Trade unions and environmental movements are often seen as political opponents most prominently discussed in the form of the "jobs vs. environment dilemma". Based on historical examples of the conflict relations between trade unions and environmental groups in the Austrian energy sector, this paper showcases how the relationship between the two groups has changed from enmity to first attempts at alliance building. Drawing from analysis of union documents and problem-centred interviews conducted with Austrian unionists, it shows that newly emerging alliances between unions and environmental movements contain the seeds for a broad societal movement that can help overcome the paradigm of growth and actively engage in the creation of policies that support a social-ecological transformation.

Digitala verktyg förekommer allt mer i skolan vilket leder till att lärare behöver ha kunskap om hur de digitala verktygen kan påverka elevers kunskapsutveckling. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är därför att belysa eventuella skillnader mellan skärmläsning och traditionell läsning angående läsförståelse, läshastighet och fysisk påverkan på läsaren. Mot denna bakgrund formulerades tre frågeställningar: • Vilka möjliga skillnader i läsförståelse skildras i en jämförelse av skärmläsning och traditionell läsning? • Vilka slutsatser kan dras angående läshastighet vid traditionell läsning gentemot skärmläsning? • På vilka sätt kan skärmläsning eventuellt påverka läsaren fysiskt? För att få svar på frågeställningarna har flera vetenskapliga publikationer analyserats och förts in i en analytisk tabell. Texternas relevans i förhållande till studiens syfte avgjordes med hjälp av uppsatta kriterier gällande skärmläsning, läsförståelse och publiceringsår. Om materialet uppfyllde kriterierna inkluderades det i urvalet. Urvalet består av flera internationella tidsskriftartiklar och en svensk doktorsavhandling.Beträffande studiens två första frågeställningar visar resultatet inget tydligt svar. Flera studier hävdar att det inte är någon skillnad i läsförståelse och läshastighet vid traditionell läsning och skärmläsning, medan andra studier hävdar att det finns tydliga skillnader. Gällande studiens tredje frågeställning visar resultatet att skärmläsning påverkar läsaren fysiskt i form av eyestrain. Någon slutsats angående läsförståelsen och läshastighet har inte kunnat dras, men den fysiska påverkan verkar göra att majoriteten anser att traditionell läsning är behagligare än skärmläsning.

