new proposed school management system (SMS) to be used among them in the future. This will encourage teachers to use blended learning approach for teaching their students. Therefore, it is important to examine the IL of stakeholders (principal, head of division, teacher) in Kuwait to increase their skills and competencies which will lead to greater innovation in future developments. This work aims at assessing information literacy level of stakeholders, their skills and competencies in utilising technology in a workplace environment, which will assist the researcher to create a new school system. In addition, this work presents a new proposed school management system (SMS) for stakeholders in the current educational system of high schools in Kuwait, therefore, applying the BL approach in order to achieve a high quality of students' learning outcomes.

NeuroGaze is a novel Virtual Reality (VR) interface that integrates electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye tracking technologies to enhance user interaction within virtual environments (VEs). Diverging from traditional VR input devices, NeuroGaze allows users to select objects in a VE through gaze direction and cognitive intent captured via EEG signals. The research assesses the performance of the NeuroGaze system against conventional input devices such as VR controllers and eye gaze combined with hand gestures. The experiment, conducted with 20 participants, evaluates task completion time, accuracy, cognitive load through the NASA-TLX surveys, and user preference through a post-evaluation survey. Results indicate that while NeuroGaze presents a learning curve, evidenced by longer average task durations, it potentially offers a more accurate selection method with lower cognitive load, as suggested by its lower error rate and significant differences in the physical demand and temporal NASA-TLX subscale scores. This study highlights the viability of incorporating biometric inputs for more accessible and less demanding VR interactions. Future work aims to explore a multimodal EEG-Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) input device, further develop machine learning models for EEG signal classification, and extend system capabilities to dynamic object selection, highlighting the progressive direction for the use of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) in virtual environments.

[ES] Las eventualidades laborales ocasionan pérdidas significativas en los ámbitos social y económico, con irreparables. La falta de conocimientos adecuados y la conciencia insuficiente acerca de los riesgos son factores clave vinculados a comportamientos inseguros y accidentes laborales.La señalización de seguridad desempeña un papel crucial como instrumento informativo, aunque en ocasiones no sea percibida durante un accidente. Los avances tecnológicos abren la posibilidad de mejorar significativamente este tema sin incurrir en costos económicos excesivos. Esta tesis investiga el uso de avances tecnológicos como herramienta para optimizar el comportamiento humano en situaciones de riesgo. Su propósito es fomentar la conducta adecuada en situaciones críticas mediante tecnologías digitales, proponiendo enfoques metodológicos innovadores para la formación. Las hipótesis iniciales son las siguientes: (1)El uso de herramientas tecnológicas como la realidad virtual inmersiva, variables de señalización de seguridad, juegos serios y la manipulación de emociones impacta positivamente, enriquece y mejora la formación en seguridad y prevención de riesgos laborales; (2) La inclusión de variables tecnológicas en la señalización de seguridad en entornos estresantes puede mejorar su eficacia y percepción; (3) El perfil y la experiencia del usuario pueden influir en su comportamiento en seguridad, y esta relación afecta a la percepción de las señales. Se proponen tres líneas de investigación principales: (1)Evaluar la señalización de seguridad, su naturaleza y sus cambios recientes; (2)Evaluar el perfil etnográfico y las características del usuario que pueden influir en su comportamiento, correlacionando emociones, experiencia, satisfacción y señalización para mejorar la prevención del riesgo; (3) Probar la usabilidad, experiencia emocional y motivación de los juegos serios inmersivo-virtuales y las variables de señalización, evaluando los resultados obtenidos. El desarrollo de la tesis consta de cuatro etapas: (1) Revisión de literatura; (2) Aplicación de la metodología de co-creación para el diseño del entorno de realidad virtual; (3) Estudio mixto con especialistas y(4) Estudio cuantitativo con usuarios. La revisión bibliográfica identificó la investigación previa en el tema, explorando la relación entre tecnologías digitales y educación, nuevas tecnologías y señales de seguridad, comportamiento humano en entornos estresantes y realidad virtual en relación con las emociones. Este análisis orientó la dirección del trabajo de la tesis. