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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandra de Oliveira Santos.pdf: 424163 bytes, checksum: 19c859768d59700983fb2b47415e0785 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / AIM: analyzing vocal quality in women submitted to thyroidectomy, from perceptive and acoustic point of view, in pre and post-surgery moments. Rationale: vocal disorders are not common in people who show preserved function in preserved laryngeal nerves function. These disorderss can be caused by thetemporary malfunction of the strap muscle after surgery, retraction of scars and laryngotracheal fixation with impairment of vertical movement. Thus, this study springs from the basis of people submitted to thyroidectomy and who keep vocal chords movement can develop disorderss from the glottic sphere with compensation mechanisms from the superglottic sphere. METHOD: the case study was composed of 26 people from the female gender, ranging from 19 to 57 years old, submitted to total or partial thyroidectomy. The speech samples collection included the emission of the keyword arara , in mid-position in the vehicle phrase: say____ low . For the perceptive evaluation, the speech samples were presented to three judges who assessed the presence of glottic and/or supraglottic disorderss on the vocal tract between pre and postoperatory moments. From the acoustic point of view, the speech data was analysed in PRAAT software, in which the tonic vowel (a) was selected from the keyword arara for extraction of fundamental frequency measures (f0) and frequency of formants (F1, F2 e F3). RESULTS: 16 (61,5%) people displayed complaints of symptoms of superior aereal canals in postoperatory from thyroidectomy. The most frequent vocal complaints were: mucus with 11 (42%), difficulty in swallowing with 7 (27%), hoarse voice with 6 (23%). In the perceptive analysis from the post-surgery 15 (57,7%) people displayed vocal disorders in the glottic sphere. In the post-surgery, from the 17 (65,4%) people with glottic disorders, 9 (34,6%) displayed supraglottic ajustments. There was no statistical difference between the pre and postoperatory moments from the perceptive analysis. In the acoustic analysis, the value of f0 did not show great changes between the pre and postoperatory, in which 7(26,6%) and 8 (30,8%) people displayed the value of f0 below the reference value. Mainly the values of F1 in pre and postoperatory moments, respectively in 17 (65,4%) and 16 (61,5%) people, and in F2 in all people with exception of one in the pre-operatory, suggest high strap muscle, advanced tip of the tongue, lowered tongue body and faringeal constriction. Diminished values in F3 in eleven (42,3%) people in postoperatory can be related to retraction in scars which limits the vertical movement from the strap muscle, keeping it low / OBJETIVO: analisar a qualidade vocal de mulheres submetidas a tireoidectomia, do ponto de vista perceptivo-auditivo e acústico, em momentos pré e pós-cirúrgico. JUSTIFICATIVA: alterações vocais não são incomuns em sujeitos que apresentam função preservada dos nervos laríngeos pós-tireoidectomia. Essas alterações podem ser decorrentes da disfunção temporária da musculatura extrínseca da laringe, retração cicatricial e fixação laringotraqueal, que limita o movimento vertical da laringe. Dessa forma, este estudo surge do pressuposto de que sujeitos submetidos a tireoidectomia, e que permanecem com mobilidade de prega vocal, podem desenvolver alterações na esfera glótica com mecanismos compensatórios na esfera supraglótica. MÉTODO: o grupo estudado foi composto por 26 sujeitos do gênero feminino, na faixa etária de 19 a 57 anos, submetidos a tireoidectomia total ou parcial. A coleta de amostra de fala constou de emissão da palavra chave arara , em posição medial, na frase veículo: diga ______ baixinho . Para avaliação perceptivo-auditiva, a amostra de fala foi apresentada a três juízes fonoaudiólogos, que avaliaram a presença de alterações glóticas e/ou supraglóticas do trato vocal entre os momentos pré e pós-operatório. Do ponto de vista acústico, os dados da amostra de fala foram analisados no software PRAAT, no qual foi selecionada a vogal [a] tônica da palavra chave arara para extração das medidas de frequência fundamental (f0) e frequência dos formantes (F1, F2 e F3). RESULTADO: Dentre os sujeitos, 16 (61,5%) apresentaram queixa de sintoma de vias aéreas superiores no pós-operatório de tireoidectomiana. As queixas mais frequentes foram: pigarro (11 - 42%), dificuldade para deglutir (7 - 27%), rouquidão (6 - 23%). Na análise perceptivo-auditiva do pré-cirúrgico, 15 (57,7%) sujeitos apresentaram alteração vocal na esfera glótica. No pós-cirúrgico, dos 17 (65,4%) sujeitos com alteração glótica, 9 (34,6%) apresentaram ajustes supraglóticos. Na análise perceptivo-auditiva não houve significância estatística entre os momentos pré e o pós-operatório. Na análise acústica, o valor de f0 não apresentou grandes mudanças entre o pré e o pós-operatório, nos quais 7(26,6%) e 8 (30,8%) dos sujeitos, respectivamente, apresentaram o valor de f0 abaixo do valor de referência. Principalmente os valores de F1, nos momentos pré e pós-operatório, respectivamente em 17 (65,4%) e 16 (61,5%) dos sujeitos, e de F2 em todos os sujeitos, com exceção de um no pré-operatório, sugerem laringe alta, ponta de língua avançada, corpo de língua abaixado e constrição faríngea. Valores diminuídos de F3 em onze (42,3%) sujeitos no pós-operatório podem estar relacionado a retração cicatricial que limita o movimento vertical da laringe, mantendo-a baixa

