As of Spring 2013, this is the first research study of its type which has looked at and analyzed the results of qualitative interviews conducted with Kurdish Iraqi students studying abroad in the government's, Mhe-HCDP, foreign study abroad program. The study looks at student's actual experiences and perceptions about the program, as well as their recommendations for improving the program. The study also looked at the overall goals and acknowledged problems within the program as established by the Iraqi Mhe reports of 2010 and 2011. The study found a considerable amount of agreement between problems identified by the Mhe and problems recognized by the students in the program. Moreover, the research surveyed a considerable amount of literature in the field of study abroad programs which correlate directly too many of the problems identified by both the Mhe and the students. Several of the problems identified in this research pertain to the need for more ESL programs, more "pre-departure" orientation programs, more coordination between Iraqi universities and host universities, more cultural training, more emphasis on pedagogical structures related to critical thinking, reading, and writing, as well as the need for more education in the area of conducting advanced, post-secondary, research in western institutions and more programmatic support at host universities. The study presents the results of 25 qualitative interviews with students, 3 interviews with program administrators, and one interview with a former minister of the Mhe and lists the recommendations and observations all of them have about the existing study abroad program.

Articulée en trois chapitres, cette thèse qui vise à endiguer la toute-puissance de la traductologie porte, d’abord, sur l’analyse d’un extrait de Simenon inséré dans La belle Hortense, puis sur l’examen des erreurs relevées dans 40 versions d’étudiants de l’université de Venise confrontés avec un passage d’Agnès Desarthe et, enfin, sur la traduction du « Maladroit » de Raymond Queneau par Umberto Eco. Comme le titre l’indique, cette thèse revendique l’importance de la pratique. Ce n’est pas à force d’étudier des grammaires qu’un jour on se réveille écrivain, une plume ou un clavier à la main. De même, c’est une évidence, on ne devient pas traducteur sans traduire, bien que l’exercice ne puisse garantir l’excellence du résultat. C’est un truisme, une lapalissade dont il n’est pas inutile de rappeler la vérité, à un moment où la traductologie devient de plus en plus envahissante. Comme toute théorie, elle tend à l’abstraction et à la généralisation, tandis que la pratique, elle, se confronte au hic et nunc. C’est pour cela même qu’elle risque de se révéler non seulement inadéquate, mais aussi dangereuse. Car la littérature, loin d’être l’application de la norme, est le lieu de l’écart. Or, il est difficile de résister à l’autorité d’un dictionnaire, d’un traductologue ou d’un critique, plus difficile encore s’ils sont auréolés de prestige. Toute traduction comporte deux phases. La première est axée sur une analyse stylistique du texte-source et implique une excellente maîtrise de la langue et de la culture de son monde d’origine. C’est le moment de l’esclavage où le traducteur est complètement au service de l’auteur, où il cherche à comprendre sans juger, où – tel un amoureux – il écoute sa voix pour pouvoir l’interpréter. Mais le moment de l’esclavage qui enchaîne au texte originel est aussi le moment de l’apprentissage, le moment où le traducteur peut pénétrer les secrets d’une écriture d’auteur. Sans cette phase préalable, on ne devrait même pas parler de traduction. Si on ne lit pas attentivement – à la loupe – l’œuvre qu’on doit transplanter ou si on ne connaît pas assez la matière dont elle est faite, on finit par se fier aux dictionnaires, par appliquer des recettes toutes faites. C’est une autre voix que celle de l’auteur que l’on entendra, alors, au-delà des frontières. C’est dans cette phase que des préjugés ou des brouillages théoriques assez enracinés ou assez puissants sont intervenus, d’après mon analyse, dans les extraits examinés. Ils ont entraîné la banalisation de Simenon (mais non de Roubaud qui emprunte ses mots) aussi bien que la plupart des incorrections des étudiants (souvent induites paradoxalement par l’usage du dictionnaire). Ils ont poussé également Umberto Eco à remanier radicalement un texte de Raymond Queneau qu’il avait considéré comme l’un des moins réussis, alors qu’il est sans aucun doute l’un des plus importants – et peut-être le plus important - des Exercices de style. Dans la deuxième phase, le traducteur qui accepte d’écrire sous contrainte – sous les contraintes que lui impose le texte-source – connaît aussi la joie de la liberté. Car la contrainte le libérera et le poussera