The techniques mostly used to decontaminate air as well as water pollutants have drawbacks in terms of higher costs, require secondary treatment, and some methods are very slow. So, emphasis has been given to water though the use of photocatalysts, which break organic pollutants to water and carbon dioxide and leave no trace of by-products at the end. Photocatalytic remediation aligns with the waste and wastewater industries’ zero waste schemes with lower cost, eco-friendly and sustainable treatment technology. The commonly used photocatalysts such as titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), tungsten oxide (WO3) have band gap of nearly 3.2 eV. The lower energy band-gap of a semiconductor makes it a better photocatalyst. The major drawbacks of photocatalysts are its inefficiency to work under visible light and high photocorrosion which limits its uses. These limitations can be mitigated through dopants and the formation of varying morphologies like nanowires, nanoparticles, nanotubes etc. Several organic pollutants are insoluble in water, which inhibits the pollutant (insoluble) to come in contact with photocatalytic material thus hindering remediation characteristic of a photocatalyst. Binder material used to immobilize the photocatalytic material tends to decompose due to oxidative and reduction reactions around the photocatalyst which causes the loss of photocatalytic material. This investigation displays the advantage of organic remediation in visible radiation using graphene (G) doped TiO2 nanoparticles and nanowires. The nanostructured G-TiO2 nanoparticles and G-TiO2 nanowires were synthesized using sol-gel and hydrothermal methods. The nanostructured materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and particle analyser procedures. The remediation of organic compounds (methyl orange) in water was achieved under visible radiation using graphene doped nanostructured photocatalytic materials. The sol-gel synthesized G-TiO2 nanoparticles has shown complete remediation of methyl orange (MO) in less than four hours, thus displaying enhanced photocatalytic activity achieved through graphene doping on TiO2 nanostructures The dopant and structure introduced in zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials bring foundation for enhanced photocatalytic activity due to lowering of the band gap, and decreasing of photocorrosion through delaying of electron-hole recombination. The challenge to synthesize both nanowire and nanoparticle structures of ZnO doped with graphene (G) are carried out by simple and cost effective hydrothermal as well as super saturation precipitation techniques, respectively. Various nanostructures of ZnO have been synthesized using precipitation and hydrothermal methods are ZnO nanoparticles, G doped ZnO nanoparticles, ZnO nanowires, G doped ZnO nanowires, TiO2 seeded ZnO nanowires and G doped TiO2 seeded ZnO nanowires The synthesized ZnO based nanostructures were characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, UV-vis, FTIR and particle analyser methods respectively. The standard organic pollutant methyl orange (MO) dye was employed in the water to understand the effective remediation using ZnO nanostructured materials under visible light radiation. The G-ZnO NW structure has shown effective remediation of MO in water in three hours compared to other synthesized nanostructured ZnO materials. The petroleum compounds were photocatalytically remediated from water using G- TiO2 nanoparticles material in visible light radiation. The G-TiO2 nanoparticle was synthesized using sol-gel technique and used on various petroleum-based chemicals (toluene, naphthalene and diesel) were remediated, and samples were analysed using optical and gas chromatography (GC) techniques. The importance of pollutant to come in contact with photocatalyst have been demonstrated by employing surfactant along with G-TiO2 nanoparticles to remediate naphthalene. Earlier studies in this investigation have shown that graphene (G) doping in both titanium oxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), has brought about a reduction in photocorrosion, and an increase in the photocatalytic efficiency for remediation of organics under visible light (λ > 400nm). However, the graphene doped photocatalysts have proven to be hard to coat on a surface, due to the strong hydrophobic nature of graphene. So, attempts have been made to use polyaniline (PANI), a conducting polymer, as a binder material by insitu polymerization of aniline over G-TiO2 nanoparticles (G-TiO2 NP) and G-ZnO nanowires (G-ZnO NW) & characterized using SEM, XRD, UV-vis and FTIR techniques. The photocatalytic, as well as photoelectrochemical catalytic performance of PANI:G-TiO2 NP and PANI:G-ZnO NW, were investigated. The standard MO in water was used for both PANI:G-TiO2 NP and PANI:G-ZnO NW electrodes on conducting substrates. 1:1 PANI:G-TiO2 NP shows an increase of 31% in the remediation of MO in water at potential of +1000 mV, and with the ease in coating PANI:G-TiO2 NP and PANI:G-ZnO NW on various substrates, on top of the visible light remediation allows for the use of these materials and process to be used for practical applications of remediation of organics from water.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le domaine de la prise de décision séquentielle en environnement inconnu, et plus particulièrement dans le cadre des bandits manchots (multi-armed bandits, MAB), défini par Robbins et Lai dans les années 50. Depuis les années 2000, ce cadre a fait l'objet de nombreuses recherches théoriques et algorithmiques centrées sur le compromis entre l'exploration et l'exploitation : L'exploitation consiste à répéter le plus souvent possible les choix qui se sont avérés les meilleurs jusqu'à présent. L'exploration consiste à essayer des choix qui ont rarement été essayés, pour vérifier qu'on a bien identifié les meilleurs choix. Les applications des approches MAB vont du choix des traitements médicaux à la recommandation dans le contexte du commerce électronique, en passant par la recherche de politiques optimales de l'énergie. Les contributions présentées dans ce manuscrit s'intéressent au compromis exploration vs exploitation sous deux angles spécifiques. Le premier concerne la prise en compte du risque. Toute exploration dans un contexte inconnu peut en effet aboutir à des conséquences indésirables ; par exemple l'exploration des comportements d'un robot peut aboutir à des dommages pour le robot ou pour son environnement. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif est d'obtenir un compromis entre exploration, exploitation, et prise de risque (EER). Plusieurs algorithmes originaux sont proposés dans le cadre du compromis EER. Sous des hypothèses fortes, l'algorithme MIN offre des garanties de regret logarithmique, à l'état de l'art ; il offre également une grande robustesse, contrastant avec la forte sensibilité aux valeurs des hyper-paramètres de e.g. (Auer et al. 2002). L'algorithme MARAB s'intéresse à un critère inspiré de la littérature économique(Conditional Value at Risk), et montre d'excellentes performances empiriques comparées à (Sani et al. 2012), mais sans garanties théoriques. Enfin, l'algorithme MARABOUT modifie l'estimation du critère CVaR pour obtenir des garanties théoriques, tout en obtenant un bon comportement empirique. Le second axe de recherche concerne le bandit contextuel, où l'on dispose d'informations additionnelles relatives au contexte de la décision ; par exemple, les variables d'état du patient dans un contexte médical ou de l'utilisateur dans un contexte de recommandation. L'étude se focalise sur le choix entre bras qu'on a tirés précédemment un nombre de fois différent. Le choix repose en général sur la notion d'optimisme, comparant les bornes supérieures des intervalles de confiance associés aux bras considérés. Une autre approche appelée BESA, reposant sur le sous-échantillonnage des valeurs tirées pour les bras les plus visités, et permettant ainsi de se ramener au cas où tous les bras ont été tirés un même nombre de fois, a été proposée par (Baransi et al. 2014). / This thesis focuses on sequential decision making in unknown environment, and more particularly on the Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) setting, defined by Lai and Robbins in the 50s. During the last decade, many theoretical and algorithmic studies have been aimed at cthe exploration vs exploitation tradeoff at the core of MABs, where Exploitation is biased toward the best options visited so far while Exploration is biased toward options rarely visited, to enforce the discovery of the the true best choices. MAB applications range from medicine (the elicitation of the best prescriptions) to e-commerce (recommendations, advertisements) and optimal policies (e.g., in the energy domain). The contributions presented in this dissertation tackle the exploration vs exploitation dilemma under two angles. The first contribution is centered on risk avoidance. Exploration in unknown environments often has adverse effects: for instance exploratory trajectories of a robot can entail physical damages for the robot or its environment. We thus define the exploration vs exploitation vs safety (EES) tradeoff, and propose three new algorithms addressing the EES dilemma. Firstly and under strong assumptions, the MIN algorithm provides a robust behavior with guarantees of logarithmic regret, matching the state of the art with a high robustness w.r.t. hyper-parameter setting (as opposed to, e.g. UCB (Auer 2002)). Secondly, the MARAB algorithm aims at optimizing the cumulative 'Conditional Value at Risk' (CVar) rewards, originated from the economics domain, with excellent empirical performances compared to (Sani et al. 2012), though without any theoretical guarantees. Finally, the MARABOUT algorithm modifies the CVar estimation and yields both theoretical guarantees and a good empirical behavior. The second contribution concerns the contextual bandit setting, where additional informations are provided to support the decision making, such as the user details in the ontent recommendation domain, or the patient history in the medical domain. The study focuses on how to make a choice between two arms with different numbers of samples. Traditionally, a confidence region is derived for each arm based on the associated samples, and the 'Optimism in front of the unknown' principle implements the choice of the arm with maximal upper confidence bound. An alternative, pioneered by (Baransi et al. 2014), and called BESA, proceeds instead by subsampling without replacement the larger sample set. In this framework, we designed a contextual bandit algorithm based on sub-sampling without replacement, relaxing the (unrealistic) assumption that all arm reward distributions rely on the same parameter. The CL-BESA algorithm yields both theoretical guarantees of logarithmic regret and good empirical behavior.