The technique of �open throat� is a pedagogical concept transmitted through the oral tradition of singing. This thesis explored the pedagogical perceptions and practices of �open throat� using empirical methodologies to assess technical skill and associated vocal quality. In the first study (Mitchell, Kenny, Ryan, & Davis, 2003), we assessed the degree of consensus amongst singing pedagogues regarding the definition of, and use in the singing studio of the technique called �open throat.� Results indicated that all fifteen pedagogues described �open throat� technique as fundamental to singing training and were positive about the sound quality it achieved, especially in classical singing. It was described as a way of maximising pharyngeal space or abducting the false vocal folds. Hypotheses generated from pedagogical beliefs expressed in this first study were then tested acoustically (Mitchell & Kenny, 2004a, 2004b). Six advanced singing students sang in two conditions: �optimal� (O), using maximal open throat, �sub-optimal� (SO), using reduced open throat and loud sub-optimal (LSO) to control for the effect of loudness. From these recordings, acoustic characteristics of vibrato (Mitchell & Kenny, 2004b) and energy distribution (Mitchell & Kenny, 2004a) were examined. Subsequent investigations of the vibrato parameters of rate, extent and onset, revealed that extent was significantly reduced and onset increased when singers did not use the technique. As inconsistent vibrato is considered indicative of poor singing, it was hypothesized that testing the energy distribution in these singers� voices in each condition would identify the timbral changes associated with open throat. Visual inspection of long term average spectra (LTAS) confirmed differences between O and SO, but conventional measures applied to long term average spectra (LTAS), comparing energy peak height [singing power ratio (SPR)] and peak area [energy ratio (ER)] were not sensitive to the changes identified through visual inspection of the LTAS. These results were not consistent with the vibrato findings and suggest that conventional measures of SPR and ER are not sufficiently sensitive to evaluate LTAS. In the fourth study, fifteen expert listeners consistently and reliably identified the presence of open throat technique with 87% accuracy (Mitchell & Kenny, in press). In the fifth study, LTAS measurements were examined with respect to the perceptual ratings of singers. There was no relationship between perceptual rankings of vocal beauty and acoustic rankings of vocal quality (Kenny & Mitchell, 2004, in press). There is a vast literature of spectral energy definitions of good voice but the studies in this thesis have indicated that current acoustic methods are limited in defining vocal quality. They also suggest that current work in singing has not sufficiently incorporated perceptual ratings and descriptions of sound quality or the relationship between acoustic and perceptual factors with pedagogical practices.

The technique of �open throat� is a pedagogical concept transmitted through the oral tradition of singing. This thesis explored the pedagogical perceptions and practices of �open throat� using empirical methodologies to assess technical skill and associated vocal quality. In the first study (Mitchell, Kenny, Ryan, & Davis, 2003), we assessed the degree of consensus amongst singing pedagogues regarding the definition of, and use in the singing studio of the technique called �open throat.� Results indicated that all fifteen pedagogues described �open throat� technique as fundamental to singing training and were positive about the sound quality it achieved, especially in classical singing. It was described as a way of maximising pharyngeal space or abducting the false vocal folds. Hypotheses generated from pedagogical beliefs expressed in this first study were then tested acoustically (Mitchell & Kenny, 2004a, 2004b). Six advanced singing students sang in two conditions: �optimal� (O), using maximal open throat, �sub-optimal� (SO), using reduced open throat and loud sub-optimal (LSO) to control for the effect of loudness. From these recordings, acoustic characteristics of vibrato (Mitchell & Kenny, 2004b) and energy distribution (Mitchell & Kenny, 2004a) were examined. Subsequent investigations of the vibrato parameters of rate, extent and onset, revealed that extent was significantly reduced and onset increased when singers did not use the technique. As inconsistent vibrato is considered indicative of poor singing, it was hypothesized that testing the energy distribution in these singers� voices in each condition would identify the timbral changes associated with open throat. Visual inspection of long term average spectra (LTAS) confirmed differences between O and SO, but conventional measures applied to long term average spectra (LTAS), comparing energy peak height [singing power ratio (SPR)] and peak area [energy ratio (ER)] were not sensitive to the changes identified through visual inspection of the LTAS. These results were not consistent with the vibrato findings and suggest that conventional measures of SPR and ER are not sufficiently