Les effets dominos ou cascade d’événements dans les industries et particulièrement dans les industries chimiques et de transformation, sont reconnus comme des scénarios d’accidents possibles depuis environ trois décennies. Ils représentent une préoccupation croissante, car ils ont le potentiel de provoquer des conséquences dévastatrices. L’effet domino, comme phénomène, est un sujet controversé lorsque son évaluation est nécessaire. L’examen de la bibliographie a démontré l’absence d’une définition commune et d’une procédure simple d’utilisation et précise pour son appréciation. C’est pourquoi l’un des objectifs de cette recherche est de formaliser les connaissances relatives aux effets dominos afin de comprendre les mécanismes de leurs occurrences. Pour ce faire nous avons étudié les paramètres à examiner pour déterminer la possibilité de cascade et être en mesure d’identifier les scénarios dominos. L’enjeu étant de permettre l’amélioration de la prévention du risque d’effet domino. L’autre objectif est donc de produire une méthode pour l’identification et l’analyse des effets dominos. Nous avons développé une méthodologie globale pour l’étude des effets dominos en chaîne initiés par des pertes de confinement. Elle permet l’identification et la hiérarchisation des chemins de propagation des accidents. Cette méthode facilite la prise de décision pour la prévention des effets dominos, tout en proposant un outil efficace et simple d’utilisation. Les résultats de l’étude sont fournis sous forme d’une hiérarchisation quantitative des équipements impliqués dans les scénarios dominos, en tenant compte des effets des conditions météorologiques et des mesures de maîtrise des risques existantes ou proposées.Cette hiérarchisation donne une idée claire des dangers que représentent les équipements par rapport aux accidents en cascade, en précisant si la dangerosité de l’équipement provient de sa capacité à initier ou à propager un effet de cascade.La méthode est basée sur une description topographique de la zone étudiée, incluant les caractéristiques de chaque équipement, et prend en compte les mesures de maîtrise des risques mises en œuvre par l’industriel. Elle repose sur deux phases principales : La première, est l’identification des chemins de propagation des accidents. Pour ce faire, la méthode d’analyse par arbre d’événements est utilisée. Les cibles potentielles sont déterminées en combinant les valeurs seuils d’escalade et les modèles de vulnérabilité (pour l’estimation de la probabilité d’endommagement). Cette première phase est implémentée sous MATLAB® et Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) afin de faciliter l’entrée des données, et l’analyse des résultats dans Microsoft Excel®. La deuxième phase est l’identification des équipements les plus dangereux vis-à-vis des effets dominos. Elle consiste à hiérarchiser les équipements impliqués dans les chemins de propagation, en fonction de leur vraisemblance à causer ou à propager un effet domino. L’algorithme qui effectue cette phase est codé sous VBA. La méthode a été conçue de façon à ce qu’elle puisse être utilisée sans qu’il soit nécessaire de s’appuyer sur les résultats des études de dangers. Néanmoins, si ces résultats sont disponibles, il est alors possible d’alléger certaines étapes de la méthode. Elle s’est révélée facile à utiliser, cela a été constaté lors de son application dans le cadre de projets et stages d’étudiants. / Domino effects or cascading events in the chemical and process industries are recognized as credible accident scenarios since three decades. They are raising a growing concern, as they have the potential to cause catastrophic consequences. Domino effect, as phenomenon, is still a controversial topic when coming to its assessment. There is still a poor agreement on the definition of domino effect and its assessment procedures. A number of different definitions and approaches are proposed in technical standards and in the scientific literature. Therefore, one of this research objectives is to formalize domino effects knowledges in order to comprehend their occurrence mechanisms. Thus, the parameters that should be looked at so as to understand the escalation possibility and in order to identify domino scenarios, were analyzed. The aim is to improve domino effect hazards prevention, through the development of a methodology for the identification and the analysis of domino effects.We developed a method for the analysis of domino accident chain caused by loss of containments. It allow the identification and prioritization of accident propagation paths. The method is user-friendly and help decision making regarding the prevention of cascading