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No. of bitstreams: 1 baptista_am_me_bauru.pdf: 1764823 bytes, checksum: 65213e676e8c7c8e27312e71e2fa5ecd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O futsal é um esporte de alta intensidade e intermitente que tem como principal ação na tentativa de fazer gol o chute, porém não se sabe como ocorre a interação entre o goleiro e o batedor. Portanto, entender o mecanismo de percepção-ação sob efeito da fadiga durante o chute utilizando a estratégia de goleiro-dependente é de grande relevância para o esporte. Assim os objetivos do estudo são: a) verificar a influência de diferentes momentos de inserção da dica visual durante a corrida de aproximação no comportamento motor e do olhar no desempenho do chute com a bola parada no futsal; b) investigar o efeito da fadiga no comportamento do olhar e na precisão durante o chute com a bola parada no futsal de acordo com a manipulação da dica visual. Do estudo 1, participaram 17 atletas amadores que realizaram 18 chutes com bola parada em 3 condições (dica visual a 1,6 e 0,8 metros da corrida de aproximação pra bola e sem dica visual). Para verificar os parâmetros motores, visuais e desempenho foram utilizados sistemas de câmeras infravermelho (OptiTrack 17W) e de rastreamento do olho (EyeTracking Mobile System). As condições foram comparadas por meio de ANOVA one way e análise de magnitude de efeito. Houve somente diminuição na velocidade do último passo na condição de dica visual a 0,8 metros comparado com a 1,6 metros (p = 0,042). A análise de magnitude de efeito revelou pequenos possíveis aumento na atenção e diminuição na velocidade do movimento na condição sem dica visual e dica visual a 0,8 metros comparado a dica visual a 1,6 metros. Conclui-se que a manipulação da dica visual em diferentes momentos da corrida de aproximação não altera os parâmetros visuais, motores e de desempenho durante o chute com bola parada no futsal. Do estudo 2, participaram outros 10 atletas amadores que realizaram os chutes nas condições do Estudo 1, pré e pós protocolos de indução a fadiga (Hoff adaptado para o Futsal incremental e Repeated-sprints ability), porém com diminuição no número de tentativas em cada condição para diminuir as chances de recuperação do estado de fadiga. As mesmas variáveis dependentes e equipamentos do estudo 1 foram utilizadas. As condições (dica visual) e momentos (fadiga) foram comparados por meio da ANOVA two way. Não houve efeito para condição, porém a fadiga altera o comportamento do olhar somente nos momentos próximos ao chute, em específico para o olhar na bola (F2,18 = 4,229; p = 0,031) e outra (F2,18 = 6,556; p = 0,007). Conclui-se que a fadiga causa aumento na dependência visual na bola e outras. / The Futsal is a high-intensity and intermittent sport that has as main action in the attempt to make goal kick, but it isn’t known how the interaction between the goalkeeper ante the bater occurs. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of perception-action under the effect of fatigue during the kick using the goalkeeper-dependent strategy is of great relevance for the sport. Thus the aims of the study are: a) To verify the influence of different moments of insertion of the visual tip during the approach run in the motor behavior and visual control in the performance of the kick with stationary ball in futsal; b) To investigate the effect of fatigue in the visual behavior and the precision during the kick with stationary ball in futsal according to the manipulation of the visual tip. From Study 1, 17 amateur athletes participated in 18 kicks stationary ball in 3 conditions (visual tip at 1.6 a 0.8 meters from the approach run to the ball and without visual tip). To verify the motor, visual and performance parameters were used infrared camera systems (OptiTrack 17W) and eye tracking (EyeTracking Mobile System). The conditions was compared using ANOVA one way and effect magnitude analysis. There was only a decrease in velocity of the last step in the visual tip condition at 0.8 meters compared to 1.6 meters (p = 0.042). The analysis of magnitude of effect revealed small possible increase in attention and decrease in movement speed in the condition without visual tip and visual tip at 0.8 meters compared to visual tip at 1.6 meters. It’s concluded that the manipulation of the visual tip at different moments of the approach run does not alter the visual, motor and performance parameters during the kick with stationary ball in futsal. From Study 2, another 10 amateur athletes participated in the kicks under the conditions of Study 1, pre and post fatigue induction protocols (Hoff adapted to the Futsal incremental and Repeated-sprints ability), but with a decrease in the number of attempts in each condition to decrease the chances of recovering the fatigue state. The same dependent variables and equipment of Study 1 were used. The conditions (visual tip) and moments (fatigue) were compared through two way ANOVA. There wasn’t effect for condition, but fatigue altered the behavior of the eye only at the moments close to the kick, specific for the look on the ball (F2,18 = 4,229; p = 0,031) and another (F2,18 = 6,556; p = 0.007). It’s concluded that fatigue causes an increase in visual dependence on the ball and others. / CNPq: 134413/2015-6