sensitive to evaluate LTAS. In the fourth study, fifteen expert listeners consistently and reliably identified the presence of open throat technique with 87% accuracy (Mitchell & Kenny, in press). In the fifth study, LTAS measurements were examined with respect to the perceptual ratings of singers. There was no relationship between perceptual rankings of vocal beauty and acoustic rankings of vocal quality (Kenny & Mitchell, 2004, in press). There is a vast literature of spectral energy definitions of good voice but the studies in this thesis have indicated that current acoustic methods are limited in defining vocal quality. They also suggest that current work in singing has not sufficiently incorporated perceptual ratings and descriptions of sound quality or the relationship between acoustic and perceptual factors with pedagogical practices.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 trabalho_final_Sabrina_Cukier.pdf: 978816 bytes, checksum: bb749299f4f03afcc46e3326572a9af7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Objective: investigating the perceptual, acoustic and physiological vocal quality of a group of asthmatic individuals with paradoxical vocal fold dysfunction (PVFD) in relation to a group of asthmatic individuals without PVFD and a group of individuals without breathing problems. Methods: recording of acoustic and electroglottographic speech data from 9 individuals with PVFD, 8 with asthma without PVFD and 8 without breathing problems (control group). The perceptual analysis was carried out by means of the phonetic vocal quality analysis protocol. The acoustic analysis comprised both long and short term spectra. The Lx wave of the electroglottographic signals were analyzed and measures relative to the phases of the glottal cycle were extracted. Results: Both PVFD and asthma groups presented supralaryngeal settings characterized by smaller extension and higher constriction of the vocal tract. Laryngeal settings of both PVFD and asthma groups were found to be characterized by hyperfunction, creaky voice, rough voice, breathy voice, sonority breaks, diplophonia and instability, with higher frequency of occurrence of rough voice and breathy voice adjustments and short term instability events in the asthma group. The analysis of the long term spectrum declination lines made it possible to differentiate among the groups and genders: higher degree of spectral intensity was found in the feminine asthma and the masculine control groups and higher degree of spectral intensity in the PVFD group, differentiation also brought out by intensity measures of short and long term spectra. The inspection of the Lx wave revealed the asthma and PVFD groups differed from the control group due to the presence of noise, low intensity and prolonged closed phases. The electroglottographic measures related to speed index and contact coefficient area differentiated the asthma and PVFD groups. Conclusions: the analysis of the data corroborates the hypothesis of the presence of vocal alteration in patients with PVFD and in patients with asthma and favors the description of vocal quality as a diagnosis method, delineating the important demand of speech therapy treatment for these patients / Objetivo: investigar a qualidade vocal de um grupo de indivíduos com disfunção paradoxal de pregas vocais (DPPV) com asma em relação a um grupo de indivíduos asmáticos sem DPPV e a um grupo de indivíduos sem problemas respiratórios, segundo aspectos fonéticos (perceptivo-auditivos, acústicos e fisiológicos). Métodos: gravação de amostras de fala dos sinais acústico e eletroglotográfico de 9 indivíduos com DPPV, 8 com asma sem DPPV e 8 sem problemas respiratórios (grupo controle). O sinal acústico foi analisado do ponto de vista perceptivo-auditivo com roteiro de descrição da qualidade vocal com motivação fonética. As modalidades de análise acústica utilizadas foram os espectros de longo e curto termo. O sinal eletroglotográfico foi analisado a partir da filtragem dos registros, da inspeção da onda Lx e da extração de medidas que refletem as fases do ciclo glótico. Resultados: foram identificados, nos grupos DPPV e asma, ajustes supralaríngeos caracterizados por menor extensão e maior constrição do trato vocal. Os ajustes laríngeos indicaram hiperfunção, voz crepitante, voz áspera, escape de ar, quebras de sonoridade, diplofonia e instabilidade nos grupos DPPV e asma com maior ocorrência de ajuste de voz áspera, escape de ar e ocorrência de curto termo de instabilidade no grupo asma. Na análise acústica de longo termo houve diferenciação entre os grupos e gêneros com maior declínio espectral no grupo asma feminino e controle masculino e maior intensidade espectral no grupo DPPV, diferenciação marcada também pelas medidas espectrais de curto e longo termo. Em termos fisiológicos, na inspeção da onda Lx os grupos asma e DPPV aproximaram-se e diferenciam-se do grupo controle porque apresentaram ruído, baixa intensidade e fase fechada alongada. As medidas eletroglotográficas índice de velocidade e área do coeficiente de contato diferenciaram os grupos asma e DPPV. Conclusões: a análise dos dados contempla a hipótese de alteração vocal em pacientes com DPPV e em pacientes com asma e possibilita a descrição da qualidade vocal como um método de diagnóstico, apontando para a importante demanda de tratamento fonoaudiológico junto a estes pacientes