events. The final outcomes of the model are given in form of quantitative rankings of equipment involved in domino scenarios, taking into account the effect of meteorological conditions and safety barriers. The rankings give a clear idea of equipment hazard for initiating or continuing cascading events.The methodology is based on a topography of the industrial area of concern, including the characteristics of each unit and accounting for protection and mitigation barriers. It is based on two main stages. The first is the identification of accident propagation paths. For this, the event tree method is used. The possible targets are identified combining the escalation thresholds and vulnerability models (to estimate damage probability). This first stage was implemented using the MATLAB® software and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to enable an easy input procedure and output analysis in Microsoft Excel®.The second stage is the identification of the most dangerous equipment. It consists in prioritizing equipment involved in the propagation paths according to their likelihood to cause/propagate domino effect. The algorithm that performs this phase was coded in VBA.The method was designed so as it can be used without the need to rely on the results of safety reports. However, if such results are available, it is possible to lighten some steps of the method. It revealed easy to apply, this was confirmed through projects and student internships. / Gli effetti domino, in cui un primo incidente causa in cascata altri scenari incidentali, sono tragli scenari incidentali più severi che avvengono nell’industria chimica. Nonostante l’attenzioneche anche la normativa dedica a tali scenari, la valutazione dell’effetto domino è un soggettocontroverso. L’analisi della letteratura tecnica e scientifica ha mostrato l’assenza di unadefinizione comune di « effetto domino » e di una semplice procedura per l’identificazione ditali scenari. È per tale motivo che uno degli obiettivi di questo lavoro di ricerca è diformalizzare le conoscenze relative agli effetti domino al fine di meglio comprendere imeccanismi che possono provocarli. A tal proposito sono stati studiati i parametri necessariper determinare la possibilità dell’insorgere di cascate di eventi e per essere in grado diidentificare i possibili scenari incidentali dovuti ad effetto domino. L’obiettivo finale del lavoroè stato di sviluppare un metodo per l’identificazione e l’analisi quantitativa della propagazionedi incidenti primari nell’ambito di scenari dovuti ad effetto domino.E’ stata sviluppata una metodologia generale per l’analisi degli effetti domino causati daperdite di confinamento. Tale metodologia permette l’identificazione e la classificazione deipercorsi di propagazione degli incidenti. Tale metodo facilita inoltre la prevenzione deglieffetti domino, proponendo uno strumento efficace e semplice da utilizzare.I risultati di questo studio sono forniti in forma di una classificazione delle apparecchiaturecoinvolte in scenari dovuti ad effetto domino, tenendo conto degli effetti delle condizionimeteorologiche e delle misure esistenti per la gestione del rischio. Tale classificazione fornisceanche un chiara idea dei pericoli rappresentati dalle singole apparecchiature nel caso diincidenti in cascata, in quanto precisando se la pericolosità delle attrezzature proviene dallaloro capacità di innescare o propagare un reazione a catena.Il metodo è basato su una descrizione topografica del sito studiato, che comprende anche lecaratteristiche di ogni attrezzatura, che tiene conto delle misure di gestione dei rischi e dellebarriere di sicurezza presenti, basato su due fasi principali. La prima è l’identificazione deipercorsi di propagazione degli incidenti. A tale scopo è stato utilizzato un metodo basatoVIsull’albero degli eventi. I potenziali bersagli vengono determinati combinando i valori di sogliaper la propagazione degli eventi ed i modelli di vulnerabilità delle apparecchiature. Questaprima fase è implementata in MATLAB® e Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) in modo dafacilitare la gestione dei dati e l’analisi dei risultati in Microsoft Excel®.La seconda fase è l’identificazione delle apparecchiature più pericolose per gli effetti domino.Tale fase consiste nel classificare le apparecchiature coinvolte nei percorsi di propagazione infunzione della loro capacità di causare o propagare un effetto domino. L’algoritmo dedicato inquesta fase è eseguito su VBA.I risultati ottenuti anche nell’applicazione ad un caso di studio hanno evidenziato le potenzialitàdel metodo, che rappresenta un significativo progresso nell’analisi quantitativa dell’effetto domino.

