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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

OPTIMALIZACE ANALYTICKÉ METODY VÝPOČTU OPOTŘEBENÍ STAVEBNÍCH OBJEKTŮ / OPTIMIZATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE WEAR OF BUILDINGS

Hlavinková, Vítězslava Unknown Date (has links)
The dissertation focuses on the problems associated with determining the amount of wear (finding the remaining technical values) that are being addressed. It deals with an overview of the different methods used. The basic premise of the thesis is a comprehensive overview of the calculation procedure and the methods used. This area of wear does not except the price regulation precisely defined procedure, nor are they addressed the circumstances in which that would be the method to be used. Various possible methods or inaccuracies may result in questioning the expert opinions as at trial. In conclusion of this dissertation is shown how the calculation procedure should wear for what purpose should be used and it is also proposed several alternatives.
62

Computergestützte Simulation und Analyse zufälliger dichter Kugelpackungen

Elsner, Antje 19 November 2009 (has links)
In dieser interdisziplinär geprägten Arbeit wird zunächst eine Übersicht über kugelbasierte Modelle und die algorithmischen Ansätze zur Generierung zufälliger Kugelpackungen gegeben. Ein Algorithmus aus der Gruppe der Kollektiven-Umordnungs-Algorithmen -- der Force-Biased-Algorithmus -- wird ausführlich erläutert und untersucht. Dabei werden die für den Force-Biased-Algorithmus als essenziell geltenden Verschiebungsfunktionen bezüglich ihres Einflusses auf den erreichbaren Volumenanteil der Packungen untersucht. Nicht nur aus der Literatur bekannte, sondern auch neu entwickelte Verschiebungsfunktionen werden hierbei betrachtet. Daran anschließend werden Empfehlungen zur Auswahl geeigneter Verschiebungsfunktionen gegeben. Einige mit dem Force-Biased-Algorithmus generierte Kugelpackungen, zum Beispiel hochdichte monodisperse Packungen, lassen den Schluss zu, dass insbesondere strukturelle Umbildungsvorgänge an solchen Packungen sehr gut zu untersuchen sind. Aus diesem Grund besitzt das Modell der mit dem Force-Biased-Algorithmus dicht gepackten harten Kugeln große Bedeutung in der Materialwissenschaft, insbesondere in der Strukturforschung. In einem weiteren Kapitel werden wichtige Kenngrößen kugelbasierter Modelle erläutert, wie z. B. spezifische Oberfläche, Volumenanteil und die Kontaktverteilungsfunktionen. Für einige besonders anwendungsrelevante Kenngrößen (z. B. die spezifische Oberfläche) werden Näherungsformeln entwickelt, an Modellsystemen untersucht und mit bekannten Näherungen aus der Literatur verglichen. Zur Generierung und Analyse der Kugelpackungen wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit die Simulationssoftware „SpherePack“ entwickelt, deren Aufbau unter dem Aspekt des Softwareengineerings betrachtet wird. Die Anforderungen an dieses Simulationssystem sowie dessen Architektur werden hier beschrieben, einschließlich der Erläuterung einzelner Berechnungsmodule. An ausgewählten praxisnahen Beispielen aus der Materialwissenschaft kann die Vielfalt der Einsatzmöglichkeiten eines Simulationssystems zur Generierung und Analyse von zufälligen dicht gepackten Kugelsystemen gezeigt werden. Vor allem die hohe Aussagekraft der Untersuchungen in Bezug auf Materialeigenschaften unterstreicht die Bedeutung des Modells zufällig dicht gepackter harter Kugeln in der Materialforschung und verwandten Forschungsgebieten.
63

3D Textile PMC Damage Evolution: Effects of Fiber Volume Fraction and Morphology Variation

Duning, Solomon George 23 May 2016 (has links)
No description available.
64

Soot Volume Fraction and Particle Size Measurements using Laser-Induced Incandescence