à exploiter toutes les potentialités insoupçonnées, toutes les ressources de la langue et de la culture d’arrivée pour rendre le plus fidèlement la voix de l’auteur, auquel l’analyse et la compréhension l’ont enchaîné. C’est un effort de Sisyphe, mais qui peut rendre heureux. Car c’est aussi en traduisant qu’on devient écriveron. / Set out in three chapters, this thesis which has the aim of investigating the omniscience of translation, starts out by analyzing an extract from Simenon in La Belle Hortense then moves to a study of the mistakes made in 40 translations by students at the University of Venice from a text by Agnès Desarthe and, finally, looks at the translation by Umberto Eco of Raymond Queneau's "Maladroit".As its title suggests, this thesis underlines the importance of practice. One does not suddenly wake up a writer one morning, a pen at the ready simply because one has studied grammar.At the same time one obviously does not become a translator without translating, although practice in itself does not guarantee the excellence of the outcome. This is a truism worth remembering at a moment when translation studies are becoming more and more invasive. Like every theory it tends towards abstraction and generalization while practice concerns itself with the here and now. But it is exactly for this that it risks revealing itself not only as inadequate but also dangerous. For literature, far from being the application of the norm, is where the gap exists. However it is difficult to resist the authority of a dictionary, of a translation expert or of a critic, even more so if they are surrounded by a halo of prestige.Every translation consists of two phases. The first is based on a stylistic analysis of the source text and implies an excellent mastery of the language and of the culture from where it originates. This is the moment of enslavement when the translator is at the complete service of the author, where he tries to understand without judging, like a lover, he listens to his voice so that he can interpret it. But the stage of enslavement which chains one to the original text is also the moment of apprenticeship, the moment when the translator can enter into the secrets of an author's writing. Without this initial phase, one should not even speak of translation. If one does not read carefully, as under a magnifying glass, the work that one must transplant and where one does not know sufficiently what makes it up, one ends up by relying too much on dictionaries, to apply ready-made solutions. There is another voice apart from the author's that one must hear, beyond the normal boundaries.It is in this phase that well-rooted and strong prejudices or theoretical garble, according to my analysis, have intervened in the extracts examined. They have caused a banalisation of Simenon (but not of Roubaud who borrowed his words) as well as most of the errors of the students (and often brought about, paradoxically, the use of dictionaries). In the same way they pushed Umberto Eco to meddle radically with a text of Raymond Queneau that he considered one of the latter's less successful ones, even though it is one of the most important, and perhaps the most important, in Exercices de style.In the second phase, the translator who accepts to write under constraint, under the constraints imposed by the source text, also knows the joy of liberty. Because the constraint will free him and push him to take full advantage of unexpected potentiality, of all the resources of the language and culture and to render the voice of the author in the most faithful way, and to whom the analysis and comprehension chained him. It is the work of Sisyphus but which can create contentment. Because it is also by translating that one becomes a writer.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-04T13:54:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AcaciaPierreDosSantosMedeiros_DISSERT.pdf: 3655066 bytes, checksum: e60336f468fa7b5fbfa22beb1d9db4e3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-12T14:37:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AcaciaPierreDosSantosMedeiros_DISSERT.pdf: 3655066 bytes, checksum: e60336f468fa7b5fbfa22beb1d9db4e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T14:37:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AcaciaPierreDosSantosMedeiros_DISSERT.pdf: 3655066 bytes, checksum: e60336f468fa7b5fbfa22beb1d9db4e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-25 / A expans?o tecnol?gica e comunicacional propiciou o surgimento de novas pr?ticas de visualiza??o e apropria??o de informa??es, de modo a afetar a visibilidade e as pr?ticas das comunidades de f?s, que se constituem a partir de uma participa??o ativa dos membros que as integram. Este trabalho procura inserir-se no contexto da cultura