Diss. Phil.-Naturwiss. Bern, 1965.

The diploma thesis focuses on apposition and its syntactic and semantic characteristics in the headlines of Czech and English online media. In the theoretical part, the format of a headline is introduced as a part of written journalistic texts as well as significant Czech and English concepts about appositions are presented. The selected approaches are then united into a classification which is later used for the purposes of the linguistic analysis in the practical part. The aforementioned analysis deals with syntactic and semantic aspects of appositional units, classifies the language data and describes them in detail. The final chapter of the thesis contain the conclusion and offer the results of the linguistic analysis. KEY WORDS apposition, nominal apposition, nonnominal apposition, nominal phrases, clause, sentence, appositional constructions, appositives, headlines, Czech media, English media, online media, restrictiveness, non-restrictiveness

Introduction: Classifications such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Cognitive Impairment, No Dementia (CIND) are thought to represent the transitory, pre-clinical phase of dementia. However, increasing research demonstrates that MCI and CIND represent nonlinear and unstable entities that do not always lead to imminent dementia. Despite an increase in research examining patterns and predictors of cognitive impairment classification stability, this concept is still poorly understood, and the research remains limited. The present study was designed to address the existing limitations within the literature by utilizing a longitudinal repeated measures design to gain a more thorough understanding of CIND classification stability patterns, as well as identify predictors of future stability. Objectives: The objectives were to i) explore patterns of longitudinal stability in cognitive status across multiple assessments, and ii) investigate whether select baseline variables could predict 6-year cognitive status stability patterns. Methods: Participants included 259 older adults from Project MIND, a six-year longitudinal repeated measures design in which participants were classified as either Normal Cognition (NC) or CIND at each assessment. A latent transition analysis approach was adapted in order to identify and characterize transitions in CIND status across annual assessments. Participants were classified as either Stable NC, Stable CIND, Progressers, Reverters, or Fluctuaters. Multinomial logistic regression was then employed to test whether baseline predictors were associated with cognitive status stability patterns. Results: The sample demonstrated high rates of reversion and fluctuation in CIND status across years of study. Additionally, premorbid IQ, total number of medications, presence of arthritis, and CIND severity at baseline were all significantly associated with select CIND stability outcomes. Conclusion: CIND status was unstable for several years following baseline assessment, and factors such as cognitive reserve may delay or protect against demonstrable cognitive impairment. Further, considering cognitive impairment severity (i.e., single versus multidomain impairment) at the time of initial classification may improve CIND classifications. Continued research on CIND stability is recommended to improve classification methodology and provide a framework for future identification and prevention. / Graduate

Examensarbete angående elever i behov av särskilt stöd i den reguljära skolan och i specialskolan / Degree project concerning students in need of special education in the mainstream school and the special school

This dissertation answers the question what is and what is not ellipsis and specifies criteria for identification of elliptical sentences. It reports on an analysis of types of ellipsis from the point of view of semantic (semantico-syntactic) representation of sentences. It does not deal with conditions and causes of the constitution of elliptical positions in sentences (when and why is it possible to omit something in a sentence) but it focuses exclusively on the identification of elliptical positions (if there is something omitted and what) and on their semantic representation, specifically on their representation on the tectogrammatical level of the Prague Dependency Treebanks. In this dissertation, the dependency approach (used in the Prague Dependency Treebanks) is also compared with the generative approach (used in the Penn Treebank). It is possible to utilize this comparison in the (automatic) conversion from constituency trees to dependency trees.

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-05-13T18:34:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Guilhermina de Carvalho.pdf: 1949804 bytes, checksum: f16a6247125289fdaeafe457a4a446f6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-16T17:15:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Guilhermina de Carvalho.pdf: 1949804 bytes, checksum: f16a6247125289fdaeafe457a4a446f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-16T17:15:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Guilhermina de Carvalho.pdf: 1949804 bytes, checksum: f16a6247125289fdaeafe457a4a446f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Esta dissertação analisa a variação da ordem SV/VS em construções com verbos inacusativos de 18 (dezoito) entrevistas, extraídas do Corpus Base do Dialeto Rural Afro-Brasileiro, da região da Bahia, procurando conciliar uma abordagem sociolingüística variacionista com um aparato teórico gerativista. O corpus analisado reúne três comunidades localizadas em regiões diferentes do estado da Bahia, em que se fixou mão-de-obra escrava: Helvécia, no extremo-sul do Estado; Cinzento, no semi-árido; e Sapé, no Recôncavo Baiano. Assume-se, como objeto de estudo, a perspectiva de uma das ordens, a ordem VS, procurando caracterizar os fatores lingüísticos e extralingüísticos que a condicionam, estes últimos em função de motivações externas (sócio-históricas), ligadas a essas comunidades rurais afro-brasileiras, vivendo em relativo isolamento. A análise estatística demonstra que há fatores sintáticos e semântico-discursivos relevantes no condicionamento da ordem VS, sobrelevando a natureza do verbo inacusativo em relação com o argumento interno que seleciona. Esta análise conclui que as ordens SV e VS não constituem propriamente um caso de variação, mas sim, um fenômeno de configuração heterogênea, em distribuição complementar. / Salvador