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo en un entorno virtual, evaluando el impacto de las tecnologías en diferentes perfiles de usuario. Se observó mayor atención en usuarios exploradores, resaltando la importancia de la interactividad para abordar los peligros de manera realista, aspecto valorado positivamente por los participantes. A partir de los experimentos, se concluye que las variables de señalización influyen en su percepción en el entorno, y la disposición adecuada genera mayor recuerdo. En cuanto al comportamiento, la señalización dinámica puede generar atención similar a la visualización del peligro. Respecto al recuerdo, la toma de decisiones recurrente es más eficaz que la ejecución de una tarea en respuesta a una señal de obligación, siendo valioso para la formación en prevención de riesgos y alineado con la metodología constructivista. La imagen muestra su relevancia en la comunicación, ya que la mayoría de los usuarios se enfocaron en el pictograma del cartel, considerando las limitaciones de tiempo. Entre las contribuciones principales, destaca el desarrollo de un entorno virtual inmersivo para mejorar el comportamiento del usuario en situaciones de riesgo y evaluar el impacto de elementos novedosos en la señalización. Se ha creado un protocolo para el diseño de señales de seguridad y para el diseño de entornos virtuales gamificados con fines formativos en prevención de riesgos laborales. / [CA] Aquesta tesi aborda l'aplicació dels avenços tecnològics com a eines per millorar el comportament humà davant situacions de risc. L'objectiu és fomentar la conducta adequada mitjançant l'ús de tecnologies digitals, introduint conceptes metodològics innovadors per a la formació. Les hipòtesis inicials són les següents: (1) La utilització d'eines tecnològiques com la realitat virtual immersiva, variables de senyalització, jocs seriosos i la manipulació d'emocions enriqueix i millora la formació en seguretat laboral; (2) La incorporació de variables tecnològiques en la senyalització de seguretat en entorns estressants pot augmentar la seva eficàcia i percepció; (3) El perfil i l'experiència de l'usuari poden influir en el seu comportament en matèria de seguretat, afectant, alhora, la percepció de les senyals. Es plantegen tres línies principals d'investigació: (1) Avaluar la senyalització de seguretat, la seva naturalesa i els seus canvis recents; (2) Avaluar el perfil etnogràfic i les característiques de l'usuari que poden influir en el seu comportament, establint correlacions entre emocions, experiència, satisfacció i senyalització per millorar la prevenció del risc; (3) Provar la usabilitat, l'experiència emocional i la motivació dels jocs seriosos immersius-virtuals i les variables de senyalització, avaluant els resultats obtinguts amb el seu ús. El desenvolupament de la tesi consta de quatre etapes principals: (1) Revisió sistemàtica de la literatura; (2) Aplicació de la metodologia de co-creació per al disseny de l'entorn de realitat virtual; (3) Estudi mixt amb especialistes i (4) Estudi quantitatiu amb usuaris. La revisió bibliogràfica va permetre explorar treballs previs relacionats amb l'àmbit de la tesi i identificar noves contribucions per orientar el treball. La co-creació, amb tècniques de "design jam", va conduir al desenvolupament d'un model de simulació d'accidents immersiu, que permet a l'usuari abordar diverses configuracions d'experiències amb càrrega cognitiva similar a la d'un accident sense causar-li perjudicis. La tercera fase, un estudi mixt amb professionals, va indicar que els avenços tecnològics poden millorar el comportament dels usuaris i proporcionar informació per a l'optimització de l'entorn en diferents escenaris i amb diferents perfils d'usuaris. Finalment, l'estudi quantitatiu va confirmar l'impacte positiu de les tecnologies aplicades, amb millor atenció en usuaris amb perfil explorador. En aquesta fase, es va ressaltar la importància de la interactivitat, destacant la capacitat de fer front als perills de manera similar a la realitat com un dels aspectes més ben valorats de l'experiència. Els experiments van concloure que les variables de la senyalització influeixen en la seva percepció, amb la disposició adequada que genera un major record. Pel que fa al comportament, la senyalització dinàmica pot induir un nivell d'atenció similar a la visualització del perill. Quant al record, es va observar que una acció de presa de decisions recurrents és més eficaç que l'execució d'una tasca en resposta a una senyal d'obligació. Aquest resultat és valuós per a la formació en prevenció de riscos i concorda amb la metodologia constructivista. La imatge, un cop més, va demostrar la seva rellevància en el procés de comunicació, ja que la majoria dels usuaris es van centrar exclusivament en els pictogrames del cartell, tenint en compte les limitacions de temps. Com a contribucions destacades, s'ha desenvolupat un entorn virtual immersiu vàlid per millorar el comportament de l'usuari en situacions de risc i avaluar els impactes d'elements innovadors / [EN] Accidents can result in significant social and economic losses, with severe and irreparable consequences. The primary causes of unsafe behaviors and, frequently, ensuing workplace accidents stem from a lack of adequate knowledge and low risk awareness.Safety signals serve as tools to communicate hazards when they cannot be eliminated. However, they are often not visualized at the time of an accident. Technological advancements are enabling various enhancements in the approach to these courses, without