Thomas N McLean (18429630) 26 April 2024 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">Soot is a byproduct formed during incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. Atmospheric soot from aircraft emissions increases local air temperatures, drives cloud formation, and decreases albedo on snow and ice: three factors that promote global warming. It is also potentially harmful to humans and has been associated with negative effects on heart and lung health. Operationally, soot formation indicates an inefficiency in combustion and can cause deterioration in aircraft engines. Modeling soot formation in complex flow fields is difficult and has been largely unsuccessful. In-situ soot measurements at relevant conditions can inform the design and operation of aircraft engines with reduced soot emissions. Laser-induced incandescence (LII) is a diagnostic that allows for non-intrusive measurements of soot volume fraction and primarily particle size in combustion environments. It involves laser-heating soot particles to temperatures at which they incandescence and measuring the radiated signal. The strong absorption capabilities and high sublimation temperature of soot make this diagnostic highly selective against the detection of other species. A coupled set of differential equations can be used to model the change in temperature and mass of a soot particle over time. Methods for modeling the fundamental processes in LII were reviewed in this work and comparisons were made between several different models.</p><p dir="ltr">International Sooting Flame target conditions were used to form a laminar diffusion flame in a Yale burner with a range of soot levels. Soot volume fraction measurements were conducted and compared with other experimental values to validate the accuracy of the experimental setup and techniques used. A calibration was performed using a laser extinction measurement from a previous study. Results showed an overall increase in soot volume fraction with increasing percentages of ethylene, as well as a transition in the peak location. Time-resolved LII was conducted at 10 MHz to determine the primary particle size of soot particles. Larger primary particles were observed with increasing height for flames with higher ethylene content. Changes in the soot formation and surface growth rates are suspected factors in the observed trends in the data. </p><p dir="ltr">The overall objective of this study was to validate an experimental setup for Laser-Induced Incandescence using a laminar diffusion flame. LII measurements were successfully demonstrated using the same diagnostic setup in a liquid-fueled swirl-stabilized flame at aircraft engine-relevant conditions. This study sets the groundwork for further investigation into aircraft soot generation using LII. </p>
65

A New AC-Radio Frequency Heating Calorimetry Technique for Complex Fluids

Barjami, Saimir 28 April 2005 (has links)
We have developed a new modulation calorimetry technique using RF-Field heating. This technique eliminates temperature gradients across the sample leading to a higher precision in evaluating the heat capacity compared to the previous techniques. A frequency scan was carried out on a 8CB+aerosil sample showing a wide plateau indicating the region of frequency independent heat capacity. A temperature scan was then performed through the first-order nematic to isotropic and second order smectic-A to nematic transitions and was shown to be consistent with the previous work. The amplitude of the RF heating power applied to the sample depends on the permittivity and the loss factor of the sample. Since the permittivity of a dielectric material has a strong temperature dependence in liquid crystals, new information is obtained. The heat capacity measurements have a relative resolution of better than 0.06%, and the phase shift a resolution of 0.03%, were shown to be significant improvements over traditional heating methods. We then applied this new RF calorimetry on bulk and aerosil 8CB dispersions. For the bulk 8CB, the step-like character of smectic-A to nematic transition, and first order nematic to isotropic transitions indicated the strong dominance of the permittivity and the loss factor of the material. For the 8CB+aerosil samples at different silica density, our data were consistent with the previous work and provides clear evidence for the coupling between the smectic-A and nematic phases. We have undertaken a combined T-dependent optical and calorimetric investigation of CCN47+aerosil samples through the I-N transition over a range of silica densities displaying the double I-N transition peak. This work offers compelling evidence that the I-N transition with weak quenched random disorder proceeds via a two-step process in which random-dilution is followed by random-field interactions on cooling from the isotropic phase, a previously unrecognized phenomena.
66

‘Tri-3D’ electron microscopy tomography by FIB, SEM and TEM : Application to polymer nanocomposites / Tomographie électronique ‘Tri-3D’ en FIB, SEM et TEM : Application aux nanocomposites polymère