participativa a fim de melhor compreender o fen?meno de cultura de f?s e contribuir para os estudos que a ele est?o relacionados. Para isto, utiliza-se o filme Batman vs Superman ? A Origem da Justi?a com o objetivo de demonstrar como os f?s se organizam e quais as suas pr?ticas em uma comunidade virtual. O m?todo empregado ? o da netnografia apoiada ? observa??o das pr?ticas online e ? elabora??o de question?rios destinados aos membros da comunidade. A base te?rica ? composta por autores como Henry Jenkins (1992;2006;2009;2015), Matt Hills (2002), Clay Shirky (2011), Paul Booth (2010), Mark Duffett (2013), dentre outros que procuram compreender a participa??o como o fator fundamental da cultura de f?s. / The technological and communicational expansion provided the emergence of new practices of preview and appropriation of information, affecting the visibility and the practices of the fans communities, which stabilish from an active participation of members that integrate them. This paper seeks to insert in the culture participatory context in order of better understand the fans culture phenomenon and contribute to the studies that are related to it. Therefore, I use Batman vs Superman ? Down of Justice film to demonstrate how the fans organize themselves and which are their practices in a virtual community. The used method is the netnography with the observation of online practices and the elaboration of quizzes for the community members. The theoretical basis is composed of authors like Henry Jenkins (1992; 2006; 2009; 2015), Matt Hills (2002), Clay Shirky (2011), Paul Booth (2010), Mark Duffett (2013), and others that try to understand the participation as the key factor of the fans culture.

Submitted by Helena Bejio (helena.bejio@unioeste.br) on 2017-12-18T23:58:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 tese completo Paulo Ricardo Lima.pdf: 1392705 bytes, checksum: f905fc1f7a4970417ea82128e56bcd01 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-18T23:58:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 tese completo Paulo Ricardo Lima.pdf: 1392705 bytes, checksum: f905fc1f7a4970417ea82128e56bcd01 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of the present study was to evaluate the rustification of hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla versus Eucalyptus grandis (clone 1528) with application of jasmonic acid (JA) and kaolin flexions stem and their subsequent field development. The experiment was conducted at the State University of Western Paraná, in the municipality of Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR. Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the responses of eucalyptus plants to the exogenous application of JA and flexions stem. In the first, a completely randomized experimental design with seven treatments (control, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 μmol L-1 of JA, 20 and 40 stem flexions daily), with five replications of twenty seedlings, in the protected environment. After 4 weeks of application of the treatments were determined the increment in height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry masses of roots and aerial part and relative index of chlorophyll (SPAD). At 90 days after planting (field), the increases in height and in the stem diameter and the height/diameter ratio of the seedlings were evaluated. In the second experiment in protected environment, using a completely randomized design with five replications of 20 seedlings, with the following treatments: T1: control, T2: 8.0 μmol L-1 of JA and T3: 40 stem flexions. They were measured the net assimilation rate of CO2 (A), stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), leaf transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUE), intrinsic efficiency of use of Water (iWUE) and carboxylation efficiency (Fc). The third experiment in protected environment was a completely randomized design with seven treatments (T1: control: T2: 2.0 μmol L-1 of JA; T3: 4.0 μmol L-1 of JA; T4: 6.0 μmol L-1 of JA; T5: 8.0 μmol L-1 of JA; T6: 20 stem flexions; and T7: 40 stem flexions) with five replicates of twenty seedlings. After applied of the treatments were evaluated, the increment in height, diameter stem and lignin content of root and stem and flexural stiffness of the stem. The rustified seedlings were transplanted to the field and at 90 and 150 days the height and stem diameter increments were evaluated. The treatments with application of JA and control showed a greater increase in height and number of leaves during the rustification phase and obtained a greater increase in height and in the diameter of stem after field planting. The dose of JA applied in the seedlings was insufficient to alter the photosynthetic responses to the control. Mechanical stimuli