incurring excessively high economic costs. This thesis explores the use of technological advances as a tool to enhance human behavior in risky situations. It aims to promote correct behavior in critical conditions through the use of digital technologies for training, proposing an innovative methodological concept for effective training. The initial hypotheses are as follows: (1)The utilization of immersive virtual reality technology, safety signaling variables, serious games, and emotional manipulation positively impacts, enriches, and enhances Safety and Occupational training; (2)The incorporation of technological variables in safety signaling within stressful environments can improve their efficiency and perceptibility; (3) User's profile and experience can influence their behavior concerning safety, and this relationship, in turn, affects the perception of signals. Three main lines of research are proposed: (1) Evaluate security signage, its nature, and recent changes; (2)Evaluate the ethnographic profile and user characteristics that may influence behavior (user, technological, emotional, and cognitive profile). Determine the correlation between emotions, experience, satisfaction, and signaling to improve risk prevention; (3)Test the usability, emotional experience, and motivation of immersive virtual serious games and signaling variables. Evaluate the results obtained with their use. The thesis development occurred in four main stages: (1)Literature review;(2) Application of the co-creation methodology for the design of the Virtual Reality environment used in the experimental part; (3)Mixed study with specialists, and(4)Quantitative study with users. The literature review provided an in-depth understanding of previous works related to the thesis's scope, guiding the thesis work. Co-creation involved the use of design jam techniques. Consequently, an immersive accident simulation model was developed, enabling users to engage in various cognitive load experiences similar to those of an accident without causing harm. The third phase comprised a mixed study with professionals, indicating the potential for technological advances to improve user behavior and provide insights for model optimization in different scenarios and user profiles. In the final phase, a quantitative study verified the impact of applied technologies on different users, highlighting better attention in explorer gamer profiles. Interactivity's importance was evident, with action to solve dangers in VR recognized as the optimal experience. Furthermore, the experiments revealed that signage variables influence perception, and the most appropriate disposition generates better recall. In terms of behavior, dynamic signaling can induce a level of attention similar to hazard visualization. Regarding recall, the perception that recurrent decision-making is more effective than executing a task in compliance with mandatory signs was noted.The image once again demonstrated its high relevance in the communication process, as a significant portion of users focused solely on the pictograms on the poster, considering time constraints. Among the primary contributions, an immersive virtual environment has been developed to improve user behavior in risky situations and evaluate the impacts of signaling. Additionally, a protocol has been established for the design and implementation of safety signs and the creation of gamified virtual environments for training purposes. / Ferreira Cavalcanti, J. (2024). Un enfoque neuroeducativo en la integración de tecnologías de realidad virtual en el desarrollo de juegos serios: caso de estudio en el ámbito de la seguridad y prevención de riesgos laborales [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/202753

Med detta kandidatarbete så prövar samt undersöker vi möjligheterna till en “praxisgemenskap” inom Games for Change genom digitala spel med tekniken virtuell verklighet (VR). Genom prövningen i sig så testar sig denna undersökningen fram med en stark analysmetod från spelbranschen. Detta för att kunna definiera hur man kan skapa ett spel som får spelaren att tänka kring ett fåtal utvalda diskussionsämnen som baseras på i den digitala gestaltningen om vad som är GROW’em. Vår frågeställning är: “Hur kan man med hjälp av digitala spel inom VR förmedla diskussion samt tankar kring hortikultur?”, och vi har valt att gestalta detta genom att utveckla ett spel vid namn GROW’em. Nyfikenhet kring detta ämne väcktes inombords efter att vi undersökt närmare inom spelupplevelsen som GROW’em är baserad på. Men vad vi vet, efter att ha genomgått en lång sökhistorik, så finns det inte någon upplevelse som liknar den erfarenhet och område såsom hortikultur vilket vi vill komma åt. För att testa denna undersökning så gav vi diverse individer chansen att testspela igenom gestaltningens demo som varade mellan 10-15 minuter, dessa individer fick sedan besvara på ett frågeformulär kring deras spelupplevelse. Undersökningen resulterade i ett digitalt spel i samband med den fysiska hårdvaran av VR. Med resultat som ger till följd av nya synvinklar på en framtida planering av projektet. Dessa resultat gav även en indikation på hur rimlig vår undersökning är i mån av frågeställningen som vi ställer / With this bachelor