Liu, Yang 25 July 2013 (has links)
Ce travail a porté sur la caractérisation et la quantification en 3D de la répartition de charges de différents types (nanoparticules, nanotubes, etc.) dans des matrices polymères. Nous nous focalisons sur les techniques de tomographie en microscopie électronique. Une approche multiple en tomographie électronique a été réalisée : la tomographie en FIB/MEB (faisceau d’ions focalisé/microscope électronique à balayage), la tomographie en MEB et la tomographie en MET (microscope électronique en transmission). Les nanocomposites polymère sont généralement élaborés aux fins d’améliorer les propriétés physiques (mécanique, électrique, etc.) du matériau polymère constituant la matrice, grâce à une addition contrôlée de charges nanométriques. La caractérisation de tels matériaux, et l’établissement de corrélations précises entre la microstructure et les propriétés d’usage, requièrent une approche tri-dimensionnelle. En raison de la taille nanométrique des charges, la microscopie électronique est incontournable. Deux systèmes de nanocomposite polymère ont été étudiés par une approche multiple de tomographie électronique : P(BuA-stat-S)/MWNTs (copolymère statistique poly (styrène-co-acrylate de butyl) renforcé par des nanotubes de carbone multi-parois), et P(BuA-stat-MMA)/SiO2 (copolymère statistique poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) renforcé par des nanoparticules de silice). Par combinaison de divers techniques, la caractérisation et la quantification des nanocharges ont été possibles. En particulier, la taille, la fraction volumique et la distribution des charges ont été mesurées. Cette étude a ainsi fourni des informations en 3D qui contribuent à mieux comprendre les propriétés des nanocomposites. Une attention particulière a été portée aux artefacts et causes d’erreur possibles durant l’étape de traitement 3D. Nous avons également essayé de comparer les différentes techniques utilisées du point de vue de leurs avantages et inconvénients respectifs, en dégageant des possibilités d’amélioration future. / This work is focused on the characterization and quantification of the 3D distribution of different types of fillers (nanoparticles, nanotubes, etc.) in polymer matrices. We have essentially used tomography techniques in electron microscopy. Multiple approaches to electron tomography were performed: FIB-SEM (focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope) tomography, SEM tomography and TEM (transmission electron microscope) tomography. Polymer nanocomposites are basically synthesized in order to improve the physical properties (mechanical, electric, etc.) of the pure polymer constituting the matrix, by a controlled addition of fillers at the nanoscale. The characterization of such materials and the establishment of accurate correlations between the microstructure and the modified properties require a three-dimensional approach. According to the nanometric size of the fillers, electron microscopy techniques are needed. Two systems of polymer nanocomposites have been studied by multiple electron tomography approaches: P(BuA-stat-S)/MWNTs (statistical copolymer poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes) and P(BuA-stat-MMA)/SiO2 (statistical copolymer poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) reinforced by silica nanoparticles). By combining various techniques, the characterization and the quantification of nanofillers were possible. In particular, statistics about size, distribution and volume fraction of the fillers were measured. This study has then provided 3D information, which contributes to a better understanding of properties of the nanocomposites. Attention has been paid to analyze carefully original data, and artifacts and causes of errors or inaccuracy were considered in the 3D treatments. We also attempted to compare benefits and drawbacks of all techniques employed in this study, and perspectives for future improvements have been proposed.
67

Deformation Behaviour, Microstructure and Texture Evolution of CP Ti Deformed at Elevated Temperatures