Title: Postural stability of near-sighted people Objectives: To analyse relationships between selected parameters of postural stability and impaired visual acuity (myopia), which is revised by optimal visual correction, by diffusing glasses or by contact lenses. Methods: Investigations of stabilizing capabilities of erected posture in its various modifications. An objective measuring was performed by stabilometric platform type Footscan. The experiment involved twelve people with myopia of -3 to -6D visual acuity of an average age of 23 ± 4 years. Myopat group of bipedal standing position were tested with open eyes with vision correction, afterwards with eyes closed, then without any vision correction. The last measured positions were performed on one lower limb with visual correction and then without it. Total number of measured positions were ten upright positions, each of which was measured with 30 second interval. Results: A total travelled way of centre of pressure was determined as a parameter of postural stability evaluating. Positions on one lower limb clearly put the highest demands for stabilizing upright positions. The only aggravation of conditions stabilizing this position should be to eliminate vision correction, which was confirmed in 8 probands from a total of 12. Under a bipedal...

Currently, there is a monthly breach with its vehicle delivery policy. This policy refers to said company, it refers to a minimum of 92% of units towards the points of sale. However, in the last quarter of 2017 and the semester of 2018, it has only been met from 82% to 90%. These are 5% -10% that have not come to meet in each month, but also directly to the profitability of the company. On the one hand, storage costs are increased by each car that does not arrive or dissatisfaction is generated by the customer, this is the problem of 3 main causes, which is the installation time of radios, installation of alarms and more vehicles that are not served in the damage assessment area. As a root cause, we have the first, since, on the one hand, a bottleneck is generated by the lack of car attention and, on the other hand, represents 20% of the monthly sales of the case study, For what needs to be done to reduce this bottleneck and increase the capacity of the vehicles in this area, the damage is detailed, two lines of evaluation are carried out. This type of triage, we ensure a standardized work, since there was a group of vehicles waiting with different types of damage in the same operating line. Also, the delivery of vehicles on time is improved to 95% and the times of the areas of installation of radios, installation of alarms and damage assessment are reduced by 42.85%, 51.42% and 50% respectively.

Deleuze’s short essay on the societies of control has, one could say, infected thought on the present. Few serious reflections on today’s media society seem immune against the plausibility and evidence of Deleuze’s deliberations, not least because they use the force of abstraction to draw theoretical concepts from empirical facts, allowing for an anticipation of future developments without getting lost in details. Deleuze argues that a society whose media and technologies provide an apparatus of seamless connectivity and global scope has irreversible effects on the way we perceive, think, and create order. At the same time, the naturalization of these effects progresses via retroaction – making us forget it has ever been different. With his text, Deleuze stands in the midst of this naturalization and neutralization process: This may be why it is inevitably a “postscript” to the societies of control – it takes the artificial position of the “post” in order to be able to look at one’s own contemporary culture from an alienating distance, as Foucault once demanded for every description of the present (1999: 91). This “post,” then, by no means signals a retrospective look at a process already completed; instead, Deleuze gives an exaggerated account of the early digitization age from an artificial retrospective standpoint, which, ironically, will also have been one “after” writing.