This diploma thesis disserts mainly on the software application development created through language Visual Basic for Application, which serves to creation of macros and automation of work in Microsoft Excel. The Application is made specially for company PENTACO, spol. s.r.o. The software allows to calculate complete financial analysis of company for last 8 years. Statistical methods are used for prediction of future indicators. The financial analysis will reveal the weaknesses and strengths of the company and on their basis will be suggested solutions for fixing of problems and company situation.

The diploma thesis is focused on the creation of a program enabling calculation of selected economic indicators of Arbela s.r.o. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The content of the theoretical part is a description of individual methods and procedures of financial analysis, description of principles of time series, and regression analysis. In the practical part, the program created to calculate the selected economic indicators of the company Arbela s.r.o. is presented. These indicators are subsequently evaluated and foreseeable development of the company is determined for the future. At the end of the thesis, solutions for possible improvement of the economic situation of the company can be found.

This thesis deals with technical analysis, which is used to predict future development of stocks. The first part describes the theoretical background needed for the next section. This is followed by analysis of the current state, which assesses the current situation. The main part is devoted to the creation of a program to support technical analysis for the novice investor and the demonstration of its use in trading.

This master’s thesis deals with the design and realization of support software tool for production capacity planning in selected company. Functionality of the application will be designed according to theoretical findings (from the area of process management and business informatics) and analysis of business processes and user requirements. Final support tool should facilitate all management decisions regarding long-term planning of production and will be implemented in Microsoft Excel and Visual Basic for Applications.

Clean and safe water is important for the well being of all organisms on earth. Therefore, it is important to reduce harmful emissions from industrial processes that use water in different ways. In vehicle washing processes, water is used in high-pressure processes, as a medium for detergents, and for rinsing of vehicles. The wastewater produced by these functions passes through a water reclamation system. A water reclamation system has two main functions, to produce reusable water to be used in future washing cycles, and to separate contaminants and purify the wastewater so it can be released back into the commercial grid. The reclamation system achieves this by using a combination of different water handling processes, these include: sludge tanks, an oil-water separator, a water reclamation unit, buffer tanks, and a water purification unit. The two components that stand for the more advanced cleaning processes are the water reclamation unit and the water purification unit. In this thesis, in collaboration with the company Westmatic, the water reclamation unit consists of cyclone separators that use centrifugal forces to separate heavy particles and ozone treatment to break up organic substances and combat bad odors. The Purification unit of choice is an electrocoagulation unit that, by a direct current, creates flocculants of impurities that rises to the surface and can be mechanically removed in a water volume inside the unit. This purification process is completely chemical-free thus making the process more environmentally friendly than other purification processes used in other circumstances. This master thesis aimed to develop a dynamic design tool for a modular solution of the different parts in the water reclamation system. This design tool uses specific user input to produce construction information for each instance. As an additional sub-aim, this design tool was linked with a computer-aided design program to produce parametric 3D models with underlying blueprints. This to produce a light solution, that has a short manufacturing time and that are highly customer adjusted. The first course of action was to mathematically define the complete water reclamation system and its components. These sections were described in a flowchart that shows how the different parts interact and operate. From the wash station, wastewater runs trough a course- and fine-sludge tank. From the fine sludge tank, the wastewater is directed in two different directions. Firstly, the water is pumped to the water reclamation unit and to one or multiple buffer tanks to finally be used in the wash station as reclaimed water. Secondly, the water travels to an oil separator, pump chamber, and water purification unit. In the purification unit, 99% of the inlet mass is directed out of the system as purified water. The remaining 1% is directed to a depot that acts like the end stage of the whole system. After all equations were defined and the design was related to the user-defined input flow the design tool was structured. The program of choice to house the design tool is Microsoft Excel. In this Excel document, a user interface with navigation was constructed and the intended user is directed through a series of input pages where input data is defined. This data is used in a normally hidden page where constructional dimensions are calculated. The constructional dimensions are displayed to the user on the second last page. At this stage the Excel document can be connected to a CAD program and 3D models with blueprints can be opened that depend on the output from the Excel file. Additionally, a pipe calculator is provided on the last page of the Excel document where pipe dimensions for different cases can be found. With this solution, glass fiber tanks are molded according to the resulting blueprints that are customer specific. In this way the solution is more adaptive and easier to handle. Additionally, the provided design tool enables an easier and more well-defined methodology when deriving the different needed volume and accompanied constructional dimensions for an arbitrary water reclamation system.