Zeng, Zhipeng January 2009 (has links)
In the present work, deformation behavior, texture and microstructure evolution of commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) are investigated by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) after compression tests at elevated temperatures. By analysing work hardening rate vs. flow stress, the deformation behaviour can be divided into three groups, viz. three-stage work hardening, two-stage work hardening and flow softening. A new deformation condition map is presented, dividing the deformation behavior of CP Ti into three distinct zones which can be separated by two distinct values of the Zener-Hollomon parameter. The deformed microstructures reveal that dynamic recovery is the dominant deformation mechanism for CP Ti during hot working. It is the first time that the Schmid factor and pole figures are used to analyse how the individual slip systems activate and how their activities evolve under various deformation conditions. Two constitutive equations are proposed in this work, one is for single peak dynamic recrystallization (DRX), the other is specially for CP Ti deformed during hot working. After the hot compression tests, some stress-strain curves show a single peak, leading to the motivation of setting up a DRX model. However, the examinations of EBSD maps and metallography evidently show that the deformation mechanism is dynamic recovery rather than DRX. Then, the second model is set up. The influence of the deformation conditions on grain size, texture and deformation twinning is systematically investigated. The results show that {10-12} twinning only occurs at the early stage of deformation. As the strain increases, the {10-12} twinning is suppressed while {10- 11} twinning appears. Three peaks are found in the misorientation frequency-distribution corresponding to basal fiber texture, {10-11} and {10-12} twinning, respectively. A logZ-value of 13 is found to be critical for both the onset of {10-11} compressive twinning and the break point for the subgrain size. The presence of {10-11} twinning is the key factor for effectively reducing the deformed grain size. The percentage of low angle grain boundaries decreases with increasing Z-parameter, falling into a region separated by two parallel lines with a common slope and 10% displacement. After deformation, three texture components can be found, one close to the compression direction, CD, one 10~30° to CD and another 45° to CD. / QC 20100819
68

Computergestützte Simulation und Analyse zufälliger dichter Kugelpackungen

Elsner, Antje 18 October 2010 (has links) (PDF)
In dieser interdisziplinär geprägten Arbeit wird zunächst eine Übersicht über kugelbasierte Modelle und die algorithmischen Ansätze zur Generierung zufälliger Kugelpackungen gegeben. Ein Algorithmus aus der Gruppe der Kollektiven-Umordnungs-Algorithmen -- der Force-Biased-Algorithmus -- wird ausführlich erläutert und untersucht. Dabei werden die für den Force-Biased-Algorithmus als essenziell geltenden Verschiebungsfunktionen bezüglich ihres Einflusses auf den erreichbaren Volumenanteil der Packungen untersucht. Nicht nur aus der Literatur bekannte, sondern auch neu entwickelte Verschiebungsfunktionen werden hierbei betrachtet. Daran anschließend werden Empfehlungen zur Auswahl geeigneter Verschiebungsfunktionen gegeben. Einige mit dem Force-Biased-Algorithmus generierte Kugelpackungen, zum Beispiel hochdichte monodisperse Packungen, lassen den Schluss zu, dass insbesondere strukturelle Umbildungsvorgänge an solchen Packungen sehr gut zu untersuchen sind. Aus diesem Grund besitzt das Modell der mit dem Force-Biased-Algorithmus dicht gepackten harten Kugeln große Bedeutung in der Materialwissenschaft, insbesondere in der Strukturforschung. In einem weiteren Kapitel werden wichtige Kenngrößen kugelbasierter Modelle erläutert, wie z. B. spezifische Oberfläche, Volumenanteil und die Kontaktverteilungsfunktionen. Für einige besonders anwendungsrelevante Kenngrößen (z. B. die spezifische Oberfläche) werden Näherungsformeln entwickelt, an Modellsystemen untersucht und mit bekannten Näherungen aus der Literatur verglichen. Zur Generierung und Analyse der Kugelpackungen wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit die Simulationssoftware „SpherePack“ entwickelt, deren Aufbau unter dem Aspekt des Softwareengineerings betrachtet wird. Die Anforderungen an dieses Simulationssystem sowie dessen Architektur werden hier beschrieben, einschließlich der Erläuterung einzelner Berechnungsmodule. An ausgewählten praxisnahen Beispielen aus der Materialwissenschaft kann die Vielfalt der Einsatzmöglichkeiten eines Simulationssystems zur Generierung und Analyse von zufälligen dicht gepackten Kugelsystemen gezeigt werden. Vor allem die hohe Aussagekraft der Untersuchungen in Bezug auf Materialeigenschaften unterstreicht die Bedeutung des Modells zufällig dicht gepackter harter Kugeln in der Materialforschung und verwandten Forschungsgebieten.

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