Vision-based object stabilisation is an exciting and challenging area of research, and is one that promises great technical advancements in the field of computer vision. As humans, we are capable of a tremendous array of skilful interactions, particularly when balancing unstable objects that have complex, non-linear dynamics. These complex dynamics impose a difficult control problem, since the object must be stabilised through collaboration between applied forces and vision-based feedback. To coordinate our actions and facilitate delivery of precise amounts of muscle torque, we primarily use our eyes to provide feedback in a closed-loop control scheme. This ability to control an inherently unstable object by vision-only feedback demonstrates an exceptionally high degree of voluntary motor skill. Despite the pervasiveness of vision-based stabilisation in humans and animals, relatively little is known about the neural strategies used to achieve this task. In the last few decades, with advancements in technology, we have tried to impart the skill of vision-based object stabilisation to machines, with varying degrees of success. Within the context of this research, we continue this pursuit by employing the classic Cart Inverted Pendulum; an inherently unstable, non-linear system to investigate dynamic object balancing by vision-only feedback. The Inverted Pendulum is considered to be one of the most fundamental benchmark systems in control theory; as a platform, it provides us with a strong, well established test bed for this research. We seek to discover what strategies are used to stabilise the Cart Inverted Pendulum, and to determine if these strategies can be deployed in Real-Time, using cost-effective solutions. The thesis confronts, and overcomes the problems imposed by low-bandwidth USB cameras; such as poor colour-balance, image noise and low frame rates etc., to successfully achieve vision-based stabilisation. The thesis presents a comprehensive vision-based control system that is capable of balancing an inverted pendulum with a resting oscillation of approximately ±1º. We employ a novel, segment-based location and tracking algorithm, which was found to have excellent noise immunity and enhanced robustness. We successfully demonstrate the resilience of the tracking and pose estimation algorithm against visual disturbances in Real-Time, and with minimal recovery delay. The algorithm was evaluated against peer reviewed research; in terms of processing time, amplitude of oscillation, measurement accuracy and resting oscillation. For each key performance indicator, our system was found to be superior in many cases to that found in the literature. The thesis also delivers a complete test software environment, where vision-based algorithms can be evaluated. This environment includes a flexible tracking model generator to allow customisation of visual markers used by the system. We conclude by successfully performing off-line optimization of our method by means of Artificial Neural Networks, to achieve a significant improvement in angle measurement accuracy. / Goodrich Engine Control Systems and Balfour Beatty Rail Technologies

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Det finns många tidigare studier om hur kommunikation sker mellan strategisk och taktisk nivå samt problematiken med kommunikationen. Många studier visar att informationsspridning påverkar om en organisations mål kan uppnås och att acceptans och förståelse för informationen är viktigt för att det ska vara möjligt, däremot kan det skilja sig i olika typer av arbetsgrupper. Denna studie riktar istället in sig på medarbetare på den operativa nivån och hur produktionsmål kommuniceras till dem genom daglig visuell styrning. Studien syftar till att (1) skapa insikt om hur kommunikation av produktionsmål kan ske mellan ledare och medarbetare på operativ nivå i en organisation inom gruvindustrin, (2) identifiera och förklara förekommande likheter och skillnader avseende kommunikation av produktionsmål mellan olika organisatoriska enheter inom en sådan organisation, (3) analysera förhållandet mellan kommunikation av produktionsmål och acceptans samt förståelse för de kommunicerade målen hos organisationens operativa medarbetare, samt att (4) skapa förståelse för hur avvikelser från produktionsmål påverkar organisationens dagliga visuella styrning.  Studien är en förklarande fallstudie med två analysenheter med induktiva och deduktiva inslag och genomfördes med semistrukturerade intervjuer, observationer och analys av dokument. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är Shannon och Weavers kommunikationsteori. I studiens resultat identifieras fyra teman; processen, kommunikation, dagliga mål samt förändringar i daglig styrning, som visar att det finns likheter och skillnader i grupperna som studerades. Resultatet visar att det finns skillnader i hur kommunikation av produktionsmål sker mellan ledare och medarbetare på operativ nivå och att likheter med Shannon och Weavers kommunikationsmodell återfinns i delar av processen. Resultatet visar att kommunikation av produktionsmål genom daglig visuell styrning oftast leder till acceptans och förståelse, men att det finns skillnader inom olika grupper på operativ nivå. Resultatet ligger till grund för en utvecklad analysmodell som beskriver ytterligare faktorer som kan påverka förståelsen och acceptansen för målen. Analysmodellen leder fram till studiens slutsats som visar att kommunikation av produktionsmål genom daglig visuell styrning påverkar acceptansen och förståelsen för målen. Studien leder fram till att grupper har olika behov av information vid kommunikation av produktionsmål. Studien leder även fram till att informationsbrist är en av faktorerna som påverkar acceptansen och förståelsen. Studien visar att anpassning av produktionsmålen sker vid avvikelser och att det påverkar organisationens dagliga visuella styrning. / There are several previous studies that show that the flow of communication between strategic and tactical levels within an organization, as well as the problems with communication. Many studies show that the dissemination of information and the importance of acceptance and understanding of information impacts if the goals of organization's can be achieved. However, it can differ among various units within an organization. This study focuses on how the communication of production targets take place through daily visual control of the operational level. The study aims to (1) create insight into how communication of production targets can occur between managers and employees at the operational level within an organization in the mining industry, (2) identify and explain existing similarities and differences regarding the communication of production targets between different organizational units within such an organization, (3) analyse the relationship between communication of production targets and acceptance as well as understanding for the communicated targets among the employees at the operational level in the organization, and (4) create understanding of how deviations from production targets affect the organization’s daily visual control.  The study is an explanatory case study with two embedded cases with inductive and deductive elements and was conducted through semi-structured interviews, observations and document analysis. The theoretical point of the study is Shannon and Weaver’s communication theory. The result presents four themes; the process, communication, daily targets and daily control changes, which shows that there are similarities and differences between the studied units. The result shows that there are differences in how communication of production targets occurs between managers and employees at the operational level, and that similarities with Shannon and Weaver’s communication theory can be found in the process. The result shows that communication of production targets through daily visual control usually leads to acceptance and understanding, but that there are differences within different units at the operational level. An improved analysis model is based on the result and describes additional factors that can influence the understanding and acceptance of the goals.  The analysis model leads to the study’s conclusion which is that communication of production targets through daily visual control affects the acceptance and understanding of the targets. The study shows that units have different needs of information about the communicated production targets. The study also shows that a lack of information is one of the other factors that affects the acceptance and understanding of the goals. The study shows that adaptation of the production targets happens in the event of deviations and that it affects the organization’s daily visual control.

Digitaliseringen har en alltmer framträdande roll i vårt dagliga liv, och en sektor som starkt påverkas av denna utveckling är tillverkningsindustrin. Inom tillverkningsföretag strävas det ständigt efter att förbättra processerna och minska onödigt slöseri. En viktig metod inom detta område är lean, som fokuserar på ständiga förbättringar med målet att eliminera slöseri och ineffektivitet. Inom lean är det avgörande att göra information synlig och tillgänglig vid rätt tidpunkt, på rätt plats och för rätt personer i hela verksamheten. En metod för att visualisera och synliggöra denna information är användningen av pulstavlor. Med framväxten av industri 4.0 och den pågående digitaliseringen blir digitala tavlor en aktuell lösning för att göra informationen synlig. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka fördelar och nackdelar med analoga och digitala pulstavlor inom läkemedels- och fordonsindustrin. Genom att analysera och jämföra dessa två verktyg uppnås en fördjupad förståelse för faktorer och möjligheter som rör optimeringen av verktygen inom båda industrierna. För att uppnå detta syfte har författarna samlat information från litteraturen och genomfört intervjuer med personer från de berörda industrierna. Både fördelar och nackdelar av digitala och analoga pulstavlor framkommer genom litteraturstudier och intervjuerna. Några fördelar med digitala tavlor är att informationen automatiskt uppdateras från olika system och presenteras på ett enkelt sätt. Nackdelarna med digitala tavlor innefattar att medarbetarna inte känner samma koppling till informationen som de gör med analoga tavlor, samt att engagemanget minskar vid deltagande i distansmöten. Slutsatsen är att både digitala och analoga tavlor har både fördelar och nackdelar. Det bör dock noteras att i detta arbete överväger fördelarna och att det finns fler fördelar med digitala tavlor än nackdelar enligt både litteraturen och den praktiska erfarenheten inom dessa industrier. / Digitalization plays an increasingly prominent role in our daily lives, and one sector strongly impacted by this development is the manufacturing industry. Within manufacturing companies, there is a constant effort to improve processes and reduce unnecessary waste. An important method in this area is lean, which focuses on continuous improvement with the goal of eliminating waste and inefficiency. In lean, it is crucial to make information visible and accessible at the right time, in the right place, and to the right people throughout the organization. One method to visualize and make this information visible is the use of pulse boards. With the emergence of Industry 4.0 and the ongoing digitalization, digital boards become a relevant solution for making information visible. The purpose of this study is to examine the advantages and disadvantages of analog and digital pulse boards in the pharmaceutical and automotive industries. By analyzing and comparing these two tools, a deeper understanding of factors and opportunities related to the optimization of these tools in both industries is achieved. To achieve this purpose, the authors have gathered information from the literature and conducted interviews with individuals from the respective industries. Both the advantages and disadvantages of digital and analog pulse boards emerge through literature studies and interviews. Some advantages of digital boards are that the information is automatically updated from various systems and presented in a simple manner. The disadvantages of digital boards include that employees do not feel the same connection to the information as they do with analog boards, and that engagement decreases when participating in remote meetings. In conclusion, both digital and analog boards have their advantages and disadvantages. However, it should be noted that in this work, the advantages are weighted more heavily, and there are more advantages to digital boards than disadvantages according to both the literature and practical experience within these industries.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate how industrial administrative support processes and visual control can be streamlined, visualized and communicated by the introduction of lean.  To be able to answer the aim of the study, three research questions have been formulated: 1. Which non-value adding activities are limiting the efficiency of the administrative support processes and the visual control, within the industrial orders and shipping departments? 2. How can the support processes and visual control within the industrial orders and shipping departments, potentially be streamlined, visualized and communicated by the introduction of lean? 3. By the introduction of lean, what potential metrics will visualize and communicate the industrial administration support processes within orders and shipping departments? Methodology: A case study, a benchmarking study and literature review have been performed in order to answer the research questions. The literature review is based on a study of lean from a strategic and operational perspective, with a main focus on support processes and visual control. The case study was based on value stream mapping of support processes combined with observations and interviews in the area of visual control and visualization of workplace and information. Furthermore, the benchmarking study was based on observations and interviews of performed lean transformation and visual control. Collected data from the case study and benchmarking study have been analysed with the support of the literature. Findings: Non-value adding activities that are restricting the efficiency of the support processes and visual control, were identified and present opportunities for improvements. The support processes had different wastes, lacked guiding principles and were found to be unstable and unstandardized. The lack of visual control could be traced back to the lack of structure and design of daily meetings, control boards, suitable lean metrics and management of identified challenges. Factors like absence of framework for continuous improvements and visual workplaces and information, were identified. A new structured and pedagogical design was proposed. The new design include an introduction of lean within management, the design of an action plan, the selection of guiding principles and a redesign