promoted an increase in the maximum photosynthetic capacity and maximum assimilation of CO2, but reduction in the efficiency of water use, that is, lower photosynthetic efficiency when compared to other treatments. For flexural rigidity, seedlings submitted to mechanical stimuli presented greater curvature resistance. Applications of JA above 6.0 μmol L-1 and mechanical stimuli obtained an increase in the lignin content in the stem in eucalyptus seedlings. Minor doses of JA and imposition of 20 push-ups resulted in seedlings with increase in diameter stem increment. The track analysis showed that the increase in the lignin content promotes more rigid stems and these have a greater direct effect inversely proportional to the average increase in height and the diameter of the stem at the level of the ground. Therefore, the application of stem flexures and jasmonic acid were able to alter the lignin concentration in the stem, providing greater flexural stiffness in eucalyptus seedlings, but this smaller flexural stiffness was not reflected in higher seedling quality under the studied conditions. / O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a rustificação de mudas de híbrido de Eucalyptus urophylla vs Eucalyptus grandis clone 1528 com aplicação de ácido jasmônico (JA) e flexões caulinares e seu posterior desenvolvimento a campo. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, no município de Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR. Foram realizados três experimentos para avaliar as respostas das plantas de eucalipto a aplicação exógena de JA e flexões caulinares. O primeiro foi desenvolvido em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso com sete tratamentos (testemunha; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 μmol L-1 de JA; 20 e 40 flexões caulinares diárias), com cinco repetições de vinte mudas, em ambiente protegido não climatizado. Após quatro semanas de aplicação dos tratamentos, foram determinados os incrementos na altura, diâmetro do coleto, número de folhas, massas secas de raízes e da parte aérea e índice relativo de clorofila (SPAD). Aos 90 dias após o plantio (campo) foram avaliados os incrementos na altura e no diâmetro do coleto e a relação altura/diâmetro das mudas. No segundo experimento em ambiente protegido, utilizando delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com cinco repetições de vinte mudas, com os seguintes tratamentos: T1: testemunha, T2: 8,0 μmol L-1 de JA e T3: 40 flexões caulinares. Foram mensuradas a taxa de assimilação líquida de CO2 (A), condutância estomática (gs), concentração interna de CO2 (Ci), taxa de transpiração da folha (E), eficiência do uso de água (WUE), eficiência intrínseca do uso de água (iWUE) e eficiência de carboxilação (Fc). O terceiro experimento em ambiente protegido foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com sete tratamentos (T1: testemunha; T2: 2,0 μmol L-1 de JA; T3: 4,0 μmol L-1 de JA; T4: 6,0 μmol L-1 de JA; T5: 8,0 μmol L-1 de JA; T6: 20 flexões; T7: 40 flexões) e cinco repetições de vinte mudas. Após a aplicação dos tratamentos foram avaliados o incremento na altura, diâmetro do coleto, teor de lignina do caule e raiz e rigidez flexural. As mudas rustificadas foram transplantadas a campo e aos 90 e 150 dias foram avaliados os incrementos na altura e diâmetro do caule. Os tratamentos com aplicação de JA e testemunha apresentaram maior incremento na altura e número de folhas durante a fase de rustificação e obtiveram maior incremento em altura e no diâmetro do coleto a campo. A dose de JA aplicada nas mudas foi insuficiente para alterar as respostas fotossintéticas em relação à testemunha. Estímulos mecânicos promoveram incremento da capacidade fotossintética máxima e máxima assimilação de CO2, mas externaram redução na eficiência do uso da água, ou seja, menor eficiência fotossintética quando comparado aos demais tratamentos. Para rigidez flexural, mudas submetidas a estímulos mecânicos apresentaram maior resistência de curvatura. Aplicações de JA acima de 6,0 μmol L-1 e estímulos mecânicos obtiveram incremento no teor de lignina no caule em mudas de eucalipto. Doses menores de JA e imposição de 20 flexões resultaram em mudas com aumento no incremento no diâmetro caule. A análise de trilha demonstrou que houve aumento na rigidez do caule acompanhado com o aumento no teor de lignina e que estes possuem um maior efeito direto inversamente proporcional com o incremento médio em altura e com o diâmetro do caule ao nível do solo. Portanto, a aplicação de flexões caulinares e ácido jasmônico foram capazes de alterar a concentração de lignina no caule, proporcionando maior rigidez flexural em mudas de eucalipto. Porém, essa menor flexura caulinar não se refletiu em maior qualidade da muda nas condições estudadas.