Dokumentation i form av tekniska ritningar och kretsscheman av olika slag är en viktig del av de flesta projekt. Många företag använder sig av olika CAD-program så som AutoCAD för att ta fram och bearbeta ritningar och kretsscheman. Ritningar brukar byggas upp av blockelement som innehåller attribut. Attribut är yttre beskrivande information av blocket, exempelvis fotnoter eller annan text av något slag. Det är inte ovanligt att en installation omfattar flera hundra tekniska ritningar, vilket medför att arbete med attribut kan vara mycket tidskrävande. Användaren måste gå in i varje ritning markera önskade attribut och utföra ändringar.  Företaget AFRY har uttryckt behovet av att automatisera en del av denna process till vilket detta examensarbete förfogas. Genom att författa script i programmet AutoLISP extraheras önskade blockinformationen ur varje ritning och sparas till en textfil i formatet tsv. Med hjälp av Microsofts Visual Basic for Applications utvecklas ett användarvänligt gränssnitt i Microsoft Excel.  Programmet avses för att importera stora mängder tsv filer innehållande data för redigering. Data kan redigeras på ett tidseffektivt sätt för att senare exporteras tillbaka till sitt ursprungliga textfilsformat. När färdigredigerade textfiler lämnar Excel återstår återinförande av integrerad blockinformation till ritningarna. Detta möjliggörs av ett annat program i AutoLISP som baseras på AutoCADs egna ATTIN funktion.  Efter utfört projekt kan det konstateras att verktyget som utvecklades automatiserar en del av redigeringsarbetet med tekniska ritningar. Detta i sin tur kan medföra tidseffektivisering, minskad risk för mänskliga fel och beroendet av tredjeparts mjukvaror vid processen. Givetvis finns det utrymme för vidare utveckling av verktyget i framtiden, förslagsvis utökad funktionalitet hos gränssnittet i Excel och en robust metod för batchning i AutoCAD. / On everyday basis engineering companies work with technical drawings and diagrams. To create and work with these drawings it is common to use software such as AutoCAD. Drawings in AutoCAD are built up with blocks, these blocks can often contain external information stored as attributes. A project can contain up to several hundred drawings. In that case the process of searching for blocks to change specific attributes can be very time consuming and increase risk of human error. The engineering company AFRY has expressed an interest in partial automation of this process. Following thesis aims to present a possible solution. By writing scripts in AutoLISP, desired block information can be extracted to tsv text files. These text files can be imported to a user-friendly interface in Microsoft Excel. The interface is developed in Microsoft's Visual Basic for Applications. Data imported in the interface can be filtered so that the editing can be done in a time efficient manner. After finished editing the data is once again organized into tsv text files for a further integration to the CAD drawings. That is made possible by a AutoLISP script based on the ATTIN function. The thesis aims to discuss how this presented method would lead to a partial automation in the editing of AutoCAD drawings. A process that could possibly reduce risk of error, increase time efficiency as well as decrease dependency of third-party software. The discussion also presents some thoughts for further development of the program where, increased amount functions in Excel and a possible method for batching in AutoCAD could be added in the future.

This thesis focuses on the support of software applications development using mathematical and statistical methods. One of the topics related to this issue is inventory management. The thesis deals with inventory management in the pizzeria, which I have thoroughly analyzed and based on the data and methods needed to design a software application to simplify and accelerate the supply of raw materials.

The master's thesis focuses on supporting the development of applications using mathematical and statistical methods. This is used in the thesis to effective management of inventory for the store and e-shop. For this purpose, an application in VBA programming language has been developed to help the company to keep track of the inventory and find the optimum insurance stock level for ordering new goods.

This graduation thesis deals with evaluation of power and coolant flow in reactor core. The first part is a description of nuclear power plant VVER 440. It is focused on parts important for transfer and utilize energy in regular operating of generating block. In the second part, the equations for calculation of power and coolant flow in reactor core are deduced. The last part is about designing the program for calculation of published values. There are specified requirements for the program and on the basis of this the source code is written. The parts of code are described. In conclusion of this part, the user's manual is work out. The program is on CD in the annexe.