The research performed in this work investigated evaporative spray cooling systems using water near a 45 degree bends in gas turbine exhaust piping systems. Both experimental data and numerical data were generated with the goal of evaluating the ability of Fluent 6.3.26 to predict the performance of these systems for the purpose of design using only modest computational resources. Three cases were investigated in this research: single phase exhaust flow with no water injection, injecting water before the bend and injecting water after the bend. Various probes were used to measure dry bulb temperature, total pressure and water mass flux of the two phase flow at the exit of the pipe. Seven hole probes and pitot static probes were used to measure single phase flow properties. Numerical simulations were performed using mass flow boundary conditions which were generated from experimental results. A turbulence model was selected for the simulations based on comparisons of single phase simulations with experimental data and convergence ability. Using Fluent’s discrete phase model, different wall boundary conditions for the discrete phase were used in order to find the model which would best match the evaporation rates of the experimental data. Mass flux values through the exit plane of the pipe were found to be the most reliable of all the two phase data collected. Results from numerical simulations revealed the shortcomings of the available discrete phase wall boundary conditions to accurately predict the interaction of the liquid phase with the wall. Experimental results for both cases showed extensive areas of the wall which had liquid film layers running down the length of the pipe. Simulations resulted in particles either failing to impact the wall and create a liquid film, or creating a liquid film which was much smaller than the film present in experimental results. This led to 8% and 15% discrepancy in evaporation amounts between numerical and experimental results for water injection upstream and downstream of the bend respectively. Under-prediction of areas wetted with a wall film in the simulations also led to gross over predictions of wall temperature in numerical results. / Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-01-02 11:02:00.955

This paper’s aim is to discover the impact of economical, demographic and traditional determinants on clubs’ on-pitch success in UEFA Champions League. Generally it is assumed by people that financially strong clubs tend to win on the pitch most of the time. Is it really true? Is it always the same wealthy teams which win in the end? Football is a type of entertainment and people would like to see games with uncertain outcomes and a balanced competitiveness between two sides. In this way they can enjoy this entertainment. In that case, how uncertain is the outcome and how balanced is the competition in UEFA Champions League? In order to answer all these questions a multiple regression analysis is built including economic, demographic and traditional variables both at club and country level. These mentioned explanatory variables are GDP per capita of the home country, population of the host city, total market value of the team’s players, capacity of the stadium, country’s participation in international tournaments, club’s age, rank of the next best team from the same country and country’s hosting an international tournament. It turned out that financially advantageous clubs which have stadiums with larger capacities and located in more populated cities have more chances of winning than the others. Then again, it is observed that countries’ football tradition and dedication does not have a significant impact on clubs’ on-pitch success in UEFA Champions League.

Aim: Overall aims were to evaluate a stress management intervention with a stepped care approach among women with breast cancer and to explore distress, emotional reactivity and fatigue, both using a theoretical approach and self-reported assessment. Methods: A total of 821 women were approached, 372 women rejected participation, 23 women failed to return the questionnaire and one died, hence, 425 patients (52%) accepted participation. Study I evaluated the cognitive processing model with the aid of an untreated patient group, including 189 women according to the main study protocol. Sixty-six of these women were ineligible for the intervention, as they did not report clinical levels of distress. The remaining 123 women were eligible but they declined participation. Study II explored the validation of the ELSS and emotional reactivity among women with breast cancer. The population comprised of all 425 women (breast cancer sample) and 176 women randomly selected from the PAR register (random women sample). Studies III and IV evaluated the intervention and included all 425 women. Main findings: Study I: avoidance does not mediate the relationship between intrusion and later psychological distress in an early stage breast cancer population. Study II: the ELSS has acceptable validity and reliability. The factor structure of the ELSS was similar in both samples and correlated well with the STAQ (gold standard). Younger age was the only variable associated with emotional reactivity at the start of curative treatment. Studies III and IV: a stepped care approach did not reduce the number of women who require a more extensive treatment at three-months post-diagnosis. Both intervention groups (group/individual) reduced their levels of distress, but there were no significant differences between them. Only about half of the women who were randomised in the second step of the intervention accepted participation. Conclusions: The present thesis provides information regarding distress, emotional reactivity and fatigue among women with breast cancer. A majority of women with early stage breast cancer seem to process the trauma of a cancer diagnosis in a satisfactory way but may experience some emotional reactivity, and younger women may experience more emotional distress. The results also highlight the need for validated measures and carefully planned psychosocial interventions.