This thesis examines three different aspects of monetary policy in a varying sample of developing countries, with some Islamic banks. The first essay estimates a variety of interest rate rules for the conduct of monetary policy for Indonesia, Israel, South Korea, Thailand and Turkey, in both high and low inflation conditions. The findings are that the reaction of monetary policy to both inflation and output gaps differs between the high and low inflation regimes and that the exchange rate channel is important only in the low inflation regime. The second essay examines the bank lending channel of monetary transmission in Malaysia, a country with a dual banking system, with both Islamic and conventional banks. The results show that Islamic credit is less responsive to interest rates shocks than is conventional credit, in both high and low growth conditions. In contrast, the relative importance of Islamic credit shocks in driving output and inflation is greater under low -inflation conditions and higher Islamic credit leads to higher growth and lower inflation in such conditions. The third essay re-examines the question of causality between credit and GDP between two sets of countries one set without Islamic banks and the other set with dual banking systems, including some Islamic banks. The results suggest long-run causality from credit growth to GDP in countries with only Islamic banks.

Publika moln har sedan några år tillbaka blivit ett alternativ för olika företag att använda istället för lokala datacenter. Vad publika moln erbjuder är en tjänst som gör det möjligt för företag och privatpersoner att hyra datorkapacitet. Vilket gör att de inte längre behöver spendera pengar på resurser som inte används. Istället för att köpa en stor andel hårdvara och uppskatta hur stor kapacitet som man behöver kan man nu istället så smått börja utöka efter behov eller minska ifall det önskas. Därmed behöver företag inte spendera pengar på hårdvara som inte används eller har för lite datorkapacitet, vilket skulle kunna resultera i att stora batcharbeten inte blir färdiga i tid och i och med det kan företaget förlora potentiella kunder. Potentiella problem  kan dock uppstå när man i ett moln virtualiserar och försöker fördela datorkapacitet mellan flera tusen instanser. Där även skalbarhet inte ska ha några begränsningar, enligt moln-leverantörerna. I denna rapport har vi med hjälp av olika benchmarks analyserat prestandan hos den största publika moln-leverantören på marknaden, Amazon, och deras EC2- och S3-tjänster. Vi har genomfört prestandatester på systemminne, MPI och hårddisk I/O. Då dessa är några av de faktorer som hindrar publika moln från att ta över marknaden, enligt artikeln Above The Clouds -  A Berkely View of Cloud Computing [3].  Sedan har vi jämfört resultaten med prestandan på ett privat moln i ett datacenter. Våra resultat indikerar att prestandan på det publika molnet inte är förutsägbar och måste få en ordentlig skjuts för att stora företag ska ha en anledning till att börja använda det.