of value streams. Furthermore, the proposed design include a new design of daily meetings, control boards, lean metrics and a new framework for continuous improvements and visualisation of workplace and information in order to streamline and visualize support processes and visual control. Implications: The purpose of the research study has been achieved by solving the research questions. By the identification of non-value adding activities a new efficient design has been proposed. However, only one case study was performed, therefore its ability to create scientific value, can be regarded as limited. Recommendations: For further studies, it would be of interest to study several businesses with similar problems in order to increase the generalizability of the study and the ability to create scientific value. / Syfte: Forskningsstudien syfte är att undersöka hur industriella administrativa stödprocesser och dess visuella styrning kan effektiviseras, visualiseras och kommuniceras genom införande av lean. För att kunna besvara studiens syfte har tre problemfrågeställningar formulerats: 1. Vilka icke värdeskapande aktiviteter begränsar de administrativa stödprocessernas och den visuella styrningens effektivitet inom industriell order- och speditionsverksamhet? 2. Hur kan stödprocesserna och styrningen potentiellt effektiviseras, visualiseras och kommuniceras inom industriell order- och speditionsverksamhet, genom införande av lean?3. Vilka potentiella mätetal kan visualisera och kommunicera de industriella administrativa stödprocesserna inom order- och speditionsverksamhet, genom införande av lean? Metod och genomförande: En litteraturstudie genomfördes parallellt med en fall- och benchmarkingstudie för att besvara studiens frågeställningar. Litteraturstudien bygger på en studie av lean utifrån ett strategiskt och operativt perspektiv med fokus på stödprocesser och visuell styrning. Fallstudien består av en värdeflödesanalys av stödprocesser samt observationer och intervjuer rörande visuell styrning och visualisering av arbetsplats och information. Benchmarkingstudien bygger på intervjuer och observationer av genomförd leantransformation samt visuell styrning. Datainsamling från fall- och benchmarkingstudien har analyserats med stöd av litteraturstudien. Studiens resultat: Olika icke värdeskapande aktiviteter som reducerar stödprocesserna samt den visuella styrningens effektivitet har identifierats och utgör grunden för möjliga förbättringar. För de administrativa stödprocesserna identifierades olika former av slöseri, avsaknad av vägledande principer samt att processerna inte var stabila och standardiserade. Bristande visuell styrning kunde härledas till bristfällig struktur och utformning av dagliga möten, styrtavla samt mätetal och avvikelsehantering. Ytterligare identifierades bristande kontinuerligt och strukturerat förbättringsarbete samt avsaknad av ramverk för visualisering av arbetsplats och information. Med utgångspunkt från resultat från fall- och benchmarkingstudie har en ny strukturerad och pedagogisk utformning föreslagits. Den potentiella utformningen bygger på en förankring av lean inom ledning samt utformning av handlingsplan och vägledande principer. Ny utformning av värdeflöden, daglig möten, kontinuerligt förbättringsarbete samt ramverk för visualisering tillsammans med lean mätetal har föreslagits med syfte att effektivisera och visualisera stödprocesser och styrning. Implikationer: Forskningsstudiens syfte har uppnåtts genom att samtliga problemfrågeställningar besvarats. Genom identifikation av icke värdeskapande aktiviteter har en ny potentiell utformning föreslagits med stöd från litteratur- och benchmarkingstudien. Dock har endast ett fallföretag studerats vilket begränsar studiens förmåga att skapa vetenskapligt värde ur ett större perspektiv.  Rekommendationer: För vidare studier förordas en utökad studie av fler verksamheter med liknande problematik med syfte att öka studiens generaliserbarhet och vetenskapligt värde.

<p>U disertaciji se predstavljaju istraživanja koja su rezultirala razvojem modela objektivne kontrole otpornosti premaznih papira prema površinskom oštećenju u procesima savijanja. Na bazi analize niza izabranih parametara procesa kontrole, ppedložena su tri obeležja digitalnih uzoraka premaznih papira za opis i ocenu površinskog oštećenja. Rezultati predloženih obeležja, kao i korelacione analize omogućuju primenu tih obeležja u funkciji kontrole kvaliteta kao osnove razvoja objektivne procesne kontrole premaznih papira u procesu savijanja.</p> / <p>The research presented in this dissertation resulted in development of the objective quality control model for fold cracking resistance of coated papers. Based on the analysis of chosen control process parameters, three different features of the digitalised coated paper samples were proposed for describing and classifying surface damages. The results of the proposed features along with their correlation analysis contribute to their usage in objective process quality control of coated papers in the folding process.</p>