The topic of this thesis is a mathematically rigorous derivation of formulae for the magnetic force which is exerted on a part of a bounded magnetized body by its surrounding. Firstly, the magnetic force is considered within a continuous system based on macroscopic magnetostatics. The force formula in this setting is called Brown's force formula referring to W. F. Brown, who gave a mainly physically motivated discussion of it. This formula contains a surface integral which shows a nonlinear dependence on the normal. Brown assumes the existence of an additional term in the surface force which cancels the nonlinearity to allow an application of Cauchy's theorem in continuum mechanics to a magnetoelastic material. The proof of Brown's formula which is given in this work involves a suitable regularization of a hypersingular kernel and uses singular integral methods. Secondly, we consider a discrete, periodic setting of magnetic dipoles and formulate the force between a part of a bounded set and its surrounding. In order to pass to the continuum limit we start from the usual force formula for interacting magnetic dipoles. It turns out that the limit of the discrete force is different from Brown's force formula. One obtains an additional nonlinear surface term which allows one to regard Brown's assumption on the surface force as a consequence of the atomistic approach. Due to short range effects one obtains moreover an additional linear surface term in the continuum limit of the discrete force. This term contains a certain lattice sum which depends on a hypersingular kernel and the underlying lattice structure. / Das Thema dieser Arbeit ist eine mathematisch strenge Herleitung von Formeln für die magnetische Kraft, die auf einen Teil eines beschränkten, magnetischen Körpers durch seine Umgebung ausgeübt wird. Zunächst wird die magnetische Kraft in einem kontinuierlichen System auf Grundlage der makroskopischen Magnetostatik betrachtet. Mit Bezug auf W. F. Brown, der eine vor allem physikalisch motivierte Herleitung der Kraftformel gegeben hat, wird diese auch Brownsche Kraftformel genannt. Das Oberflächenintegral in dieser Formel zeigt eine nichtlineare Abhängigkeit von der Normalen. Um Cauchys Theorem aus der Kontinuumsmechanik in einem magnetoelastischen Material anwenden zu können, nimmt Brown an, dass die Oberflächenkraft einen zusäatzlichen Term enthält, der den nichtlinearen Ausdruck aufhebt. Der Beweis der Brownschen Kraftformel in dieser Arbeit beruht auf einer geeigneten Regularisierung eines hypersingulären Kerns und benutzt Methoden für singuläre Integrale. Danach gehen wir von einem diskreten, periodischen System von magnetischen Dipolen aus und betrachten die Kraft zwischen einem Teil einer beschränkten Menge und der Umgebung. Um zum Kontinuumslimes überzugehen, starten wir von der üblichen Kraftformel für wechselwirkende magnetische Dipole. Es zeigt sich, dass sich der Limes der diskreten Kraft von der Brownschen Kraftformel unterscheidet. Man erhält einen zusätzlichen nichtlinearen Oberflächenterm, der es ermöglicht, Browns Annahme als Konsequenz des atomistischen Zugangs zu sehen. Kurzreichweitige Effekte führen zudem zu einem linearen Oberflächenterm im Kontinuumlimes der diskreten Kraft. Dieser Zusatzterm enthält eine gewisse Gittersumme, die von einem hypersingulären Kern und der Struktur des zugrundeliegenden Gitters abhängt.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

The present study examines and finds that internal auditors, particularly Chief Audit Executives, recognize financial accounting expertise as a significant base of audit committee (AC) power in the financial reporting process. However, such an AC expertise (i.e., financial accounting expertise) does not "counterbalance" internal auditors' perceived dependency on management or influence their decisions to monitor financial reporting quality. Instead, the cost-benefit analysis affects their decisions: (1) benefits of staying resolute to monitor financial reporting quality (i.e., "psychological empowerment"), and (2) costs of potential adverse reactions of management who exerts power over the internal audit. In addition, this study examines and finds that the financial reporting location (recognition vs. disclosure) has significant impacts on both internal audit reporting decisions and decisions to correct misstatements. Specifically, internal auditors' tolerances for disclosed misstatements reveal that they also feed the "vicious circle" of reliability expectations as external auditors do in a prior study (Libby, Nelson and Hunton, 2006).

Recent research expresses serious doubts on the concept of unlearning. It is argued that knowledge cannot be discarded or eliminated in order to make space for the creation of new knowledge. Taking into account the recent scepticism, we focus on the cognitive dimension of unlearning and propose an alternative conceptualization. Considering how far unlearning can go from a psychological/cognitive scientific perspective, we propose that unlearning is about reducing the influence of old knowledge on our cognitive capacity. This study: (a) investigates the unlearning process within the cognitive domain and on an individual level and (b) proposes unlearning process triggers that detract or facilitate the knowledge change process, which could subsequently contribute to unlearning on an organizational level.

Despite the ecological value of unreclaimed post-mining areas, in the Czech Republic, however, rigorous technical reclamation still prevails. Such an approach usually leads to a more uniform environment and destroys the habitat diversity of successional sites, including the variety of water bodies that are crucial habitats for many aquatic and semiaquatic species. The aim of our study was to assess the water environment and diversity of amphibians on reclaimed and unreclaimed post-mining sites and compare the offers of aquatic habitats in affected and unaffected by mininglandscape in Bohemia.