First chapter - basic characteristics of Israel Second chapter - economy of Israel. Third chapter - Czech Republic and Israel. Balance of trade. Main export, import articles. Forth chapter - israeli culture.

There are few theories that focus on future digital business. This article evaluates how a traditional theory like Porter’s five forces and a more modern like Red ocean vs. Blue ocean can be used.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur psykologiska verktyg kan användas föratt lättare förstå en films karaktärer för att kunna göra det enklare att bygga upp democh filmens struktur. Filmen Justice League vs the Fatal Five (2019) analyseras för attse hur protagonisten utvecklas genom och utvecklar sidokaraktärerna i birollerna, hurbiroller också förtjänar att utvecklas till en viss del och hur användbara psykologiskametoder av terapi kan vara för att göra en bra, intressant film. Uppsatsen argumenteraratt det finns en viss dramaturgisk demokrati som karaktärerna följer, att det är okej attutveckla birollerna något, även om protagonisten förstås får mest och tydligastutveckling. Uppsatsen argumenterar också att sorgens faser är en bra struktur att följaför att förenkla hur en karaktär utvecklas.

The availability to stream movies and series online has increased immensely throughout this decade, being reliant on freeing up time during your day to be able to watch your favorite tv-show has become less necessary due to the fact that you’re able to stream it whenever you want or can, once it’s been released. Reality television has been a big part of the tv tabloid for almost two decades now and it had it’s peak in audience during the years 2009-2012 and has been reportedly decreasing the following years. There has been little to none research regarding reality tv’s progression and audience recently, which has made us curious as to its current state. This article aims to research whether or not the interest in watching romantically themed reality tv has had a continued decline these recent years due to its lack of content variation and if its audience has gradually gone over to streaming it online rather than watching it on tv. We have studied three different reality shows views online and on television per episode during the years of 2015-2018. This way, we could add the views online and on television together to see if the view count in total has increased or decreased each year, as well as being able to compare the difference in views online versus views on television each year to see if the quota who streams has increased. Our hypotheses were met with matching results from our rese

Raven's Song is an original musical dramatizing the conflict between paganism and Christianity. The play revolves around a woman who has become disillusioned by her people and her gods. The only gods she has ever known were blood-thirsty, appeased only by the blood and entrails of human sacrifice. Therefore, Raven resists all religion. Through providential circumstances, she is married into a Christian family and is overwhelmed by their love, and the kindness of their God. In search for truth, Raven begins to question her disbelief. All men search for truth in their own way, and all, at one time, will question the existence and nature of God. The play does not presume to answer these questions, but allows each participant to decide for himself, as Raven must decide for herself.

Das Textile-Engineering steht innerhalb der Digitalisierungsphase der vierten industriellen Revolution, vor der Herausforderung, die taktile Erfahrbarkeit von physischen Oberflächen in digitale tools zu übersetzen. Hierbei stehen scheinbar analoge Entwurfsmethoden des Skizzierens, mit dem Duktus im Konflikt mit den digitalen Entwurfsflächen und -räumen. Wie können wir digitale Materialbibliotheken so verwenden, dass diese der „wahren“ Oberflächen(-Ästhetik), entsprechend unseren physisch erlebbaren Welten entsprechen? Wir entwickeln die interaktiven Entwurfsräume der Zukunft „sur face“, über das „Gesicht“ des Materials. Mittels Matrix und digitalem Duktus und im vis à vis von analogen und digitalen vernetzt designen, kommen wir der Anforderung von human centred design der textilen Zukunftswelten näher.