i Abstract In the environment of a large group of analysts who are willing to share their investment ideas publicly, it is a challenging task to find the ones who have a great skill and whose recommendations generate abnormal returns. We explore one such famous group, Value Investors Club, consisting of 1223 analysts be- tween the years 2000 and 2019. We separate the analysts into multiple groups, each representing their inherent abilities. The commonly used method of single hypothesis testing cannot be used as we test many analysts at once, and the multiple hypothesis testing methods need to be employed. Using these meth- ods, we are able to detect the subgroup of analysts who have abnormal returns from the Fama-French 4 factor portfolio. However, different methods lead to different groups of analysts deemed to be skilled. An overall portfolio consist- ing of all analysts generates large abnormal returns, which diminish with the increases in the holding period. Furthermore, analyses from analysts estimated to be skilled are used to form portfolios. We find that there are methods that have significantly larger abnormal returns compared to the overall portfolio; however, the methods are not consistent at producing such portfolios. Keywords multiple hypothesis testing, luck and skill, in- vestment ideas Title...

The most important moment of whole project is the change of the status. Creation of unique sarcophagus for an object of mass-production - one of many globally manufactured objects become a part of a unique, authentic object and authorship. Transformation of one of the mass-product to the skeleton of author's object. Mass-product gives dimensions to the original object - it is directing process of creation. By creating its own unique case the object of mass-production is finally closer to human scale: one piece of furniture vs. one carpenter.

There are two types of superstructures in superstructure design, rigid and flexible. Rigid superstructures have higher load-bearing capacity than flexible superstructures. In Sweden, rigid superstructures are used for slow and heavy traffic roads such as bus stations and parking lots. A common example of rigid superstructures is cement-bound superstructures that have cement-bound layers instead of bitumen. Flexible superstructures can be bitumen bonded layers or unbound structures.The program PMS Object (Pavement Management Systems) is used in Sweden for designing highway constructions, new as well as maintenance / reinforcement of existing highways. PMS Object is based on linear elastic theory and the calculation methods are based on analytical - empirical dimensioning method. According to TRVK, the calculation method only works for the conditions and material that the designer chose during the design process. This makes it difficult for the designer when the material is to be replaced.The National Road & Transport Research Institute "VTI" started the process to develop a new program based on multilayer elastic theory and the calculation method is based on a mechanical analytical method. This means there are more alternatives for input data in the form of climate data as well as more models for calculating traffic loads and structures compared to when using the analytical - empirical dimensioning model PMS Object.The purpose of this thesis is to compare two highway design programs, PMS Object and ERAPAVE. During this work, we have studied the models and methods on which the software is based. For three realistic roads results are presented, compared, and discussed to determine in what way the software differ.The result shows that ERAPAVE shows more output, which gives you a better overall picture of the project. The program used more in-depth data and other models than PMS object. In ERAPAVE you can calculate the track depth development for all layers. PMS assumes that the rutting comes from the terrace, not from other layers. ERAPAVE can characterize traffic in different ways as standard axels or more detailed alternatives such as WIM data and that program considers the traffic's lateral distribution and more. / Det finns två typer av vägöverbyggnader, styva och flexibla. Styva överbyggnader har högre bärighetsförmåga än flexibla. I Sverige används oftast styva överbyggnader vid långsamma och tungt trafikerande vägar som till exempel busstationer och parkeringar. Ett vanligt exempel på styva överbyggnader är cementbundna överbyggnader som har cementbundna lager istället för bitumen. Flexibla överbyggnader kan vara bitumenbundna lager eller obundna konstruktioner och det finns inga cementbundna lager i flexibla överbyggnader.PMS Objekt (Pavement Management Systems) används i Sverige vid dimensionering av vägöverbyggnader, nybyggda vägar såväl som underhåll/förstärkning av befintliga. PMS Objekt är baserat på linjärelastisk teori och beräkningsmetoderna på analytisk - empirisk dimensionering. Enligt TRVK väg fungerar beräkningsmetoden endast för dessa förhållanden och för materialet som konstruktören valde vid dimensioneringen. Det gör det svårt för konstruktören när materialen ska ersättas.Statens Väg- & Transportforsknings Institut “VTI” har börjat utvecklingen av ett nytt program som är baserat på elastisk teori för flerskikt och beräkningsmetoden är baserad på en mekanisk analytisk metod. Det betyder att det finns fler alternativ för beräkning av trafiklaster och strukturer jämfört med den analytisk – empirisk dimensioneringsmodellen.Syftet med examensarbetet är att jämföra två vägdimensioneringsprogram. Under detta arbete jämförs indata som används till varje program vid beräkning av olika projekt och deras skillnader. I nästa steg studeras hur modeller och metoder som programvarorna baseras på påverkar slutresultatet, dvs. dimensioneringen. Resultat presenteras för tre realistiska objekt där överbyggnaden dimensioneras med PMS Objekt och ERAPAVE varpå en kort diskussion följer.Resultatet visar att ERAPAVE visar mer utdata vilket gör att man får en bättre helhetsbild över projektet. Programmet använde fler ingående data och andra modeller än PMS objekt. I ERAPAVE kan man beräkna spårdjupsutveckling för alla lager. PMS antar att spårbildningen kommer från terrassen, inte från andra lager. ERAPAVE kan karakterisera trafiken på olika sätt som standardaxlar eller mer detaljerade alternativ som WIM data samt att programmet tar hänsyn till trafikens sidolägesfördelning med mera.

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