The thesis is an empirical case study to predict or estimate the performance and variability of contemporary software frameworks used for web application development. Thesis can be mainly divided into 3 phases. In Phase I, we theoretically try to explore and analyze PHP, EJB 3.0 and ASP.NET considering quality attributes or ilitis of mentioned technologies. In Phase II, we develop two identical web applications i.e. online component’s webstore (applications to purchase components online) in PHP and ASP.NET. In phase III, we conduct automated testing to determine and analyze applications’ performance. We developed web applications in PHP 5.3.0 and Visual Studio 2008 using ASP.NET 3.5 to practically measure and compare the applications’ performance. We used SQL Server 2005 with ASP.NET 3.5 and MySql 5.1.36 with PHP as database servers. Software architecture, CSS, database design, database constraints were tried to keep simple and same for both applications i.e.  Applications developed in PHP and ASP.NET. This similarity helps to establish realistic comparison of applications performance and variability. The applications’ performance and variability is measured with help of automated scripts. These scripts were used to generate thousands of requests on application servers and downloading components simultaneously. More details of performance testing can be found in chapter 6, 7 and 8. / We have gain alot of knowledge from this thesis. We are very happy to finish our Software Engineering.

Drömmars likhet med film har fascinerat människor sedan mediets uppkomst. Med ljus som avgörande princip för bildens innehåll, i kombination med något så subjektivt som hur drömmar ser ut, är det av intresse att se hur ljuset gestaltas när filmkaraktärers egna drömmar blir ett inslag i filmen. Uppsatsens syfte är att analysera huruvida ljus har betydelse för att generera en filmisk uppfattning av att det är en dröm. Ljuset undersöks i fyra filmer med utpräglade drömscener genom en kvalitativ jämförelsestudie. En semiotisk bildanalys har utförts av exempel från vaket tillstånd gentemot drömtillstånd i Spellbound (1945), Smultronstället (1957), Stalker (1979) och Scott Pilgrim vs The World (2010). Att utläsa av analysen uppvisas återkommande mönster i samtliga exempel av gestaltningen att förstärka intrycket av att det är en dröm. I jämförelse tenderar vaken verklighet att gestaltas med andra ljusestetiska principer.

The characteristics of Mexico are different to the characteristics of countries where the mainstream theories on social movements were developed — which are countries with consolidated democracies. Hence, to study the Mexican case, one must be aware of this difference, as one of the fundamental aims of this thesis is to evaluate the pertinence of these theories in a young democracy with an authoritarian heritage that experiences conditions of social inequality, insecurity and low levels of trust in public institutions. A question that must be asked first is whether the case of Mexico, following the mainstream theories, is going to produce similar outcomes to those that we can find in the literature, or due to the peculiarities of this country, the outcomes are going to be different. In this research work we take the individual as a unit of analysis. Thus, we analyze the variables that have an effect on the propensity of individuals to protest. Beyond the paths of pure micro, meso or macro level analyses, this thesis examines these three social levels in combination to explain the individuals' likelihood to participate in protest events. That is to say, we analyze the effects of the macro or meso level on the micro level. With this aim, we seek to determine whether the case of Mexico is going to produce similar outcomes to those that we can find in the literature or, whether due to the peculiarities of this country the outcomes are going to differ. Contrary to other studies which only analyze the characteristics of protesters, in this work we analyze the characteristics of both protesters and non-protesters. The latter is an important group of analysis, since with it we can make a real contrast to observe which variables are more likely to trigger protest participation in individuals. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Adam Smith considered consumption the sole end and purpose of all production. Concerning the measurement of welfare, this requires a sound understanding of the connection between consumption and welfare. The consumerist conceptualization of this connection implies that the amount of consumption equals welfare and the level of production can be an indicator for welfare. The limits and problems of production measures are widely accepted. Yet, indicators like GDP remain the focus of mainstream economic theory and policy. We trace the origin of this lock-in back to the economic model of behaviour and the concept of agency in mainstream economics. The suggested alternative stems from literature about human needs in heterodox economics and psychology. This literature incorporates the relevance of social aspects and cultural change for welfare. It turns out that consumerism can be a threat to well-being and welfare rather than a requirement for it. / Series: SRE - Discussion Papers