thesis, we try and explore the possibilities of a "practice community" within Games for change through digital games with the technology of virtual reality (VR). Through the work itself, this study tests itself with a strong analysis method from the gaming industry. This is to be able to define how one can create a game that causes the player to think about a few selected discussion topics based on the digital design of what GROW’em is. Our question is: "How can one with the help of VR convey discussions and thoughts about horticulture?", which we have chosen to create this by developing a game called GROW’em. Curiosity about this subject was brought onto us after we examined in more detail within the gaming experience of what GROW'em is based on. But what we know, after having gone through a long search history, is that there’s no immersion that resembles the experience and areas as a horticultural culture that we want to access. To test this study, we gave different individuals the chance to try a demo that lasted between 10-15 minutes. These individuals then had to answer a questionnaire about their experience. The investigation resulted in a digital game in conjunction with the physical hardware of VR. With results that puts things in a new perspective on a future planning of the project. These answers also provided an indication of how reasonable our inquiry is, to the extent of the framing of a question that we ask.

The recent development of virtual reality (VR) technology carries powerful potential that can be utilised to facilitate the learning of 3D geometry. Therefore, a new approach for teaching and learning of 3D geometry that utilises a virtual reality learning environment (VRLE) is proposed in this research study. This research study aimed to: (a) design and evaluate a VRLE to facilitate the learning of 3D geometry concepts and processes by upper primary school students, and (b) generate theoretical and design principles that will have application both within and beyond the immediate research study. The research methodology employed was design experiments or design-based research. Informed by this methodology, the research design consisted of iterative cycles of developing/revising a conceptual framework, designing/prototyping a VRLE, enacting/evaluating the VRLE, and reflecting/redesigning the research. An initial conceptual framework was generated through extensive literature review to inform the design and evaluation of a VRLE. Based on the conceptual framework, a prototype VRLE named VRMath was then designed and implemented. The enactment and evaluation of VRMath consisted of two iterations. Iteration 1 (six hours/sessions with two students of Year 5 and 6) was conducted using the prototype VRMath (Yeh & Nason, 2004). Based on the findings from Iteration 1, nine learning activities were developed and research protocols (e.g., observation and interview) were revised for Iteration 2. Iteration 2 involved six primary school students (Year 4-5) for eight weeks (two hours/sessions per week). Findings from Iteration 2 confirmed and identified some usability issues of VRMath system and many new ways of thinking and doing 3D geometry when students interacted with VRMath. These have implications on the design of VRMath and the teaching and learning of 3D geometry within the VRMath environment. Justifications about the conceptual framework and students' learning within VRMath were made after the two iterations of enactment and evaluation. The learning activities and VRMath were also revised and redesigned for the preparation of future iterations. After a full cycle of the design-experiments, this research study concluded with a proto-theory (semiotic framework) for the design of and learning within VRLEs, and visions for using VRLEs in mathematic and technology education.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) blend methods and concepts researched by cognitive neuroscience, electrophysiology, computer science and engineering, resulting in systems of bi-directional information exchange directly between brain and computer. BCIs contribute to medical applications that restore communication and mobility for disabled patients and provide new forms of sending information to devices for enhancement and entertainment. Virtual reality (VR) introduces humans into a computer-generated world, tackling immersion and involvement. VR technology extends the classical multimedia experience, as the user is able to move within the environment, interact with other virtual participants, and manipulate objects, in order to generate the feeling of presence. This essay presents the possibilities of merging BCI with VR and the challenges to be tackled in the future. Current attempts to combine BCI and VR technology have shown that VR is a useful tool to test the functioning of BCIs, with safe, controlled and realistic experiments; there are better outcomes for VR and BCI combinations used for medical purposes compared to solely BCI training; and, enhancement systems for healthy users seem promising with VR-BCIs designed for home users. Future trends include brain-to-brain communication, sharing of several users’ brain signals within the virtual environment, and better and more efficient interfaces.